Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amapezeka mu dongosolo la endocrine, lomwe limafotokozedwa pakuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi a anthu komanso kuchepa kwa insulin.
Matendawa amabweretsa kuphwanya kagayidwe ka chakudya, mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zikuwonetsa kuti anthu odwala matenda ashuga akuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Matendawa amakhudza oposa 10 peresenti ya anthu onse m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Matenda a shuga amapezeka pamene insulin sikokwanira kulamula kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Insulini ndi timadzi tomwe timapangidwa ngati zikondamoyo za Langerhans.
Hormone iyi imakhala gawo la chakudya, mapuloteni komanso mafuta a metabolism mu ziwalo zamunthu. Kagayidwe kazakudya zimatengera kudya kwa shuga m'maselo am'matumbo.
Insulin imayambitsa kupanga shuga ndikuwonjezera masitolo a shuga a chiwindi ndikupanga gawo lapadera la glycogen carbohydrate. Kuphatikiza apo, insulini imathandizira kupewa kuchepa kwa chakudya chamagulu.
Insulin imakhudzanso kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi makamaka mwa kupititsa patsogolo kumasulidwa kwa mapuloteni, ma acid a nucleic ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.
Insulin imagwira ngati othandizira glucose ku maselo amafuta, imathandizira kumasulidwa kwa zinthu zamafuta, imalola maselo a minofu kulandira mphamvu zofunikira ndikuletsa kufalikira kwamaselo am'magazi. Kuphatikiza kwa timadzi timeneti kumathandizira kulowa mu minofu ya ma cell a sodium.
Magwiridwe antchito a insulin amatha kusokonezeka ngati thupi limakumana ndi kuperewera kwakukulu pa nthawi ya chimbudzi, komanso mphamvu ya insulin pazinthu za ziwalo.
Kuperewera kwa insulini m'matumbo am'mimba kumatha kuchitika ngati zikondamoyo zasokoneza, zomwe zimatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa zislets za Langerhans. Zomwe zimayambitsa kubwezeretsa mahomoni omwe akusowa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga
Type 1 shuga mellitus imachitika ndendende ndi kusowa kwa insulin mthupi chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwa kapamba, pomwe maselo osakwana 20 peresenti ya maselo otha kugwira ntchito kwathunthu amakhala.
Matenda amtundu wachiwiri amachitika ngati mphamvu ya insulin idalephera. Pankhaniyi, pamakhala mkhalidwe womwe umatchedwa insulin.
Matendawa akufotokozedwa kuti chizolowezi cha insulin m'magazi chimakhala chokhazikika, komabe, sichichita nawo minofu moyenera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo.
Ngati m'magazi mulibe insulin yokwanira, shuga sangathe kulowa mokwanira mu cell, chifukwa, izi zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala owonjezeka. Chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa njira zina zosinthira shuga, sorbitol, glycosaminoglycan, hemoglobin ya glycated imadziunjikira mu minofu.
Nawonso, sorbitol nthawi zambiri imayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda amkati, imasokoneza magwiridwe antchito ang'onoang'ono, ndipo imasokoneza dongosolo lamanjenje. Glycosaminoglycans amakhudza mafupa ndipo amawononga thanzi.
Pakadali pano, njira zina zothandizira shuga m'magazi sizokwanira kupeza mphamvu zonse. Chifukwa chophwanya kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi, kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zama protein amaperewera, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni kumawonedwanso.
Ichi chimakhala chifukwa chomwe munthu ali ndi kufooka kwa minofu, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi minofu yamatumbo amalephera. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopweteka, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone omwe amakhala ngati zinthu za metabolic zimachuluka m'magazi.
Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa anthu zimatha kukhala zamitundu iwiri:
- Autoimmune;
- Idiopathic.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo a autoimmune zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa mphamvu kwa chitetezo chathupi. Ndi chitetezo chofooka, ma antibodies amapangidwa m'thupi lomwe limawononga ma cell a islets a Langerhans mu kapamba, omwe amachititsa kuti insulini itulutsidwe.
Njira ya autoimmune imachitika chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika ndi ma virus, komanso chifukwa cha zochita za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, nitrosamines ndi zina zapoizoni m'thupi.
Zomwe zimayambitsa idiopathic zimatha kukhala njira zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga, omwe amayamba okha.
Chifukwa chiyani mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umachitika
Mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndichizolowezi, komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo wopanda thanzi komanso kukhalanso ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono.
Zomwe zimapangidwira matenda a shuga a 2 ndi awa:
- Kubadwa kwamunthu;
- Kunenepa kwambiri;
- Zakudya zopanda pake;
- Kupanikizika pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali;
- Kukhalapo kwa atherosulinosis;
- Mankhwala
- Kukhalapo kwa matenda;
- Nthawi ya pakati; uchidakwa.
Kubadwa kwamunthu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu pazinthu zonse zomwe zingatheke. Wodwala akakhala ndi wachibale yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, pamakhala chiopsezo choti matenda a shuga angawonekere chifukwa cha kutengera kwa chibadwa.
Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi 30 peresenti, ndipo ngati abambo ndi amayi ali ndi nthendayi, mwa 60 peresenti ya omwe amadwala matendawa amapatsidwa ndi mwana. Ngati chibadwidwe chilipo, chimatha kuyamba kudziwoneka kale muubwana kapena unyamata.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi la mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lotengera majini kuti muchepetse kukula kwa matendawa munthawi yake. Matenda a shuga akangopezedwa, amachepetsa mwayi woti matendawa athe kufalikira. Mutha kuthana ndi matendawa powonera zakudya zinazake.
Kunenepa kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ichi ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe chimatsogolera pakupanga shuga. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa matenda ashuga a 2. Ndi chidzalo kapena kunenepa kwambiri, thupi la wodwalayo limakhala ndi minofu yambiri ya adipose, makamaka pamimba.
Zizindikiro zotere zimabweretsa kuti munthu ali ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha zotsatira za insulin ya ma cell a cellular mthupi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chomwe odwala onenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake, kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakubadwa kwamatenda, ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya zawo ndikudya zakudya zabwino zokha.
Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Ngati chakudya cha wodwalayo chimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta ndi fiber sizinawonedwe, izi zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga mwa anthu.
Kupanikizika pafupipafupi komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Zindikirani apa:
- Chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwapafupipafupi komanso zokumana nazo zamagazi m'magazi a munthu, kudzikundikira kwa zinthu monga catecholamines, glucocorticoids, komwe kumayambitsa kuwoneka kwa matenda ashuga mwa wodwala, kumachitika.
- Makamaka chiopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi mwa anthu omwe achulukitsa thupi komanso mtundu wakubadwa.
- Ngati palibe zoyambitsa chisangalalo chifukwa chakubadwa, ndiye kuti kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe kungayambitse matenda a shuga, omwe angayambitse matenda angapo nthawi imodzi.
- Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa insulini kumveketse ma cell a thupi. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti nthawi zonse, khalani odekha komanso osadandaula zazing'ono.
Kukhalapo kwa atherosulinosis wa nthawi yayitali, matenda oopsa, matenda a ischemic Mitima. Matenda a nthawi yayitali amatsogolera kuchepa kwa chidwi cha minyewa yam'mimba kupita ku insulin ya mahomoni.
Mankhwala. Mankhwala ena angayambitse matenda ashuga. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- okodzetsa
- glucocorticoid mahomoni opanga,
- makamaka thiazide okodzetsa,
- mankhwala ena a antihypertensive,
- mankhwala antitumor.
Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka maantibayotiki, kumayambitsa kuti shuga asagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti matenda a shuga.
Kukhalapo kwa matenda. Matenda a Autoimmune monga matenda a adrenal cortex osakwanira kapena autoimmune chithokomiro angayambitse matenda ashuga. Matenda opatsirana amakhala chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, makamaka pakati pa ana asukulu ndi ana asukulu, omwe nthawi zambiri amadwala.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha matenda, monga lamulo, ndikotengera kwa chibadwa cha ana. Pachifukwa ichi, makolo, podziwa kuti wina m'banjamo ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi la mwana momwe angathere, osayamba chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana, ndikuchita mayeso a glucose pafupipafupi.
Nthawi yamimba. Izi zitha kuyambitsanso kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo ngati njira zoyenera zoletsedwera komanso chithandizo sichinatenge nthawi. Mimba monga izi sizingayambitse matenda ashuga, pomwe zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso kutengera kwa chibadwa zimatha kuchita bizinesi yawo yobisika.
Ngakhale azimayi atafika pa nthawi yoyembekezera, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya mosasamala ndipo musalole kuti azingodya kwambiri mafuta. Ndikofunikanso kuti usaiwale kukhala moyo wakhama komanso kuchita masewera apadera kwa amayi apakati.
Kuledzera komanso kusuta fodya. Zizolowezi zoipa zimatha kupusitsanso wodwalayo ndikuyambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Zakumwa zokhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimapha maselo a beta a kapamba, omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa ayambe.
