Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amakhudza munthu m'modzi pa anthu asanu ndi limodzi padziko lapansi. Kusokonezeka kwa kapamba, kusowa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya mosasamala kungayambitse kukula kwa matenda.
Ndi matenda a shuga, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia achulukitsidwa. Izi ndi zoopsa ku thanzi la munthu, chifukwa ngati ziyimitsidwa pakapita nthawi, amatha kukhala ndi chikomokere cha matenda ashuga kapena matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.
Kuukira kwa matenda ashuga ndikosavuta kuzindikira. Amayi ndi abambo ali ndi zizindikiro zawo. Pakakhala vuto, wodwalayo amakhala ndi chikumbumtima chosokonekera ndipo chimalira mtima chimasokonekera.
Amayambitsa ndi Zizindikiro za matenda a hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga momwe amawonjezera kwambiri shuga. Nthawi zambiri, mulingo wa glucose uyenera kukhala 5.5. Hyperglycemia imayendera limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga pamwambowu.
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chitukuko cha hyperglycemia chimachepera insulin m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chodya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta osavuta.
Ngakhale vuto la matenda a shuga mu shuga limatha kukhala chifukwa cha kupsinjika kapena kuchuluka kwa thupi. Komanso, matenda opatsirana amatha kuchulukitsa kwambiri shuga m'magazi.
Kodi matenda a shuga ndi otani? Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa vuto la hyperglycemic:
- Pakamwa pakamwa. Chizindikiro ichi chimapezeka mu 100% ya milandu. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, kamwa youma imayendera limodzi ndi ludzu lalikulu. Wodwala amatha kumwa madzi mu malita, koma ludzu la izi silitha.
- Kuyamwa mwachangu.
- Masomphenya opanda pake. Wodwala sangathe kuwona bwino zomwe zili pafupi. Masomphenya osazindikira akuwonetsa kukula kwa kuledzera kwambiri kwa thupi. Ngati wodwala sapatsidwa thandizo loyamba, akhoza kukhala ketoacidosis.
- Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
- Zowawa m'mimba. Pankhaniyi, ululu wammbuyo ndi paroxysmal mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri ululu umachepa kwa mphindi zochepa, kenako amabwerera mwamphamvu kwambiri.
- Kubweza Kusungunula kumachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera mpaka 10-15 mmol l.
Ngati chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga sichikudziwika munthawi yake, zizindikirazi zimakulirakulira. Popita nthawi, ketoacidosis iyamba kupita patsogolo.
Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amakhala ndi mutu wopweteka kwambiri, akuuma kutuluka mucous nembanemba, kusanza kosalekeza, kudula ululu m'mimba.
Zoyambitsa matenda a hypoglycemic
Hypoglycemia ndi mkhalidwe womwe shuga ya magazi imatsika kwambiri. Kodi kuukira kumayamba bwanji? Nthawi zambiri amakula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati dokotala yemwe wakupangayo wampatsa wodwala mapiritsi a insulin kapena mapiritsi ambiri kuti achepetse shuga.
Komanso, kusintha kwa ma pharmacokinetics a mankhwala ena kungayambitse kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimachitika ngati munthu wadwala chiwindi kapena impso. Komanso, ma pharmacokinetics amatha kusintha ngati pakubaya jakisoni wolakwika, ndipo insulin idalowa mu minofu. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kukonzekera kokha mosasuntha.
Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia zimaphatikizapo:
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwakutali. Ndi kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, minofu yake imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta za insulin, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia.
- Kuphwanya kwa adrenal gland kapena pituitary gland.
- Zolakwika mu zakudya. Ngati munthu sanadye chakudya chokwanira chokwanira kupangira mlingo wa insulin, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi vuto limakulirakulira.
- Gastroparesis.
- Malabsorption syndrome.
- Mimba
- Nthawi yonyamula.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
- Matenda opatsirana pachimake.
- Kutentha kwanyengo. M'mikhalidwe yanyengo yoopsa, kufunsa kwa insulin kumatha kugwa kwambiri.
Kuukira kwa hypoglycemia kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake. Madokotala amati ndi ma anticoagulants, barbiturates, antihistamines kapena Aspirin, kupanga shuga m'magazi kumachepa. Zotsatira zake, mikhalidwe yabwino imapangidwa kuti ikulitse chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemic.
Kuukira kwina, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi, kumayamba chifukwa chosungidwa bwino kwa insulin kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komanso, chithandizo chotenga nthawi yayitali ndi gamma globulin imatha kupangitsa hypoglycemia. Pankhaniyi, gawo la maselo a beta akhoza kubwezeretsedwanso.
Chifukwa cha izi, kufunika kwa insulin kumatsika kwambiri.
Zizindikiro za kuukira kwa hypoglycemia
Ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi mwa anthu, magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa endocrine ndi mitsempha imasokonekera. Zotsatira zake, kumakhala njala yayikulu, limodzi ndi thukuta, khungu, nkhawa.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za hypoglycemia zimaphatikizapo nseru ndi mtima. Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa mawonetsedwe azachipatala kumawonjezeka. Ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Kudzanjenjemera. Munthu amagwedeza miyendo yonse. Tremor imalankhulidwa kwambiri kotero kuti wodwalayo sangakhale ndi foloko kapena supuni m'manja mwake.
- Mutu wowawa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala limodzi ndi chizungulire.
- Kuchepetsa maonedwe owoneka. Mkulu kwambiri komanso motsika kwambiri shuga m'magazi amasonyezedwa ndikuphwanya ziwalo zam'maganizo. Munthu sangathe kupanga zinthu zomwe zili pafupi naye. Nthawi zambiri kutsika kwamawonedwe ophatikizika kumayendera limodzi ndi mawu opuwala.
- Kusokonezeka m'malo.
- Minofu yolimba. Nthawi zina amayamba kukopeka.
Ngati simuletsa kugwidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, mumayamba kudwala matenda ashuga. Mwanjira imeneyi, zizindikiro za shuga wamagazi zimachepa. Pakakhala chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi, wodwalayo amatha.
Ngati simuletsa kuukira, ndiye kuti imfa imachitika.
Thandizo loyamba mukamakomoka
Zoyenera kuchita ngati munthu wadwala matenda a hyperglycemia? Poyamba, muyenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndi chizindikiro cha 14 mmol / L, kuyendetsedwa mwachangu kwa insulin yocheperako kumasonyezedwa. Jekeseni wotsatira saloledwa palibe kale kuposa maola awiri ndi atatu.
Ngati shuga sichitha ngakhale jakisoni, ndiye kuti kuchipatala kumawonekera, chifukwa chiopsezo chokhala ndi ketoacidosis chikuwonjezeka. M'chipatala, wodwalayo amapakidwa insulin.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chakudya, mapuloteni ndi mavitamini apadera zimasonyezedwanso. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikubwezeretsa mulingo woyambira acid. Ndi chitukuko cha ketoacidosis, wodwalayo amapatsidwa enema yokhala ndi sodium solution.
Woletsa kuukira, wodwalayo ayenera:
- Imwani madzi ambiri. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amchere, chifukwa amathandizira kuchepetsa acid-base moyenera kwambiri mwachangu.
- Tsatirani zakudya. Zakudya zamafuta othamanga, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ndi zophika zatsopano ziyenera kuchotsedwa muzakudya.
- Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Kuyenda mumlengalenga ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapewetsa chiwopsezo cha hyperglycemic.
Kodi mungatani ndi vuto la hypoglycemic? Poyamba, muyenera kuyeza shuga. Ngati ndi yocheperapo, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kupatsa wodwalayo yankho ndi shuga. Kupaka glucose kumathandizanso kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Iyenera kuzilumikizira m'mkamwa.
Palibe phindu kupatsa wodwalayo chakudya chochuluka chifukwa cha shuga akamadwala sangathe kutafuna chakudya. Koma bwanji ngati wodwala ataya chikumbumtima chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga? Pankhaniyi, muyenera:
- Imbani ambulansi.
- Lowetsani glucagon kwa wodwala. Hormone iyi imathandizira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Glucagon zida zadzidzidzi zimapezeka ku pharmacy iliyonse. Aliyense wodutsapo amatha kugula, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti akhale ndi njira yabwino. Kuyambitsa mahomoni tikulimbikitsidwa intramuscularly.
- Ikani wodwala kumbali yake. Izi ndizofunikira kuti malovu amatuluka mkamwa ndipo wodwalayo sangathe kutsamwitsidwa.
- Ikani ndodo pamano. Njirayi ithandiza kuchepetsa ngozi yoti wodwala alume lilime lake.
- Ndi kusanza, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa zamkamwa za wodwalayo kuti zisanza.
Kuchipatala, kuukiridwa kumayimitsidwa ndi glucose wamkati. Thupi la shuga litatha kukhala labwinobwino, chithandizo chamankhwala chimaperekedwa kwa wodwala. Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a shuga ndi zakudya zapadera. Wodwala amafunika kuyeza kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi maola 2,5 aliwonse kuti asadzayambenso. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuthandizani ndi matenda ashuga.
