Insulin ndiye timadzi tamoyo tambiri. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa mosavuta chifukwa chakuti chinthuchi ndichopanga shuga, chomwe sichingalowe m'maselo popanda thandizo.
Munthu aliyense wathanzi m'magazi amakhala ndi insulin yokwanira kuphatikiza ndi shuga thupi lonse. Ngati atapangidwa ochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mkhalidwewo umakhala utasinthasintha m'magazi a shuga wamagazi ndi kufa kwamaselo. Zikakhala zotere, matenda a hyperglycemia amakula ndikukula kwa dystrophy kumayamba.
Ngati kupanga insulini kudwala, matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri akhoza kuyamba. Poyamba, insulini siyipangidwa konse, ndipo chachiwiri, ndizopanda ntchito m'maselo a thupi, chifukwa shuga sangathe kupatsidwanso shuga.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali gawo lotere la matenda pamene pali zovuta za glucose ndi insulin, koma matenda a shuga sangapezekebe. Mkhalidwe wofananira wa thupi umatchedwa prediabetes. Kuti mupeze kuzindikira koyenera posachedwa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala yemwe angakulangizeni kuti mukayezetsenso shuga.
Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa insulin ndi kupanga thupi?
Insulin ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuti ikhale ndi minofu yambiri, ndipo pafupifupi maphunziro onse omwe othamanga amakonzekera sangachite popanda mahomoni awa. Omwe amachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso omanga thupi, akudziwa kuti insulin ili ndi anabolic komanso anti-catabolic effect.
Homoni iyi ndiyotchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakuti imatha kudziunjikira mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, pomwe maphunziro ake nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta, iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Insulin, yolowa m'magazi, imapereka shuga, mafuta ndi ma amino acid ku cell iliyonse yam'matumbo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke mofulumira.
Kuphatikiza apo, insulini imathandizira mwachangu kuwonjezera masewera othamanga komanso kupirira. Kuchulukitsa kwa glycogen ndikuchira msanga kumachitika mthupi.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa
Aliyense womanga thupi azikumbukira kuti insulini yochepa kwambiri ndiyomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipomwe maphunzirowo amayenda momwe angathere. Ndikofunikanso kwambiri kuti muphunzire kuzindikira momwe thupi liliri ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika kwambiri (hypoglycemia). Zizindikiro zake ndi:
- thukuta;
- kugwedezeka kwamiyendo;
- kukoka kwamtima;
- kamwa yowuma
- kukwiya mopitirira muyeso kapena kukokomeza mosaganizira.
Maphunziro a jakisoni amayenera kuyamba ndi mlingo wa 4 IU ndikuwonjezera nthawi iliyonse ndi 2 IU. Kuchuluka kwa insulini ndi 10 IU.
Jakisoni amachitidwa mosazindikira m'mimba (pansi pa khosi). Izi zikuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ndi syringe yapadera ya insulin, momwe jekeseni wa insulin ingapezeke patsamba lathu.
Kuyimitsa hypoglycemia, ndipo maphunziridwe ake ndikumaphunzirira insulin amathanso kuyenda limodzi ndi malo ogulitsa zakudya (protein) ya Whey protein (50 g) ndi ma carbohydrate (fructose kapena dextrose) mogwirizana ndi 8-10 g pa 1 IU ya insulin.
Ngakhale pambuyo pa theka la ola hypoglycemia sichinachitike, ndiye kuti mukufunikabe kumwa chakumwa chotere.
Ndikofunikira kuti kunenepa kuzilamulira zakudya, zomwe ndi:
- chakudya chokha kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta;
- mapuloteni ayenera kukhalapo momwe angathere;
- mafuta ayenera kuchepetsedwa.
Ngakhale mukumwa insulin, kudya mafuta osavuta osaphatikizidwa kuyenera kupatula.
Tisaiwale kuti muyenera kudya pang'ono komanso nthawi zambiri. Njira za metabolism m'thupi zimachepetsedwa ngati chakudya chimadyedwa zosakwana 3 pa tsiku. Ponena za osewera omwe amachita maphunziro apulogalamuyi komanso nthawi yomweyo kumwa mankhwala a insulin, zakudya zoyenera panthawiyi ndizomwe zimayambira ntchito yonse.
Kunenepa kwambiri
Jakisoni wa insulini uyenera kuchitika ola limodzi mutadzuka. Chotsatira, muyenera kudikirira theka la ola ndikumwa kapuloteni kapadera (ngati hypoglycemia sinachitike kale). Pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kudya chakudya cham'mawa, osayiwala mtundu wa chakudya. Ngati izi sizingaganiziridwe, ndiye kuti m'malo momanga minofu, njira yopeza mafuta iyamba, chifukwa insulin imakakamiza thupi kuyamwa pafupifupi kalori yonse yomwe yalandilidwa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika maphunzirowa.
Ngati jakisoni amapangidwa tsiku lililonse, maphunzirowa atha mwezi umodzi. Ndi jakisoni pokhapokha masiku ophunzitsira, nthawi imeneyi imawonjezera mpaka miyezi iwiri.
Pakati pa maphunziro a insulin, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse nthawi yofanana ndi maphunziro ake. Chiwembucho chidzapereka katatu kokha, kuyesa konse sikudzapereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Zikhala zofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa, kapena kuyambitsa jakisoni musanaphunzire komanso mutamaliza maphunziro, komabe, njira zopitilira izi ndizosayenera.
Pali intravenous insulin regimen limodzi ndi amino acid solution. Ngakhale imagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndiyowopsa pazotsatira zake.
Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwa mahomoniwa kungayambitse kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa hypoglycemic, komanso kuphwanya kapamba ndi kudzikundikira kwamafuta a visceral. Koma ngati mukudziwa momwe mungatengere insulin pomanga thupi, ndiye kuti zotsatirapo zake zidzakhala zosiyana kotheratu!
Chitsimikizo chokha chachitetezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito kwa insulin kotereku kuti mukhale ndi minofu yayikulu ndi momwe mawonekedwe a jakisoni angachitike moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala kapena mphunzitsi wamasewera. Komabe, lamuloli silothandiza konse.
