Mtundu 1 komanso matenda amtundu wa 2 amakhudza pafupifupi 200 ml. anthu. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa odwala kumawonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Matendawa ndi oopsa komanso zovuta zomwe zimatha kufa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti matendawa ndi chiani komanso ayenera kukhala otani chithandizo cha matenda ashuga.
Pathology imachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a zovuta za endocrine. Amayamba ndi kuperewera kwa insulin, timadzi tomwe timapangidwa ndi kapamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa chiwalo kumayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia (glucose), chifukwa, njira zingapo za metabolic zimasokonekera:
- madzi ndi mchere;
- mafuta;
- chakudya;
- mapuloteni.
Malinga ndi limagwirira la zomwe zimachitika, shuga imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
- Mtundu 1 - wodwala insulin. Zimachitika ndikusakwanira kapena kotheratu kwama hormone opanga. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali aang'ono.
- Mtundu 2 - osadalira insulin. Amayamba pamene thupi sazindikira mahomoni. Kwenikweni, mtunduwu umapezeka mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri a zaka zapakati komanso okalamba.
Kukula kwa mtundu 1 kumachitika chifukwa cha njira za autoimmune. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimayambira kubadwa kwa makolo, kupsinjika mosalekeza, kunenepa kwambiri, kusokonekera kwa kapamba, matenda am'mimba komanso kusokonekera kwa mahomoni. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndizakuchepa mwadzidzidzi, polyuria, polyphagy ndi polydipsia.
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala msanga. Izi zimaphatikizapo hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis ndi matenda a shuga.
Hypoglycemia
Mkhalidwe umadziwika ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ndende ya glucose. Zizindikiro zake zimachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa insulin kapena mutamwa mankhwala ambiri omwe amatsitsa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa hypoglycemia kumakula mofulumira kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- khungu pakhungu;
- kukokana
- njala yosalekeza;
- thukuta
- Chizungulire
- kugwedezeka kwamiyendo;
- kukoka kwamtima;
- mutu.
Chithandizo choyamba cha kuperewera kwa glucose ndikukweza shuga. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa kapu ya tiyi ndi kuwonjezera supuni zitatu za shuga kapena kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu (maswiti, mkate woyera, muffin).
Pambuyo pa mphindi 10, muyenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose kwachuluka. Ngati sichinafike pamlingo womwe mukufuna, ndiye kuti muyenera kumwanso chakumwa chokoma kapena kudya china chake.
Pofuna kutaya mtima, kuyimbira mwachangu ndikofunikira. Dokotala amakhazikitsa wodwalayo pakumupatsa njira yothetsera shuga.
Ngati wodwalayo akusanza komwe kumayenderana ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti chithandizo choyamba ndikuti mupeze chifukwa chosameretsera chakudya. Munthawi imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayamba kuchepa, chifukwa insulin imachita popanda chakudya. Chifukwa chake, ndi mseru kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuwongolera insulin yambiri mpaka magawo awiri.
Pakusanza, thupi limasowa madzi. Kuperewera kwa madzi kuyenera kupangidwa ndikumwa madzi ambiri. Ikhoza kukhala madzi, mchere wamadzi kapena tiyi.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kusintha mulingo wamchere. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kumwa madzi amchere, sodium solution kapena Regidron.
Ngati mukuchita zolimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu awiri m'magawo awiri. Zakudya zotere ziyenera kutengedwa m'makalasi asanachitike komanso atatha.
Ngati mukukonzekera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali (maola opitilira maola awiri), ndiye kuti mlingo wa insulin ndiwochepetsetsa mpaka 25-50%.
Kuchuluka kwa mowa kuyeneranso kukhala kwama 50-75 magalamu.
Hyperglycemia ndi chikomokere shuga
Mkhalidwe uwu umadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa shuga m'magazi (oposa 10 m / mol). Zimayenda ndi zizindikiritso monga njala, ludzu, kupweteka mutu, kukodza pafupipafupi, komanso kudzutsa khungu. Komanso, ndi hyperglycemia, munthu amakhala wosakwiya, amakhala ndi mseru, m'mimba mwake amapweteka, amachepetsa thupi, m'maso mwake mumayamba kufooka, komanso fungo la acetone limamveka pakamwa pake.
Pali magawo osiyanasiyana a hyperglycemia:
- kuwala - 6-10 mmol / l;
- avareji ndi 10-16 mmol / l;
- cholemera - kuyambira 16 mmol / l.
Chithandizo choyamba cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga ndikuyambitsa insulin. Pambuyo maora awiri ndi awiri, kuchuluka kwa glucose kuyenera kuwunikanso.
Ngati wodwalayo sanakhazikika, ndiye kuti odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zowonjezera ziwiri za insulin. Jakisoni wotere ayenera kuchitidwa maola onse awiri ndi atatu.
Kuthandizira kudwala matenda ashuga, ngati munthu wataya chikumbumtima, ndikuti wodwalayo ayenera kugona pabedi kuti mutu wake ukhale pambali pake. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kupuma kwamtendere. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani zinthu zakunja (nsagwada zabodza) pakamwa panu.
Ngati chithandizo choyenera sichiperekedwa, odwala matenda ashuga amawonjezereka. Komanso, ubongo umavutika poyamba, chifukwa maselo ake amayamba kufa mwachangu.
Ziwalo zina zimalephera nthawi yomweyo, zimatha kufa. Chifukwa chake, kuyimbira kwadzidzidzi kwa ambulansi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, matendawa amakhumudwitsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ana amadwala matendawa.
Mwanayo ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa padakali pano matendawa akumakula. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi lingaliro lazomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale odwala matenda ashuga.
Anthu odwala matenda amtundu woyamba ayeneranso kusamala, akamayamba kuledzera kwambiri ndi hyperglycemia.
Ketoacidosis
Izi ndizovuta zowopsa, zomwe zingayambenso imfa. Vutoli limayamba ngati maselo ndi minyewa yathupi yathupi sizisintha shuga kukhala mphamvu, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin. Chifukwa chake, glucose imasinthidwa ndi madipoziti amafuta, akaphwanya, ndiye kuti zinyalala zawo - ma ketoni, amadziunjikira m'thupi, ndikuzipweteka.
Monga lamulo, ketoacidosis imayamba mtundu wa 1 wa ana mwa achinyamata ndi achinyamata. Komanso, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda sugwirizana ndi zotere.
Chithandizo chimachitika kuchipatala. Koma kugonekedwa ku chipatala kumatha kupewedwa chifukwa chodya nthawi komanso kusanthula magazi ndi mkodzo wa ma ketones. Ngati chithandizo choyambirira sichiperekedwa kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga, amakhala ndi vuto la ketoacidotic.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa ma ketones amtundu wa 1 shuga kumachitika chifukwa chakuti ma cell a pancreatic beta amasiya kutulutsa insulin. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa glucose ndende ndi kusowa kwa mahomoni.
Ndi chithandizo chamkati cha insulin, ketoacidosis imatha kukhazikika chifukwa cha kusaphunzira (kuchuluka kosakwanira) kapena ngati simunatsatidwe mankhwala (kudumpha jakisoni, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osayenera). Komabe, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimawoneka ngati diabetesic ketoacidosis zimagona pakuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kufunikira kwa mahomoni mwa anthu omwe amadalira insulin.
Komanso, zinthu zomwe zimabweretsa ma ketoni owonjezereka ndi matenda amtundu kapena matenda opha chibayo, sepsis, matenda opatsirana pachimake. Mimba, kupsinjika, kusokonezeka kwa endocrine komanso infarction ya myocardial kumathandizanso kuti izi zitheke.
Zizindikiro za ketoacidosis zimachitika mkati mwa tsiku limodzi. Zizindikiro zoyambira zikuphatikiza:
- kukodza pafupipafupi
- kuchuluka kwa ma ketoni mumkodzo;
- kumverera kosalekeza pakamwa kowuma, komwe kumapangitsa wodwala ludzu;
- kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Popita nthawi, ndi matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi akulu, mawonetseredwe ena atha kupuma - kufulumira komanso kulimbitsa thupi, kufooka, kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa, redness kapena kuyanika pakhungu. Ngakhale odwala amakhala ndi mavuto a kupsinjika, kusanza, kusasangalala ndi m'mimba, mseru, ndipo khungu lawo limasokonezeka.
Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro, kukula kwa ketoacidosis kumasonyezedwa ndi hyperglycemia komanso kuchuluka kwa acetone mu mkodzo. Komanso Mzere wapadera woyeza umathandizira kudziwa momwe zilili.
Mavuto azadzidzidzi a matenda a shuga amafunika kuthandizidwa kuchipatala mwachangu, makamaka ngati simunapezeke maondoni okha, komanso shuga wambiri. Komanso, chifukwa cholumikizirana ndi dokotala ndi mseru komanso kusanza, komwe sikumatha patatha maola 4. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chithandizo chowonjezereka chikuchitika kuchipatala.
Ndi ketoacidosis, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo kwamafuta. Pochita izi, ayenera kumwa madzi amchere ambiri.
Dotolo amakupatsani mankhwala monga Enterodeum kwa odwala (5 g ya ufa umathiridwa mu 100 ml ya madzi ofunda ndikuledzera mu mulingo umodzi kapena iwiri), Yofunikira ndi enterosorbents.
Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo chimaphatikizira intracutaneous makonzedwe a isotonic sodium solution. Ngati vuto la wodwalayo silikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti dokotala amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin.
Ngakhale ndi ketosis, odwala matenda ashuga amapatsidwa jakisoni wa IM wa Splenin ndi Cocarboxylase kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri. Ngati ketoacidosis ilibe, ndiye kuti chithandizo chotere chitha kuchitika kunyumba. Ndi ketosis yayikulu yokhala ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, iwo amagonekedwa m'chipatala.
Komanso, wodwala amafunikira kusintha kwa insulin. Poyamba, chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ma jakisoni 4-6.
Kuphatikiza apo, omwe amathira mchere amawayikidwa, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe wodwalayo ali ndi msinkhu wake.
Kodi odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuchita chiyani ndi mabala ndi mabala?
Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la endocrine, ngakhale zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zimachiritsa kwambiri, osatchula mabala akuya. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kudziwa momwe angathandizire kukonzanso komanso momwe angachitire pazonsezi.
Zilondazo zimafunikira kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala othana ndi matenda. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito furatsilin, hydrogen peroxide kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Gauze amakhala wothira mu antiseptic ndipo amamugwiritsa ntchito pamalo owonongeka kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti bandeji si yolimba, chifukwa izi zimasokoneza magazi, chifukwa kudula sikuchira posachedwa. Apa ziyenera kumvetsedwa kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo chakuti gangrene yam'munsi yam'munsi iyamba kukulira shuga.
Ngati chilondacho chikuvunda, ndiye kuti kutentha kwa thupi kungakuwonjezeke, ndipo malo owonongeka apweteke ndi kutupa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kutsuka ndi yankho la antiseptic ndikutulutsa chinyezi kuchokera pamenepo, pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta okhala ndi bactericidal ndi antimicrobial zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, Levomikol ndi Levosin.
Komanso, upangiri wa zamankhwala ndi kutenga maphunziro a mavitamini C ndi B ndi antibacterial. Ngati ntchito yochiritsa yayamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta othandizira (Trofodermin) ndi mafuta omwe amalimbitsa minofu (Solcoseryl ndi Methyluracil) akulimbikitsidwa.
Kupewa mavuto
Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, njira zopewera zimayamba ndi mankhwala. Kupatula apo, kuchuluka kwamafuta pang'ono ndi mafuta m'zinthu zambiri kumabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo chofooka, kufooka kwa m'mimba thirakiti, munthu akukulira msanga, chifukwa chake pamakhala mavuto ndi endocrine system.
Chifukwa chake, nyama zamafuta ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mafuta azamasamba. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuzakudya, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyamwa kwa matumbo m'matumbo.
Chofunikanso ndi moyo wokangalika. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ngati sizotheka kusewera masewera, muyenera kuyenda tsiku lililonse, kupita ku dziwe kapena kukwera njinga.
Muyeneranso kupewa kupsinjika. Kupatula apo, kupsinjika kwamanjenje ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.
Kupewa mavuto amtundu wa matenda a shuga 1 kumakhazikitsa malamulo angapo. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukumva kuti simusangalala, ndiye kuti ndibwino kutsatira nthawi yopuma.
Matendawa sangathe kuloledwa pamiyendo. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kudya zakudya zopepuka komanso kumwa madzi ambiri. Komabe kupewa matenda a hypoglycemia, omwe amayamba usiku, chakudya chamadzulo chimayenera kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni.
Komanso, osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa komanso ambiri mankhwala osokoneza bongo a antipyretic. Mosamala muyenera kudya kupanikizana, uchi, chokoleti ndi maswiti ena. Ndipo ndikwabwino kuyambitsa ntchito pokhapokha boma litakhazikika bwino.
