Laboratory matenda a shuga ana ndi akulu

Kuchulukitsa kwa zovuta za anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awo. Kuzindikiridwa koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga ndiko, chithandizo chamankhwala chimayamba mwachangu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo azikhala bwino komanso moyo wautali. Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kukhazikitsidwa kwa chithandizo kwakanthawi kumalola kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali kupitiliza kugwira ntchito kwa chifuwa. Ndi mtundu 1, kuzindikira koyambirira kwa zovuta mu kagayidwe kazakudya kumathandiza kupewa ketoacidotic chikomokere, ndipo nthawi zina kupulumutsa moyo wa wodwala matenda ashuga.

Mitundu yonse iwiri yamatendawa ilibe zizindikiro zapadera, chifukwa kudziwa mbiri ya wodwala sikokwanira kuti adziwe zoyenera kudziwa. The endocrinologist amathandizidwa ndi njira zamakono zasayansi. Ndi chithandizo chawo, simungathe kudziwa kuyambika kwa matendawa, komanso kudziwa mtundu wake ndi digirii.

Njira zodziwira mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga

Kuthamanga kwa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga mdziko lapansi ndikuphwanya mbiri, ndikukhala vuto pagulu. Oposa 3% ya anthu apezeka kale. Malinga ndi akatswiri, anthu ambiri sadziwa kuyambika kwa matendawa, chifukwa samadandaula ndikuzindikiridwa kwakanthawi. Ngakhale mitundu yofatsa ya asymptomatic imayambitsa kuvulaza kwambiri thupi: yambitsa mtima wamatenda, kuwononga ma capillaries, potero kupatula ziwalo ndi miyendo ya zakudya, kusokoneza dongosolo lamanjenje.

Kuzindikira kochepera kwa shuga kumaphatikizapo mayeso awiri: kusala kudya kwa glucose komanso kuyeserera kwa shuga. Amatha kuthandizidwa kwaulere ngati mupita kuchipatala pafupipafupi ndikupita kukayezetsa kuchipatala. Mu labotale yamalonda iliyonse, kusanthula konseku sikudzawononga ndalama zopitilira 1000 ruble. Ngati kuwunika kochepa kwawonetsa zovuta mu carbohydrate metabolism, kapena kuchuluka kwa magazi kuli pafupi ndi malire apamwamba, ndikofunikira kupita ku endocrinologist.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

• Matenda a shuga -95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%

Chifukwa chake, tidadutsa kuyeserera kwa glucose ndi mayeso a glucose, ndipo zotulukapo zawo sizidatisangalatsa. Ndi kafukufuku uti yemwe akuyenera kupita?

Njira zodziwonera zapamwamba ndizophatikizira:

1. Kudziwana ndi mbiri ya wodwala, kusaka zambiri zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro, moyo wake komanso chikhalidwe chake pakudya, cholowa chake.
2. Glycated hemoglobin kapena fructosamine.
3. Urinalysis
4. C peptide.
5. Kuzindikiritsa ma antibodies.
6. Mbiri ya lipid yamagazi.

Mndandandandawu ungasiyane panjira yochepetsera ndi kuchuluka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati matendawa afulumira kudziwika, ndipo wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ali ndi zaka zosakwana 30, chiopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi chachikulu. Wodwala amayesedwa koyeserera kwa C-peptide ndi ma antibodies. Ma lipids amwazi pamenepa, monga lamulo, ndi abwinobwino, chifukwa chake, maphunziro awa sangachitike. Ndipo mosiyanasiyana: wodwala wokalamba wopanda shuga wambiri, ayang'anitsitsa zonse mafuta a cholesterol ndi triglycerides, ndipo akupatsanso kuyesedwa kwa ziwalo zomwe zikuvutika kwambiri ndi zovuta: maso ndi impso.

Tikhazikike mwatsatanetsatane pamaphunziro omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire matenda a shuga.

Mbiri yazachipatala

Zomwe adotolo adalandira pakufunsidwa kwa wodwalayo komanso mayeso ake akunja ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira matenda a shuga okha, komanso matenda ena.

Dziwani izi:

• ludzu lalikulu;
• youma mucous nembanemba;
• kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kukodza;
• kufooka kowonjezereka;
• kuwonongeka pakuchiritsa mabala, chizolowezi chokulitsa;
• kuuma kwambiri ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu;
• zosagwira mitundu ya matenda fungal;
• ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 - kuwonda msanga.

Zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri ndi nseru, chizungulire, kupweteka kwam'mimba, khungu. Amatha kuwonetsa shuga wambiri mophatikiza ndi ketoacidosis. Matenda a 2 a matenda a shuga sakhala ndi zizindikiro kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, mu 50% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuposa zaka 65, zizindikiro zakuchipatala sizipezeka konse, mpaka pamlingo woopsa.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga chimatha kuzindikirika ngakhale mwanzeru. Monga lamulo, anthu onse omwe ali ndi vuto logona kwambiri pamimba amakhala ndi magawo oyambira a kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya.

Kungonena kuti munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga, zizindikiro zokha sizokwanira, ngakhale zitakhala zazikulu komanso zimapitilira. Matenda a shuga amakhalanso ndi zizindikiro zofananira, chifukwa chake, odwala onse amafunikira kukayezetsa magazi.

Kusala shuga

Kusanthula uku ndikofunika pofufuza matenda ashuga. Pakufufuza, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha pambuyo pa nthawi yanjala ya maola 12. Glucose amatsimikiza mu mmol / L. Zotsatira pamwamba pa 7 nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa matenda ashuga, kuyambira 6.1 mpaka 7 - pafupi ndi kuphatikizika koyambirira kwa kagayidwe kazinthu, kusokonezeka kwa glycemia.

Kuthamanga kwa glucose nthawi zambiri kumayamba osati kuchokera ku zowerengeka za matenda amtundu wa 2, koma pambuyo pake. Shuga woyamba amayamba kupitilira chakudya. Chifukwa chake, ngati zotsatira zake zili pamwamba pa 5.9, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala ndikupanga mayeso owonjezera, osachepera mayeso ololera a glucose.

Shuga akhoza kukwezedwa kwakanthawi chifukwa cha autoimmune, matenda opatsirana komanso matenda ena osachiritsika. Chifukwa chake, pakalibe zizindikiro, magazi amaperekedwanso.

Njira zoyenera kudziwa matenda a shuga:

• Kawiri kuchuluka kwa kudya kwa glucose;
• kuwonjezeka kumodzi kokha ngati zizindikiritso zimawonedwa.

Mayeso a kulolerana ndi glucose

Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa "kuphunzira pam katundu." Thupi "lolemedwa" ndi shuga wambiri (nthawi zambiri amapereka madzi kuti amwe ndi shuga g 75) ndipo kwa maola awiri amawunikira momwe amachotsera magazi mwachangu. Kuyesedwa kwa glucose ndiyo njira yovuta kwambiri yodziwira matenda ogwiritsira ntchito matenda a shuga; Kuzindikira kumachitika ngati glucose atatha 2 hours ≥ 11.1. Zotsatira pamwambapa 7.8 zikuwonetsa prediabetes.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a pakadali pano chimathandiza kupewa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha fetus, ndipo nthawi zina amapulumutsa moyo wa mwana. Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira matenda ashuga mwa amayi panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Iyenera kuperekedwa pa masabata 24-26.

>> Phunzirani: Momwe mungayesere kuyesa kwa glucose

Glycated Hemoglobin ndi Fructosamine

Ngati mukukayikira kuti matenda a shuga achedwa, ndipo matenda amtundu 2 adayamba kale asanapezeka, onani kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin (HG) m'magazi - hemoglobin ndi glucose. Kapangidwe ka GH mwachindunji kumadalira shuga m'matumba ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwake kwa miyezi itatu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuweruza kuwopsa kwa matendawa ndikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zovuta. Zotsatira zakuwunika kuchokera 6% zikuwonetsa prediabetes, oposa 6.5% - okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga. Chiyeso cha GH sichimangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira matenda a shuga, chimathandizanso mtundu wa chithandizo cha matenda.

Nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, ndi hemoglobin yotsika, mayeso a GH akhoza kukhala osadalirika. Mwanjira ina, assuct ya fructosamine imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimawonetsanso kuti glucose yonse imakwera, koma kwa nthawi yochepa - masabata awiri. Nthawi zambiri, fructosamine imatsimikiziridwa mu μmol / L; zotsatira pamwambapa 285 zimawonetsa matenda a shuga.

Urinalysis

Anthu athanzi sayenera kukhala ndi glucose mkodzo wawo. Kupezeka kwake mu zopitilira 2.89 mmol / L kungayambitse matenda angapo, chifukwa chake sizingatheke kuzindikira matenda a shuga kokha mwa kuwunika kwamikodzo. Mu matenda a shuga, shuga amalowa mkodzo pamene cholowa chaimpso m'mwazi chatha (pafupifupi 9 mmol / L mwa akulu, 11 mmol / L mwa ana). Kwa odwala matenda a shuga kuyambira zaka 65, kuphunzira shuga mu mkodzo sikunasinthe, popeza cholowa chawo chaimpso chimatha kusintha. Ngakhale ndizosavomerezeka, ndikuwunika kumeneku komwe kumatilola kuzindikira odwala matenda ashuga ambiri omwe samadziwa za matenda awo. Cholinga cha izi ndizosavuta - mkodzo umaperekedwa pafupipafupi kuposa shuga wamagazi.

Ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu, kudziwika kwa acetonuria - ma ketoni mumkodzo ndikofunikira. Maonekedwe ake akuwonetsa kuyambika kwa ketoacidosis, vuto lomwe likuwopseza kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga. Odwala omwe ali ndi ketoacidosis komanso odwala matenda a shuga muyenera kuchipatala mwachangu.

Werengani zambiri:

• kuopsa kwa acetone mu mkodzo;
• kusanthula kwa mkodzo malinga ndi Nechiporenko.

Kuyesedwa kwelebhu kokha ndi komwe kumatha kuzindikira matenda a shuga.

C peptide

Nthawi zina, mtundu wa matenda ashuga sungathe kutsimikiziridwa pokhapokha polemba komanso mayeso a shuga. Pozindikira mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zili mu C-peptide m'matombowo zimayesedwa. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, maselo a kapamba amawonongeka ndipo sangathenso kupanga insulin. Ma antibodies ku mahomoni nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magazi, kotero kuyesa kwa insulini sikungathandize. C-peptide imapangidwa nthawi imodzi ndi insulin, palibe ma antibodies kwa iwo, chifukwa chake, mwa kuchuluka kwake munthu akhoza kuweruza boma la kapamba.

Chizindikiro cha Autoimmune

Matenda a shuga 1 amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune m'maselo opanga insulin. Njira zamakono zofufuzira zimatha kuzindikira ma antibodies m'magazi ngakhale zotsatira zawo zoyipa zisanayambe. Tsoka ilo, palibe njira zabwino zodzitetezera, chifukwa chake kuyesa kwa antibody kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mtundu wa shuga.

90% ya odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu 1 amatha kupezeka:

Kuwunika kwa chidziwitso cha Autoimmune ndi chida chofunikira pakuwonera matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga. Zotsatira zabwino ndi shuga wokwera zimawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta ndi kufunika kwa insulin.

Ma lipids amwazi

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, zovuta zama carbohydrate ndi lipid metabolism nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi imodzi, ndikupanga zomwe zimatchedwa metabolic syndrome. Odwala odwala matenda a shuga amadziwika ndi mavuto okhala ndi kupanikizika, kunenepa kwambiri, kusokonekera kwa mahomoni, matenda a atherosulinosis ndi mtima, kusabala kwa amuna, ma ovary a polycystic.

Ngati mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga yazindikirika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa matendawa, odwala akulangizidwa kuti ayesedwe magazi a lipid. Izi zikuphatikiza cholesterol ndi triglycerides, ndikuwunika mozama, lipoprotein ndi VLDL cholesterol imatsimikizidwanso.

Mbiri yocheperako ya lipid imaphatikizapo:

Mukakumana ndi katswiri

Kusintha koyambirira, komwe kumatchedwa prediabetes, kumatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Gawo lotsatira la vutoli ndi matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, matendawa amatengedwa kuti ndi osachiritsika, sangathe kuchiritsidwa, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakakamizidwa kusintha miyoyo yawo nthawi zonse, kukhalabe owerengetsa magazi mothandizidwa ndi mapiritsi komanso insulin. Popita nthawi, matenda a shuga amapezeka m'magawo a odwala. Ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, gawo lalikulu la odwala limaloledwa kuchipatala ali ndi ketoacidotic precoma kapena chikomokere, ndipo ndi mtundu 2, matenda ayamba ndipo zovuta zayamba.

Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pochizira. Kuti mudziwe matendawa kumayambiriro kwake, ndikofunikira:

1. Chitani mayeso ololera a glucose nthawi zonse. Mpaka zaka 40 - kamodzi zaka zisanu, kuchokera zaka 40 - zaka zitatu zilizonse, ngati pali cholowa chobadwa nacho, zamafuta kwambiri komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi - chaka chilichonse.
2. Chitani mayeso osonyeza kuti mukusala shuga mu labotale kapena mita ya shuga wamagazi ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse lokhudza matenda ashuga.
3. Ngati zotsatira zake zili zapamwamba kapena pafupi ndi malire ake, pitani ku endocrinologist kuti mupeze matenda ena owonjezereka.