Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amafunikira chidziwitso komanso kulangidwa kwakukulu kuchokera kwa wodwala. Ngati sichingalandiridwe, posachedwa pamakhala zotsatirapo za kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi, ngati itagwiritsidwa ntchito molimbika, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kwa mankhwala, hypoglycemia imayamba.
Kuchepetsa kwambiri shuga m'magazi kumakhala koopsa kwambiri kuposa shuga wambiri, chifukwa kusintha m'thupi kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo thandizo la kuchipatala limatha mochedwa. Kuti mudziteteze ku zovuta za hypoglycemia, aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino dongosolo la kukula kwa vutoli, athe kudziwa kuchepetsedwa kwa shuga ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira, kudziwa momwe angaimitsire hypoglycemia yamisala yosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chakuti izi zimapangitsa kuti azindikire komanso kukomoka, kuphunzira malamulo osamalira mwadzidzidzi abale anu ndi anzanu sikungakhale kwina.
Hypoglycemia - ndi chiyani
Anthu athanzi saganiza nkomwe za zovuta zomwe zimachitika m'matupi awo mukatha kudya chakudya cham'mawa. Ziwalo zogaya zimakonzanso chakudya chamafuta, zimadzaza magazi ndi shuga. Kasitomala, poyankha kuwonjezeka kwa glucose, amapanga insulini yoyenera. Yotsirizirayi, imayimira minofu kuti nthawi yakudya, ndipo amathandizira kuti shuga alowe m'selo. Mphamvu zingapo zimachitika mchipindamu, pomwe glucose amagwera mu kaboni dayokiti ndi madzi, ndipo thupi limalandira mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira. Munthu akapita kukaphunzitsidwa, akatumba amafunika shuga wambiri, osowa adzabweza chiwindi. Pakudya kotsatira, masitolo ogulitsa shuga mu chiwindi ndi minofu yake adzabwezeretsedwa.
Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale
- Matenda a shuga -95%
- Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
- Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
- Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%
Mu matenda a shuga, odwala amakakamizika kuwongolera mankhwalawa pogwiritsira ntchito shuga ndikuwongolera kudya kwake komanso kusinthitsa mphamvu yake m'maselo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin. Mwachilengedwe, kukonza kwa glucose m'magazi sikungachite popanda kulakwitsa. Mwazi wamagazi ukakhala wopitilira, umayamba kuwononga mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha, hyperglycemia imachitika. Nthawi zina shuga sokwanira, ndipo hypoglycemia imayamba.
Ntchito ya wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kusinthaku kumakhala kocheperako, munthawi yake kuti athetse shuga wambiri m'magazi wamba. Shuga wopanda spikes mu shuga amatchedwa kulipidwa. Kuperekera kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali kokha komwe kumatsimikizira moyo wokangalika ndi wautali.
Zimayambitsa hypoglycemia
Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia ndizosiyanasiyana. Sipangokhala ndi kusowa kwa zakudya kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo a shuga, komanso kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi pazifukwa zathupi komanso chifukwa cha matenda a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana.
| Zimayambitsa hypoglycemia | Kufotokozera Mwachidule | |
| Zachilengedwe | ||
| Njala | Mwa anthu athanzi, kusowa kwa chakudya kumaphatikizapo njira zowonjezera mphamvu; shuga wochokera ku chiwindi amalowa m'magazi. Hypoglycemia imayamba pang'onopang'ono, kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga ndikofunikira. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a shuga, nkhokwe za glycogen ndizosafunikira, popeza wodwalayo amatsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Hypoglycemia imayamba msanga. | |
| Zochita zolimbitsa thupi | Ntchito yayitali ya minofu imafuna kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose. Pambuyo kuchepa mphamvu kwa chiwindi ndi minofu, kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumatsikanso. | |
| Kupsinjika | Mvutikano wamitsempha imayambitsa dongosolo la endocrine, limakulitsa kupanga insulin. Ndikusowa kwa glucose komwe kumafotokozera chikhumbo "chogwira" vutoli. Hypoglycemia yotere ikhoza kukhala yoopsa mu mtundu 2 wa shuga wokhala ndi chitetezo chachikulu cha pancreatic. | |
| Reactive hypoglycemia chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi yamafuta ambiri othamanga | Kasitomala amayankha kukwera msanga kwa shuga ndikumasulidwa kwa gawo la insulini ndi nkhokwe. Zotsatira zake, glucose wamagazi amachepetsedwa, thupi limafunikira mafuta atsopano kuti athetse hypoglycemia, kumverera kwanjala. | |
| Osakhalitsa hypoglycemia | Amawonedwa mwa akhanda omwe ali ndi glycogen yochepa. Zifukwa zake ndi kukhwima, matenda ashuga mwa mayi, kubadwa kosavuta ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa magazi mwa mayi kapena hypoxia mu mwana wosabadwayo. Mukayamba kudya, glucose amasintha. Mu zovuta, transistor hypoglycemia amachotsedwa ndi mtsempha wamagazi a shuga. | |
| Hypoglycemia wabodza | Amayamba ngati shuga wodwala m'magazi amatsika kwambiri ku mfundo zoyenera. Ngakhale ali ndi zofanana ndi hypoglycemia yowona, izi sizowopsa. | |
| Zamatsenga | ||
| Kutopa kapena kufooka | Glycogen ikagwa kwambiri, ngakhale mwa anthu athanzi, hypoglycemia imachitika. | |
| Matenda a chiwindi | Kuchepa kwa ntchito kwa chiwindi kumabweretsa mwayi wopezeka kwa glycogen depot kapena kufooka kwake. | |
| Matenda a endocrine | Hypoglycemia imabweretsa kuchepa kwa mahomoni omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kagayidwe ka shuga: adrenaline, somatropin, cortisol. | |
| Matenda am'mimba | Kuyamwa kosakwanira kwa chakudya cham'mimba chifukwa cha matenda ammimba. | |
| Kuperewera kwa enzyme kapena chilema | Njira zamamakanidwe osokoneza shuga zomwe zimasokonekera zimasokonekera, kusowa kwa zakudya zama cell kumalipidwa ndi kutsitsa glucose m'magazi. | |
| Kulephera kwina | Kubwezeretsanso kwa shuga kumakhala kofooka, chifukwa komwe kumatsitsidwa mkodzo. | |
| Mowa hypoglycemia | Mukamamwa, mphamvu yonse ya chiwindi imakhala ndi cholinga chothetsa kuledzera, kuphatikiza shuga kumalepheretsa. Makamaka owopsa ku matenda ashuga ndi mowa wopanda chithunzithunzi kapena zakudya zamagulu ochepa. | |
| Insulinoma | Pancreatic chotupa chotulutsa insulin yambiri. | |
Mu matenda a shuga, zolakwa zamankhwala zimapangitsanso hypoglycemia:
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.
- Atamwa mankhwalawo, wodwalayo amaiwala kudya.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa glucometer kapena insulin.
- Kuwerengeredwa molakwika kwa dokotala kapena matenda a shuga - kuwerengetsa kwa insulin.
- Njira yolakwika ya jakisoni - momwe mungayikitsire insulin.
- Kusintha insulini yotsika mtengo mwatsopano, ndikuchita bwino. Kusintha kwa insulin yayifupi kukhala kwa ultrashort popanda kusintha kwa Mlingo.
Zomwe zimawonedwa
Kukula kwa zizindikiro kumawonjezeka pamene shuga m'magazi akutsikira. Hypoglycemia yofatsa imafunikira chithandizo mkati mwa theka la ola pambuyo poyambira, apo ayi kuchepa kwa glucose kumachitika. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikirazo zimatchulidwa ndipo zimadziwika ndi odwala. Ndi hypoglycemia pafupipafupi, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga, mwa anthu okalamba komanso odwala matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro zimatha. Mwa odwala, mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic ndiwopamwamba kwambiri.
| Gawo la hypoglycemia | Zizindikiro za shuga, mol / l | Kutha kuyimitsidwa | Zizindikiro |
| Zosavuta | 2.7 <GLU <3.3 | Amachotsedwa mosavuta ndi wodwala matenda ashuga. | Kukopa kwa khungu, kunjenjemera kwamkati ndi kugwedezeka kwa zala, chikhumbo champhamvu cha kudya, nkhawa zopanda pake, nseru, kutopa. |
| Pakatikati | 2 <GLU <2.6 | Zosowa za ena | Mutu, kusayenda kosagwirizana, kuchuluka kwa malekezero, ana opukutira, mawu osakwanira, amnesia, kukokana, chizungulire, kusazindikira kokwanira pazomwe zikuchitika, mantha, kupsa mtima. |
| Zovuta | GLU <2 | Chithandizo chamankhwala chamtsogolo mwachangu | Hypertension, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima, kukomoka, kupuma komanso mtima. |
Hypoglycemia m'maloto imatha kuzindikirika ndi namata, khungu lozizira, kupuma pafupipafupi. Wodwala matenda a shuga amadzuka ku tulo tosokoneza, akadzuka amakhala kuti watopa.
Momwe mungaperekere thandizo loyamba
Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga akangomva zilizonse zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha hypoglycemia, nthawi yomweyo ayenera kuyeza shuga. Kuti muchite izi, nthawi zonse khalani ndi glucometer ndi mikwingwirima nanu. Chithandizo choyamba cha hypoglycemia ndi makonzedwe amkaka a chakudya chambiri. Chifukwa cha kukwera mosavuta kwa shuga, izi ndizokwanira kusintha matendawo.
Mchere wotsika kwambiri musanadye sichinali chifukwa chochedwetsa chithandizo cha hypoglycemia ndikuyembekeza kuti zakudya zimatha kuchotsa chakudya. Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimapereka mwayi wolepheretsa kuti shuga azigaya mosavuta, motero hypoglycemia imatha kulimba ngakhale chakudya chisagonje.
Mpumulo wa hypoglycemia kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko umachitika pogwiritsa ntchito miyala ya glucose. Amachita zinthu mwachangu kuposa njira zina, popeza kumiza m'magazi pakugwiritsa ntchito kumayambira ngakhale pakamwa, kenako ndikupitilira m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi kumapangitsa kuti kusavuta kuwerengere kuchuluka kwa glucose, komwe kumachotsa hypoglycemia, koma sikungatsogolera ku hyperglycemia.
Pafupifupi, mwa munthu wodwala matenda a shuga olemera makilogalamu 64, 1 g shuga amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi 0.28 mmol / L. Ngati kulemera kwanu kuli kokulirapo, mutha kuwerengera pafupifupi piritsi la shuga pamitsempha yama shuga pogwiritsa ntchito gawo losasinthika.
Ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 90, kuwonjezeka kwa 64 * 0.28 / 90 = 0,2 mmol / l kudzachitika. Mwachitsanzo, shuga adatsikira mpaka 3 mmol / L. Kuti mukweze mpaka pa 5, mufunika (5-3) / 0.2 = 10 g shuga, kapena mapiritsi 20 a 500 mg.
Mapiritsi oterewa ndiokwera mtengo, amagulitsidwa pa mankhwala aliwonse. Mu matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kugula mapaketi angapo nthawi imodzi, kuziyika kunyumba, kuntchito, m'matumba onse ndi m'matumba azovala zakunja. Kuti muthane ndi hypoglycemia, shuga m'magome amayenera kukhala nanu nthawi zonse.
Mu uzitsine, shuga amatha kukweza msanga:
- 120 g la msuzi wokoma;
- chokoleti kapena zidutswa za chokoleti;
- Ma 2-3 awiri kapena supuni zambiri za shuga woyengedwa;
- 2 tsp uchi;
- 1 nthochi
- 6 masiku.
Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia mu matenda ashuga zimatha kutha ola limodzi chitatha shuga. Si owopsa ndipo safuna kudya maswiti owonjezera.
Kodi mungatani ndi kusiya hypoglycemia?
Wodwala matenda ashuga atayamba kale kufa ndi vuto laubongo, sangathe kudzipulumutsa. Ndikosavuta kuthana ndi kuphwanya kwa kuthekera kwa kutafuna chakudya, ndiye kuti shuga ayenera kuperekedwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi: mwina ndi mankhwala ena apadera kuchokera ku pharmacy kapena shuga kapena uchi wosungunuka m'madzi. Ngati pali chizolowezi chochita bwino, kuwonjezera apo wodwalayo ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chopatsa mphamvu cha 15 g. Itha kukhala mkate, phala, makeke.
Wodwala matenda ashuga akayambanso kugona, samatha kupatsidwa shuga pakamwa chifukwa choopseza kukomoka. Pankhaniyi, mankhwalawa a hypoglycemia amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wamitsempha kapena subcutaneous wa glucagon. Mankhwala amagulitsidwa ku pharmacy monga zida zadzidzidzi za shuga. Kitayo imaphatikizapo kesi ya pulasitiki, syringe yokhala ndi zosungunulira komanso botolo la glucagon ufa. Chophimba cha vial chimalowetsedwa ndi singano, madzi amamwekedwa. Popanda kufikira singano, vialyo imagwedezeka bwino, ndipo mankhwalawo amatengedwanso mu syringe.
Glucagon imathandizira kutuluka kwa shuga, ndikupangitsa chiwindi ndi minofu kusiya zotsalira za glycogen. Pakatha mphindi 5 jekeseni, wodwalayo abwereranso ku kuzindikira. Ngati izi sizingachitike, malo ogulitsira a glucose wodwala amakhala atamalizidwa kale ndipo jekeseni wachiwiri sikungathandize. Muyenera kuyitanira ambulansi, yomwe ingabayire shuga m'mitsempha.
Ngati matenda ashuga ali bwino, pakatha mphindi 20 amatha kuyankha mafunso, ndipo patatha ola limodzi, pafupifupi zonse zimatha. Pakupita tsiku limodzi pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa glucagon, shuga wamagazi amayenera kupatsidwa chidwi, maola awiri aliwonse kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Kugwa mobwerezabwereza kwa zizindikiro pakadali pano kumakhala kofulumira komanso koopsa.
Zoyenera kuchita munthu wodwala matenda ashuga akafa:
- Ngati pali glucometer, yesani shuga.
- Potsika kwambiri, yesani kutsanulira madzi okoma mkamwa mwake, kuonetsetsa kuti wodwalayo akumeza.
- Ngati palibe glucometer, tiyenera kulingalira kuti kupereka chakudya kwa odwala matenda ashuga sikwangozi kuposa kusaupatsa.
- Ngati kumeza kuli ndi vuto, perekani glucagon.
- Ikani wodwala kumbali yake, chifukwa amayamba kusanza.
- Ngati zinthu sizikuyenda bwino, itanani ambulansi.
Kuopsa kotani?
Popanda thandizo, chikomokere cha hypoglycemic chimachitika, chifukwa chosowa zakudya, maselo a ubongo amayamba kufa. Ngati njira zoyambitsanso sizinayambike pakadali pano, zotsatila za hypoglycemia zitha kupha.
Kodi chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia ndi chiani:
- Zolemba pafupipafupi zimapangitsa kuti zizindikirazo zitheke, kupangitsa kuti kuphonya shuga kuchulukuke.
- Kuperewera kwambiri kwaubongo kumapangitsa kuti muzitha kukumbukira, kusanthula, kuganiza moyenera.
- Chiwopsezo cha ischemia ndi myocardial infarction chikukula.
- Pali angiopathy a miyendo ndi retina.
Mlandu uliwonse wa hypoglycemia umayenera kupendedwa mosamala, zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuzindikiritsa. Chifukwa cha amnesia, izi sizotheka nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake, ndi matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kusunga zolemba. Zimawonetsa kusinthasintha kwa shuga masana, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta ndi mankhwala omwe alandiridwa, zolimbitsa thupi zachilendo, milandu ya zakumwa zoledzera ndikuwonjezera kwa matenda oyanjana.
