Nthawi zina odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amapezeka kuti akuwonetsa zovuta za insulin. Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin zimatha kuwonetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa thupi lawo, njira zotupa ndi kusintha kwina.
Zotsatira za jakisoni zimatengera umunthu wa munthu, kulondola kwa mlingo wosankhidwa ndi njira yoyendetsera mankhwalawo.
Anthu ambiri amalola kulandira mankhwalawo moyenera.
Kodi katundu wa insulin wamkulu ndi uti?
Mu thupi la munthu, insulin ya mahomoni imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo amachepetsa kuchepetsa shuga la magazi. Ntchito yayikulu yahomoniyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga amino acid, mafuta acid ndi glucose pama cellular.
Kwa zaka zambiri, kupanga insulini kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pothandizira matenda a shuga mellitus, ndipo wapezanso ntchito yake pamasewera othamanga komanso omanga thupi (monga anabolic).
Zotsatira zazikulu za insulin ndizotsatira zotsatirazi:
- amathandizira kuchotsa michere m'chiwindi, minofu ya adipose ndi minofu yomwe imachokera m'magazi;
- imayendetsa kagayidwe kachakudya kotero kuti thupi limatulutsa mphamvu yayikulu yamafuta, kusunga mapuloteni ndi mafuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:
- ali ndi kuthekera kosunga ndi kudziunjikira shuga m'misempha ndi minyewa ya adipose;
- imalola kukonza kwa shuga ndi ma cell a chiwindi mu glycogen;
- amathandizira kukulitsa njira zamafuta a metabolic;
- ndi cholepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni;
- kumawonjezera kagayidwe kachakudya njira mu minofu minofu.
Insulin ndi imodzi mwama mahomoni omwe amathandizira kukula ndikukula kwabwino kwa mwana, chifukwa chake ana amafunikira kupangidwa kwa mahomoni kofunikira ndi kapamba.
Mlingo wa insulin mwachindunji umadalira chakudya chamunthuyo komanso moyo wokangalika. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zambiri zotchuka zimapangidwa motengera mfundo iyi.
Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, palibe insulin yopanga thupi, yomwe imapangitsa wodwalayo kumva kuti amafunikira jakisoni wa timadzi timeneti.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamankhwala amakono
Masiku ano, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopezera insulin:
mankhwala opangira mankhwala, omwe amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono;
mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mahomoni a zikondamoyo za nyama (osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala amakono, ndi zinthu zakale).
Kenako, mankhwala opangira akhoza kukhala:
- Insulin yocheperako komanso yocheperako, yomwe imagwira kale ntchito mphindi makumi awiri pambuyo pa kupangika, imaphatikizira actrapid, cholembera wa humulin komanso insuman-yachilendo. Mankhwalawa amasungunuka ndipo amalamulidwa mosavuta. Nthawi zina pamakhala jakisoni wamkati kapena wamkati. Ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri ya mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa imayamba maola awiri kapena atatu pambuyo pa jekeseni. Insulin yotere imagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, kuwongolera malo okhala ndi shuga m'magazi, chifukwa chophwanya zakudya kapena kugwedezeka kwamalingaliro.
- Malangizo a nthawi yayitali. Mankhwalawa amakhudza thupi kuyambira maola khumi ndi asanu mpaka tsiku. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kwa odwala matenda a shuga ndikokwanira kupanga jakisoni awiri kapena atatu patsiku. Monga lamulo, zinc kapena protamine imaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, omwe amapereka gawo loyenerera la mayamwidwe m'magazi ndikusungunuka pang'onopang'ono.
- Mankhwala okhalitsa. Chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu ndikuti zotsatira za jakisoni zikatha nthawi yayitali - kuchokera maola makumi awiri ndi atatu kudza zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kuchita kwa insulin kumayamba kuwonekera ola limodzi kapena awiri kuchokera nthawi yomwe jakisoni. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapereka mankhwala amtunduwu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chidwi chochepa kwambiri cha mahomoni, anthu achikulire ndi iwo omwe amayenera kupita kuchipatala cha jakisoni nthawi zonse.
Dokotala wokhayo amene angapereke mankhwala kwa wodwala, motero nkovuta kudziwa kuti insulin ndiyabwino bwanji. Kutengera ndi zovuta za matendawa, kufunikira kwa timadzi tambiri ndi zinthu zina zingapo, mankhwala oyenera a wodwalayo amasankhidwa. Chofunikira ndichakuti munthu ali ndi zaka zingati.
Zimakhulupirira kuti zimapeza mafuta kuchokera ku insulin, koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ndi matenda ashuga, njira zambiri zomwe zimachitika mthupi zimasokonekera. Chifukwa chake, mavuto okhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa wodwala angawonedwe.
Mutha kupeza mafuta chifukwa cha zinthu zina zambiri, zovuta za insulin zomwe muli nazo.
Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za insulin Therapy zingawonekere bwanji?
Ngakhale kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni, pali chiopsezo cha kayendetsedwe ka insulin. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, odwala ena amawona zabwino kuchokera ku mankhwalawa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yoposa chaka, pomwe ena angadandaule chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zoyipa. Pankhaniyi, ziwengo zimatha kuchitika kokha osati pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso magawo ena a mankhwalawo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha jekeseni wosalekeza, vuto limatha kubuka, momwe mungachotsere ma cones kapena ma cones.
Kodi chiwopsezo cha insulin ndi chiyani? Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha insulin.
- Kuwonetsedwa kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana m'malo omwe jakisoni amapangidwira. Itha kudziwonetsa yokha mwa mitundu yofiira, kuyabwa, kutupa, kapena njira yotupa.
- Pali mwayi wokhala ndi ziwengo chifukwa cha Hypersensitivity chimodzi mwazolemba za mankhwala. Mawonetsero ake akuluakulu ndi matenda apakhungu, kukula kwa bronchospasm.
- Aliyense tsankho kwa mankhwala chifukwa cha yaitali hyperglycemia.
- Mavuto amawonedwe akhoza kuchitika. Monga lamulo, insulin yotere imayambitsa mavuto osakhalitsa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu ndikuchepetsa mavuto aliwonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuli mtendere.
- Nthawi zina, thupi la munthu limatha kupanga ma antibodies poyankha mankhwala.
- Nthawi yoyamba chakudya chikayamba, chiwopsezo cha insulin chimatha kuwoneka ngati kutupika kwambiri, komwe kumatha masiku ochepa. Edema imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwakwaniritsidwa kwa sodium ndi thupi. Monga lamulo, odwala omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa zaka zambiri samakumana ndi vutoli.
Ngati kukonzekera kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa, zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuchitika chifukwa chogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena. Popewa zovuta zoyipa mukamamwa insulini, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala onse atsopano kumayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi adokotala omwe akupezekapo.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwalawa sangachitike pokhapokha ngati wodwala amamvera malangizo onse a dokotala.
Kodi zotsutsana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi ziti?
Mankhwala a insulin akhoza kukhala ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Kumwa mankhwalawo mwachindunji kumatengera moyo wa wodwalayo komanso zakudya zoyenera.
Mukamatsatira malangizo onse a dokotala, mungathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kukhalapo kwa contraindication ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka komanso thanzi lonse la wodwalayo.
Ndi koletsedwa kuchita insulin mankhwala pazotsatirazi:
- kukula kwa hypoglycemia mu shuga kungayambitse zovuta;
- kayendedwe kazinthu zomwe zimachitika m'chiwindi, zimaphatikizira matenda a cirrhosis ndi hepatitis yacute;
- matenda a kapamba ndi impso (kapamba, nephritis, urolithiasis);
- matenda ena am'mimba thirakiti (zilonda zam'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba);
- matenda akulu amtima.
Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda monga kuperewera kwa mtima kapena mavuto ndi kufalikira kwa ubongo, njira zonse zochiritsira ziyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kumwa insulin.
