Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, omwe nthawi zambiri samatha. Odwala ena amatha kusintha matenda a shuga m'magazi - munjira imeneyi amatchedwa kubwezeretsa matendawa.
Kupeza zotulukapo zotere kumatheka kokha chifukwa cha zovuta kuchipatala ndikutsatira kwathunthu malangizo onse a dokotala. Kulipidwa kwabwino kwa mtundu wa 1 kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 kumateteza ku chiopsezo cha zovuta ndipo kumabweretsa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kufupi ndi pafupifupi anthu athanzi.
Kutengera magawo a chiphuphu, mitundu ingapo ya matendawa imasiyanitsidwa:
- Malipiro a shuga a shuga;
- Kubweza;
- Zolipidwa.
Kubweza ndi gawo lapakati pakati pa magawo awiri oyamba. Matenda a shuga ophatikizika ndiwowopsa kwambiri - ndi nthawi imeneyi pamene chiopsezo chotenga zovuta zomwe zimawopseza moyo wa wodwala ndizambiri.
Nchiyani chomwe chikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti mufike gawo la chindapusa? Chowonadi ndi chakuti chidziwitso chabwino cha chithandizo cha matenda amhupi amtundu uliwonse chimadalira wodwalayo yekha.
Dokotala amatha kupangana ndikuthandizani - koma ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a 1 kapena 2 a shuga yekha. Mutha kuwunika momwe mankhwalawa alili opindulitsa poyeza zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Magazi a shuga.
- Kukhalapo kwa acetone mu mkodzo.
- Mafuta amkodzo
Ngati zotsatirazi sizikhutiritsa, kusintha kuyenera kuthandizidwa pakudya ndi mankhwalawa a insulin.
Kodi ndizomwe zimapangidwira shuga
Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti matenda ashuga ndi kubwezeretsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali shuga. Ngati matenda amtundu wa matenda a 1 apezeka, insulin yowonjezera siyingagawidwe nayo.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, sikofunikira jekeseni wa insulin, bola ngati zakudya zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa, zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatsatiridwa mosamalitsa ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi zovomerezeka kuchitidwa. Mndandanda wazinthu zovomerezeka, kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwa zakudya nthawi zonse kumatsimikiziridwa payekha ndi adokotala. Makhalidwe a wodwala komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zake zimawerengedwa.
Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda ashuga, mfundo zoyambira pazakudya sizisintha:
- Kupatula kwathunthu kwa zinthu zophika buledi kuchokera ku ufa wa tirigu wanthawi yayikulu, maswiti, mchere, zakudya zonunkhira ndi mafuta;
- Chakudyacho chimayenera kulandira chithandizo chofatsa - kuphika, kutsitsa, kutsitsa, kuwotchera, kwambiri, kuphika pa grill kapena uvuni. Muyenera kusiya yokazinga mu mafuta ndi mbale;
- Zakudya zoyenera moyenera pankhani ya "bwino kawirikawiri, koma pang'ono ndi pang'ono";
- Kukana kwathunthu mafuta onse osweka mosavuta - makamaka shuga;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mchere pang'ono - osaposa magalamu 12 amaloledwa pa tsiku;
- Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie zimawerengeredwa mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, osati zochulukirapo.
Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti regimen ya matenda ashuga sikuti kungogwiritsa ntchito moyenera zakudya zovomerezeka. Mndandanda wa zochitika zofunika umaphatikizaponso:
- Onani pafupipafupi magazi anu ndi mkodzo wanu.
- Mkhalidwe wokhazikika wamaganizidwe - nkhawa za matenda amtundu uliwonse ndizowopsa.
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizovomerezeka.
Masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, komanso kusachita mokwanira, zimangokulitsa kuzindikira komweko. Zoyenera, muziyenda tsiku ndi tsiku, kuthamanga pang'ono m'mawa, kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndizolandilidwa nthawi zonse.
Nthawi zina mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri sulephera kubwezeredwa ngakhale zakudya zitatsatiridwa ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikokwanira. Kenako palibenso chinthu china koma kuyambitsa insulin. Umboni wotsimikizira kuti matendawo alipidwa bwino ndi izi:
- "Njala" hypoglycemia m'mawa - kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 5.5 Mmol / l;
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi - osatsika ndi 14090;
- Cholesterol - osapitirira 5.2 mmol / l;
- Glycated hemoglobin - kuyambira 6 mpaka 6.5%;
- Kuzunzidwa kwa shuga m'm maola awiri mutatha kudya - kuchokera pa 7.5 mpaka 8 mmol / l;
- Glycemia asanagone - kuyambira 6.0 mpaka 7.0 mmol / L.
Kutengera ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwazo, kuchuluka kwamalipiro kumatsimikizidwanso.
Malipiro Olipira Mtundu 1 ndi Matenda Awiri A shuga
Milingo yothandizira ndi umboni wodalirika kwambiri wa momwe chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimachitikira. Ngati chipukutira, kukula bwino kwa zinthu monga metabolic syndrome kumayima.
Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, izi zikutanthauza kusapezeka kwa zovuta zosafunikira monga kulephera kwa impso komanso matenda ashuga retinopathy. Ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, kupunduka kwa myocardial kumatha.
Ndi shuga wa mtundu uliwonse, kapena, mwanjira ina, kulipidwa pang'ono, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima chambiri chikukulirakulira.
Kuchepetsa matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa zovuta monga matenda a hyperglycemia. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhalabe okwera kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.
Glucose, yemwe amakhala kwambiri m'magazi, amalowa m'magazi ndi zinthu zina.
Kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa zombo zazing'ono komanso ma capillaries kumayamba mothandizidwa ndi izi. Zotsatira zake, ziwalo zambiri zimakhudzidwa, makamaka maso ndi impso.
Njira Zowerengera Ndalama
Mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kumayesedwa nthawi zonse kuti mukhale ndi lingaliro lowoneka bwino la momwe njira zosankhidwa zamankhwala zilili zothandiza. Upangiri wotsogola mulingo wa chiphuphu ndi izi:
- mkodzo acetone;
- shuga mu mkodzo ndi magazi;
- glycated hemoglobin;
- mbiri ya lipid;
- fructosamine.
Ena mwa iwo ndi ofunika kuwaganizira mwatsatanetsatane.
Glycated Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin ndi puloteni, yofunika kwambiri m'magazi, ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndiyo kutumiza mpweya m'maselo a minyewa. Chofunikira chake komanso kupadera kwake ndikutha kujambula mamolekyulu a oxygen ndikuwasamutsa.
Koma momwemonso, hemoglobin imatha kugwiritsanso mamolekyu a glucose. Pafupifupi - glucose + hemoglobin - amatchedwa glycated hemoglobin. Zimasiyana ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi moyo: osati maola ambiri, osati masiku, koma miyezi yonse.
Chifukwa chake, poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated m'magazi, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi miyezi iwiri yapitayo ndikuwonetsetsa mayendedwe ake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chizindikirochi ndichofunikira kwambiri ngati mukufuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsa kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena a 2.
Pofuna kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Njira yogwiritsira ntchito chitetezo;
- Ion amasinthana ndi chromatography.
Pakufufuza koyamba, muyezo wa hemoglobin wa glycated m'thupi lathanzi limachokera ku 4.5 mpaka 7.5%. Pakuunika kwachiwiri, 4.5-5.7%. Ngati chiphuphu chabwino chimadziwika, chizindikiro cha mtunduwu wa hemoglobin mu matenda ashuga ndi 6-9%. Kodi zimatanthawuza chiyani, malinga ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, hemoglobin ya glycated ikupitilira zomwe zikuwonetsedwa?
Izi zikusonyeza kuti njira zamankhwala zimasankhidwa molakwika, kuti magazi a wodwalayo akadali okwera kwambiri, ndipo amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga. Cholinga chake chingakhale:
- Kulephera kutsatira dongosolo la jakisoni wa insulin kapena mlingo wokwanira wa mankhwalawa;
- Mavuto azakudya;
- Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi;
- Kunyalanyaza malangizo a dokotala.
Popeza kuphatikiza kwa hemoglobin ndi glucose kumakhalabe m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwunikanso kumachitika patatha milungu ingapo mutatha kusintha kwa chithandizo.
Fructosamine
Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chotsatira chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mulipiri wazomwe anthu amafunika kuperekera matenda ashuga a mtundu uliwonse. Izi zimapangidwa ndi kumangiriza kwa mapuloteni a plasma ku glucose. Ngati plasma ndende ya fructosamine yachuluka, izi zikuwonetsa kuti mu masabata aposachedwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamwazi kwadutsa koposa.
Ndiye kuti, zomwe zikuwonetsa zomwe zili mu fructosamine zimathandiza osati kungoyesa molondola momwe wodwalayo aliri matenda a shuga 1 kapena mtundu 2, komanso kudziwa komwe kumayambira matendawa.
Ndende yokhazikika ya fructosamine m'magazi siopitilira 285 μmol / l. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amatha kuyamikiridwa - adapeza chiphuphu chabwino cha matendawa.
Ngati chizindikirocho chili chokwera, titha kulankhula za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga kapena matenda opatsika shuga. M'pofunika kukumbukira kuwopsa kwa myocardial infarction ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa mtima.
Lipidogram
Chizindikirochi sichofunika kwambiri, komanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mulingo woyipa wa matendawa. Zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa lipids (mafuta) m'magawo osiyanasiyana a magazi. Popereka kusanthula, mawonekedwe amasonyezera zomwe adotolo adachita. Pa kusanthula, njira ya patometricometomet imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Magawo ndi mamililitale pa lita imodzi.
Kuti apange mtundu wamtunduwu, nyemba zamwazi zimatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha. Pamaso pa izi simungathe:
- Idyani kwa maola 12;
- Kusuta;
- Khalani ndi mantha komanso nkhawa.
Ngati izi sizikwaniritsidwa, ndibwino kuchedwetsa kuwunikaku. Kuyeseraku kukutithandizanso kudziwa monga cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides, cohero ndi okwera, otsika komanso otsika kwambiri.
Ngati mfundo zovomerezeka zitha kupitirira, chiwopsezo cha matenda monga atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and dnessfunction ikuwonjezeka.
Shuga mkodzo ndi magazi
Kuwunikira pafupipafupi shuga mumkodzo ndi magazi, komanso acetone mu mkodzo, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti muchiritse bwino mankhwala. Mwazi wamagazi ungayesedwe kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera, muyenera kuchita izi osachepera 5 patsiku.
Ngati izi sizingatheke, muyenera kuyeza miyezo osachepera kawiri patsiku: mutadzuka m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu, musanadye, komanso musanayambe kugona, mutadya chakudya chamadzulo.
Ngakhale kutakhala kotheka kukwaniritsa zopweteketsa za matenda a shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kupitilizabe kuyendera akatswiri monga a mtima, endocrinologist, mano, matenda opatsirana pakufufuza.
