Pokhala chida chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri cha chakudya cham'mimba, kapamba amapanga ma enzyme angapo omwe amatenga gawo mu metabolism ya zinthu.
Chiwalochi chikawonongeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, ntchito ya neuroendocrine siyichita mokwanira, zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo pantchito komanso kuwoneka kwa zovuta zingapo. Chimodzi mwa matenda owopsa komanso owopsa pakalipano ndi khansa.
Zosankha zotsatirazi zamankhwala othandizira pancreatic oncology:
- Molunjika chotupa chomwe chimapezeka mu chiwalo. Amasankhidwa kutengera mtundu wa njirayi m'magawo anayi. Lachinayi, metastases kwa ziwalo zina zamkati zimawonekera;
- Metastatic lesion ya kapamba pamene lesion yoyamba ili mgulu lina. Nthawi zambiri, zotupa zotere zimachitika pamene chotupa chachikulu ndi khansa yam'mimba kapena impso (adenocarcinoma).
Ma metastases amawoneka pamene thupi latopa ndikulimbana ndi chotupa cha khansa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe lilipo. Imakula, imakhala yayikulu ndipo imapanga maselo, omwe amatchedwa metastases. Zimagawidwa mthupi lonse laumunthu, zimaphatikizidwa ndi ziwalo zamkati ndi minofu, momwe zimakula kwambiri, ndikupanga yachiwiri yachiwiri yokhazikika. Pali mitundu ingapo ya kufalikira kwa khungu la khansa:
- Hemato native, momwe maselo amatengedwa kudzera mthupi kudzera muzozungulira;
- Lymphogenic - maselo a khansa amalowa mu mawonekedwe a mwanabele;
- Kuphatikizika. Mtunduwu umatheka gawo lathanzi likalumikizana ndi yowonongeka ndipo maselo nkukulira.
Kapangidwe ka metastases ndi nkhani ya nthawi, chifukwa amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Koma matendawa akapezeka kumayambiriro, amatha kuchiritsidwa. Ngati matendawa apezeka pambuyo pakuwoneka kuti ndi yachiwiriyo, mankhwalawo amangowathandizira.
Nthawi zambiri, wodwala sangadziwe nthawi yomweyo kuti njira yokhazikitsira yachiwiriyo yayamba kale, chifukwa metastases imodzi imawoneka. Kwa nthawi yayitali, sangadziwonetse mwanjira iliyonse. Pali zisonyezo zingapo zomwe zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono panjira yake:
- Maonekedwe a ululu wopweteka kwambiri m'chigawo cha epigastric (nthawi zambiri uwu ndi hypochondrium wamanzere ndikubwerera kumbuyo kumbuyo). Popita nthawi, zowawa zotere zimakulirakulira, ndipo wodwalayo sangachite popanda opanikizana;
- Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri kwa odwala;
- Kusowa kwazitsulo kwina konse mthupi, komwe kumayambitsa kuchepa magazi;
- Kutopa, kufooka kosalekeza;
- Chopondapo chopindika (m'mimba);
- Pa gawo 4, kuledzera khansa kwa chamoyo chonse kumawonedwa bwino.
Monga asayansi azindikira, ma metastases mu kapamba samawonekera nthawi zambiri. Chiwalochi chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi khansa ya m'mimba komanso a impso adenocarcinoma.
Ngati chotupa chikukhudzana ndi kapamba palokha, metastase nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati ziwalo monga:
- Chiwindi. Zimakhudza pang'ono peresenti ya 50 ya milandu. Kutsekemera kotereku kumalumikizidwa ndi kusefa ntchito kochitidwa ndi minyewa ya chiwindi ndikutulutsa magazi ambiri, ndikutuluka komwe chiwalo chake chimakonda kudwala. Chotupa cha pancreatic ndi metastases ya chiwindi ndizofala komanso zodziwika;
- Peritoneum ndi danga lobwezeretsa;
- Mapapu
- Ma lymph Mwa iwo, metastases nthawi zambiri imawonekera koyamba. Amakhala pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya metastase ku khansa ya kapamba;
- Malo ena akutali kwambiri pamsana ndi ziwalo zina.
Nthawi zambiri, metastases imawonekera kale kuposa chotupa chachikulu, chifukwa chake, pochita njira zodziwitsa, madokotala amatenga ngati neoplasm yayikulu.
Kuzindikira kwa metastases mu oncology ndikovuta.
Izi ndichifukwa choti ma cell a khansa sangathe kudziwonetsa kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kupezeka kwawo kusatheka.
Pofuna kudziwa matendawa, mankhwala amakono amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mitu ikuluikulu ndi:
- Mitundu yonse yoyesa magazi kupezeka kwa zolemba zotupa;
- Ultrasound tomography, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipeze metastases mu kapamba;
- Kuphatikizidwa kwa tomography kumapangitsa kuti athe kuyang'ana chofufumimba kuchokera kumatanthwe osiyanasiyana ndikuwona kukula ndi mawonekedwe a neoplasm;
- Kulingalira kwa magnetic kupatsirana kwa kapamba kumachitika mosiyana, komwe wodwala amatenga pakamwa;
- Kufufuza komwe maselo amatengedwa kuchokera ku neoplasm yokha ndikuphunzira kwawo mopitilira.
Pazinthu zamatenda monga pancreatic metastasis, njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi vuto la wodwalayo.
Pankhaniyi, kusanthula konse komwe kumapezeka pamayeso, deta ya wodwala payekha, momwe alili, komwe chotupa chachikulu ndi njira zamankhwala zimaphunziridwira.
Njira zofala kwambiri zochizira ma metastases mu gland ndi:
- Kuthandizira othandizira;
- Radiotherapy (nthawi zina molumikizana ndi opaleshoni);
- Chemotherapy
Pakadali pano, imodzi mwazithandizo zamakono zam metastasis, zomwe zili ndi ndemanga zambiri, ndi radiosurgery, yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha mpeni wapadera wamagetsi wopangidwa ndi asayansi. Njira yachipatala yotereyi ilibe magazi komanso yopanda ululu kwa odwala ndipo imachitidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochita kupanga.
Chemotherapy mankhwalawa pancreatic metastases amachitidwa kuti ateteze chotupa pambuyo pochita opaleshoni. The oncologist amawona kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mankhwalawa atenga. Nthawi zambiri, njirayi imatenga miyezi ingapo, pomwe kukula kwa maselo a khansa ndikufalikira kwina kumaletsedwa ndi mankhwala apadera.
Chemotherapy pamlingo wina imachepetsa mkhalidwe wa odwala ndikulola kutalikitsa moyo wawo, komabe, imakhala ndi zovuta zingapo komanso contraindication.
Khansa ya kapamba ndimatenda osowa. Type 1 shuga mellitus, chifuwa chachikulu chimayang'aniridwa monga machitidwe a kumata, omwe amayenera kuthandizidwa ndikuwusunga nthawi zonse.
Pakadali pano, madotolo, pozindikira kupezeka kwa metastases mu khansa m'matupi athupi, amapereka chidziwitso chosavomerezeka. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zotheka kugwira ntchito, amatha mpaka 12% kupulumuka. Ngati kuchotsedwa kwa lesion yachiwiri sikunachitike, ndiye kuti kupulumuka kwa zaka 5 ndikochepa.
Pankhani yopeza gawo lotsiriza komanso kufalikira kwa metastases, nthawi yamoyo ndi pafupifupi chaka.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi khansa ya kapamba zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
