Pancreatic hormone, yomwe imayang'anira kuyendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi, imatchedwa insulin. Ngati palibe insulin yokwanira, izi zimayambitsa njira zamatenda, chifukwa cha zomwe shuga ya magazi imakwera.
Masiku ano, vutoli limathetsedwa mosavuta. Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumatha kuwongolera kudzera jakisoni wapadera. Imeneyi ndiye chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu woyamba komanso osakhala wachiwiri.
Mlingo wa mahomoni nthawi zonse umatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha, kutengera kuwuma kwa matendawo, momwe wodwalayo alili, kadyedwe kake, komanso chithunzi cha chipatala chonse. Koma kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulini ndikofanana kwa aliyense, ndipo kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo ndi malingaliro ena.
Ndikofunikira kuganizira malamulo a insulin Therapy, kuti mudziwe momwe mawerengeredwe a insulin amachitikira. Kodi pali kusiyanasiyana pakati pa kasamalidwe ka insulin pakati pa ana, ndi momwe angapangire insulin?
Zokhudza chithandizo cha matenda ashuga
Zochita zonse pakuchiza matenda a shuga zimakhala ndi cholinga chimodzi - uku ndiko kukhazikika kwa shuga m'thupi la wodwalayo. Chizolowezichi chimatchedwa kuti ndende, chomwe sichotsika kuposa 3.5, koma sichidutsa malire 6 a mayunitsi.
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa kapamba. Mwambiri, zochitika zoterezi zimayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka insulin, motero, izi zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi michere.
Thupi silingalandiranso mphamvu kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe chidya, limapeza shuga wambiri, yemwe samalowetsedwa ndi maselo, koma amangokhala m'magazi a munthu. Izi zikawonedwa, kapamba amalandila chizindikiro kuti insulin iyenera kupangidwa.
Koma popeza magwiridwe antchito ake ali ndi vuto, chida chamkati sichingagwire ntchito machitidwe am'mbuyomu, ophatikizidwa, kupanga kwa mahomoni kumakhala kuchepa, pomwe kumapangidwa pang'ono. Mkhalidwe wa munthu umakulirakulira, ndipo pakupita nthawi, zomwe zawo za insulin zikuyandikira zero.
Pankhaniyi, kukonza zakudya komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi sikokwanira, mudzafunika kukhazikitsidwa kwa mahomoni opanga. Muzochita zamakono zamankhwala, mitundu iwiri yamatenda amasiyanitsidwa:
- Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga (umatchedwa kuti insulin-amadalira), pamene kukhazikitsa kwa mahomoni ndikofunikira.
- Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga (osadalira insulini). Ndi matenda amtunduwu, nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira, zakudya zoyenera ndizokwanira, ndipo insulin yanu imapangidwa. Komabe, mwadzidzidzi, makonzedwe a mahomoni angafunikire kupewa kupewa hypoglycemia.
Ndi matenda amtundu 1, kupanga mahomoni m'thupi la munthu ndi kotsekedwa, chifukwa chomwe ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe zimasokonekera. Kuwongolera vutoli, kupezeka kwa maselo okhala ndi analog ya mahomoni okha ndi kumene kungathandize.
Chithandizo pa nkhaniyi ndi cha moyo. Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulandira jakisoni tsiku lililonse. Zovuta za insulin makonzedwe ndikuti ziyenera kuperekedwa munthawi yake kupatula vuto lalikulu, ndipo ngati kukomoka kumachitika, muyenera kudziwa chisamaliro chazomwe zili ndi vuto la matenda ashuga.
Ndi mankhwala a insulin othandizira odwala matenda a shuga omwe amakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuwongolera zomwe zili m'magazi, kusungirako magwiritsidwe a kapamba pamlingo wofunikira, kupewa kufooka kwa ziwalo zina zamkati.
Kuwerengera kwa Hormone kwa akulu ndi ana
Kusankhidwa kwa insulin ndi njira yomwe munthu amachita payekha. Chiwerengero cha malo olimbikitsidwa mu maola 24 chimayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi concomitant pathologies, m'badwo wa wodwalayo, "chidziwitso" cha matendawo ndi zina zina.
Kukhazikitsidwa kuti nthawi zambiri, kufunikira kwa tsiku la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sikupitilira gawo limodzi la mahomoni pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwake kwa thupi. Ngati lonjezoli latha, ndiye kuti kukulitsa zovuta kumakulirakulira.
Mlingo wa mankhwalawa amawerengedwa motere: ndikofunikira kuchulukitsa tsiku lililonse la mankhwalawa ndi kulemera kwa wodwala. Kuchokera pakuwerengera izi zikuwonekeratu kuti kuyambitsa kwa mahomoni kumadalira thupi la wodwalayo. Chizindikiro choyamba chimakhazikitsidwa kutengera zaka za wodwalayo, kuuma kwa matendawo komanso "zomwe adakumana nazo".
Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwala opangira insulin umasiyana:
- Pa gawo loyambirira la matendawa, osapitirira mayunitsi 0,5 / kg.
- Ngati matenda ashuga asanakwane chaka chimodzi amachiritsika, ndiye kuti mayunitsi 0,6 akuyenera.
- Ndi matenda oopsa a matenda, kusakhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi - 0,7 PISCES / kg.
- Mtundu wowola wa shuga ndi 0,8 U / kg.
- Ngati mavuto atawonedwa - 0,9 PISCES / kg.
- Pa mimba, makamaka, wachitatu trimester - 1 unit / kg.
Pambuyo pazomwe zalandiridwa patsiku, kuwerengera kumapangidwa. Pa kachitidwe kamodzi, wodwalayo sangathe kulowa magawo a 40, ndipo masana mlingo umasiyana kuchokera 70 mpaka 80 magawo.
Odwala ambiri samamvetsetsa momwe angawerengere mlingo, koma izi ndizofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, wodwala amakhala ndi thupi lolemera ma kilogalamu 90, ndipo mlingo wake patsiku ndi 0.6 U / kg. Kuti muwerenge, muyenera magawo 90 * 0.6 = 54. Uku ndiye kuchuluka kwathunthu patsiku.
Ngati wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuwonetsa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake ziyenera kugawidwa pawiri (54: 2 = 27). Mlingo uyenera kugawidwa pakati pa kasamalidwe ka m'mawa ndi madzulo, m'chiwerengero cha awiri kapena chimodzi. M'malo mwathu, awa ndi magawo 36 ndi 18.
Pa mahomoni "achidule" amakhalabe magawo 27 (kuchokera pa 54 tsiku lililonse). Iyenera kugawidwa pang'onopang'ono katatu asanadye, kutengera thupi lomwe wodwalayo akufuna kudya. Kapena, gawani ndi "magawo": 40% m'mawa, ndi 30% mgonero ndi madzulo.
Mu ana, kufunikira kwa insulin kumakulirapo kwambiri ndikakuyerekeza ndi akulu. Zomwe mulingo wa ana:
- Monga lamulo, ngati matenda angopezeka kumene, ndiye kuti pafupifupi 0,5 imayikidwa pa kilogalamu yolemera.
- Zaka zisanu pambuyo pake, mlingo umachulukitsidwa kukhala gawo limodzi.
- Muubwana, kuwonjezereka kumachitika kwa magawo 1.5 kapena 2.
- Kenako zosowa za thupi zimachepa, ndipo gawo limodzi ndilokwanira.
Nthawi zambiri, njira yoperekera mankhwala a insulini kwa odwala ochepa siinasinthe. Mphindi yokha, mwana wamng'ono sangadzipangire yekha jakisoni, chifukwa chake makolo ayenera kuiwongolera.
Hormone Syringes
Mankhwala onse a insulin amayenera kusungidwa mufiriji, kutentha komwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti asungidwe ndi 2-8 madigiri pamwamba 0. Nthawi zambiri mankhwalawa amapezeka mu cholembera chapadera cha syringe omwe ndi osavuta kunyamula ndi inu ngati mukufunikira kupanga jakisoni wambiri masana.
Zitha kusungidwa osaposa masiku 30, ndipo mphamvu za mankhwalazo zimatayika chifukwa cha kutentha. Ndemanga za odwala zimawonetsa kuti ndibwino kugula zolembera zomwe zimakhala ndi singano yomangidwa kale. Mitundu yotere ndi yotetezeka komanso yodalirika.
Pogula, muyenera kulabadira mtengo wogawa wa syringe. Ngati kwa wamkulu - ichi ndi gawo limodzi, ndiye kwa ana 0,5 mayunitsi. Kwa ana, ndikofunikira kusankha masewera amfupi komanso owonda omwe salinso mamilimita 8.
Musanalowetse insulin mu syringe, muyenera kuipenda mosamala kuti mutsatire malangizo a dokotala: kodi mankhwalawa ndi oyenera, ndiye phukusi lonse, ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala ambiri.
Insulin ya jakisoni iyenera kulembedwa motere:
- Sambani m'manja, mankhwalawa ndi antiseptic, kapena valani magolovesi.
- Kenako kapu yomwe ili pabotolo imatsegulidwa.
- Chitsamba cha botolo chimachiriridwa ndi thonje, chimanyowetsani mu mowa.
- Yembekezani kamphindi kuti mowa usanduke.
- Tsegulani phukusi lomwe lili ndi syringe ya insulin.
- Sinthani botolo la mankhwala mozungulira, ndikusonkhanitsani mlingo womwe umafunikira wa mankhwala (kuchuluka kwambiri mu bulble kungakuthandizeni kupeza mankhwala).
- Kokani singano ku vial ndi mankhwalawo, khazikitsani kuchuluka kwake kwa mahomoni. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mulibe mpweya mu syringe.
Pamafunika kupereka insulin yayitali, zotsatira zake ndi zomwe mankhwalawo amayenera "kukulira m'manja mwanu" mpaka mankhwalawo atatupa.
Ngati palibe mankhwala a insulin otayika, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chomwe chingagwiritsenso ntchito. Koma nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kukhala ndi singano ziwiri: kudzera m'modzi, mankhwala amawongoleredwa, mothandizidwa ndi achiwiri, makonzedwe amachitika.
Kodi insulini imagwirira ntchito motani ndipo?
Timadzi timadzi timatumba timene timalowa m'matumbo amafuta, apo ayi mankhwalawo sakhala ndi zotsatira zochizira. Kuyambitsa kumatha kuchitika m'mapewa, m'mimba, kumtunda kwa ntchafu yakunja, khola lakunja la gluteal.
Malingaliro a madotolo samalimbikitsa kuperekera mankhwalawo paphewa pawo, chifukwa mwina wodwalayo sangathe kupanga "khungu lolowera" ndikuwupatsa mankhwala mwachidwi.
Dera lam'mimba ndilofunikira kwambiri kusankha, makamaka ngati Mlingo wa mahomoni ofupikirako ukuperekedwa. Kudzera m'derali, mankhwalawa amamwa mwachangu kwambiri.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti dera la jakisoni liyenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse. Ngati izi sizichitika, mtundu wa mayamwidwe am'madziwo umasintha, pakakhala kusiyana m'magazi m'magazi, ngakhale kuti mulingo woyenera walowetsedwa.
Malamulo oyendetsera insulin samalola kubayidwa m'malo omwe amasinthidwa: zipsera, zipsera, mabala ndi zina zotero.
Kuti mulowetse mankhwalawa, muyenera kutenga syringe yokhazikika kapena cholembera. Ma algorithm ogwiritsira ntchito insulin ndi motere (tengani chifukwa kuti gawo la syringe lomwe lili kale ndi insulin):
- Chiritsani tsamba la jakisoni ndimasamba awiri omwe amakhala ndi mowa. Swab imodzi imakhala ndi malo ambiri, ndipo yachiwiriyo imagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa jekeseni wa mankhwala.
- Yembekezani masekondi makumi atatu mpaka mowa utasanduka.
- Dzanja limodzi limapanga khola lamafuta olowerera, ndipo dzanja linalo limalowetsa singano pamlingo wa madigiri 45 kuzungulira khola.
- Popanda kumasula makutuwo, kanikizani piston pansi ponseponse, jekeseni mankhwalawo, tulutsani syringe.
- Kenako mutha kulola kuti khungu lizitha.
Mankhwala amakono othandiza kukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa m'mapensulo apadera a syringe. Ndizosinthika kapena zotayikira, zimasiyana pa mlingo, zimabwera ndi singano zosinthika komanso zopangidwa.
Yemwe amapanga ndalamazo amapereka malangizo othandiza kuti ma hormone azioneka bwino:
- Ngati ndi kotheka, sakanizani mankhwalawa ndikugwedeza.
- Onani singano ndikutulutsa magazi mu syringe.
- Potani pakumapeto kwa syringe kuti musinthe mlingo womwe mukufuna.
- Pangani khola, ikani jakisoni (ofanana ndi kufotokozera koyamba).
- Tulutsani singano, mutatha kutseka ndi kapu ndi mipukutu, ndiye muyenera kutaya.
- Chomaliza kumapeto kwa njirayi, pafupi.
Momwe mungasungire insulin, ndipo chifukwa chiyani ikufunika?
Odwala ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi chifukwa chake insulin dilution ikufunika. Tiyerekeze kuti wodwala ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, ali ndi thupi lofooka. Tiyerekeze kuti insulini yocheperako imachepetsa shuga m'magazi awiri ndi magulu awiri.
Pamodzi ndi zakudya zamagulu ochepa odwala matenda ashuga, shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka mpaka magawo 7, ndipo akufuna kuwachepetsa mpaka magawo 5.5. Kuti achite izi, ayenera kubaya jekeseni imodzi ya mahomoni ofupikirapo (chithunzi pafupifupi).
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti "cholakwika" cha syringe 1 ya insulin ndi yolakwika. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, ma syringe amakhala ndi gawo logawanitsa magawo awiri, motero zimakhala zovuta kulemba imodzi, kotero muyenera kuyang'ana njira ina.
Ndi cholinga chochepetsera mwayi wobweretsa Mlingo woyenera, muyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi mankhwalawo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muthira mankhwalawa maulendo 10, ndiye kuti kulowa gawo limodzi muyenera kulowa magawo 10 a mankhwalawo, zomwe ndizosavuta kuchita ndi njirayi.
Mwachitsanzo pakupaka koyenera kwa mankhwala:
- Kuti muchepetse maulendo 10, muyenera kumwa gawo limodzi la mankhwalawo ndi magawo asanu ndi anayi a "solvent".
- Kuti muchepetse nthawi 20, gawo limodzi la mahomoni ndi magawo 19 a "zosungunulira" amatengedwa.
Insulin ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi mchere kapena madzi osungunuka, zakumwa zina ndizoletsedwa. Zakumwa izi zimatha kuchepetsedwa mwachindunji mu syringe kapena chosungira padera nthawi isanayambike. Kapenanso, mphatso yopanda kanthu yomwe kale inali ndi insulin. Mutha kusungitsa insulini yovomerezeka kwa maola osaposa 72 mufiriji.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafunikira kuyang'anitsitsa shuga m'magazi, ndipo amayenera kuwongolera kudzera jakisoni wa insulin. Njira yolowera ndiyosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwerengera molondola mlingo ndikulowa mafuta osaneneka. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuwonetsa njira yoperekera insulin.
