Amadziwika kuti zochita za insulini zimachitika mwanjira yoti shuga m'magazi amatsitsidwa pamlingo womwe ukufunidwa, ndipo maselo onse amatha kugwira ntchito moyenera.
Izi ndichifukwa choti magwiridwe antchito a thupi limafunikira mphamvu. Itha kupezeka chifukwa cha njira inayake ya metabolic yomwe imapezeka m'maselo a thupi. Kuti izi zitheke, munthu ayenera kudya chakudya chomwe chili ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimafunikira komanso zazikulu, komanso mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Ndi mafuta omwe amapereka mphamvu m'thupi.
Koma kuti zigawo zonsezi zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera ndi thupi, ndikofunikira kuti kayendetsedwe kazinthu zoyenera mthupi zizikhala moyenera. Kuongolera njira za metabolic kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni. Mwachitsanzo, insulin, yomwe imapangidwa chifukwa chazomwe zimagwira ntchito kapamba. Kuchita kwa insulin kumachitika mwanjira yoti mafuta onse omwe amapanga chakudya amaswedwa kukhala glucose, omwe amasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu m'maselo. Mphamvu zolandilidwa ndi khungu zimaperekedwa pa zofunikira za selo.
Glucose ndi hormone insulin ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi zochita za metabolic zomwe zimachitika mthupi. Inde, pokhapokha kupanga insulin yokwanira, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatha kupereka maselo mphamvu.
Kodi insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso loti chifukwa chiyani insulin ikufunika. Horm iyi imagwira gawo mwachindunji pakupanga mphamvu mu thupi.
Insulin ndi shuga zimalumikizana kotero kuti shuga ya magazi nthawi zonse imakhala pamlingo wina wolimbitsa thupi. Poterepa, munthu akhoza kudya chakudya chokwanira chokwanira.
Tikatha kudya chakudya chamafuta ambiri, kapamba wathu amalandila chikwangwani chomwe chimafunikira insulin ndi ma enzyme onse kuti chakudya chithandizidwe kwambiri.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, shuga amatsogolera pakupanga mphamvu. Koma, ngati mapangidwe a insulin asokonezeka m'thupi, izi zitha kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zikondwererozi zimakhala ndi maselo ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo amatulutsa insulin. Mwazi wamagazi ukakwera, mahomoni amatulutsidwa m'magazi motero zimapangitsa kuti glucose ayambe kulowa m'maselo. Chifukwa cha ntchito yotere, mphamvu zimapangidwa m'thupi.
Kuchokera pamenepa sizovuta kunena kuti mphamvu imatha kupangidwa pokhapokha ngati insulini yachitika.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anira ntchito ya kapamba ndikupewa kukula kwa zovuta zomwe ntchito yake imasokonekera.
Kapamba ndi glucose - amalumikizana bwanji?
Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi, zikuwonekeratu kuti imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira a kapamba ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimatheka kudzera pakupanga mahomoni awiri:
- insulin;
- glucagon.
M'mawu, izi zitha kufotokozedwa motere, pakakhala kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, insulini imagwira ntchito zake zopulumutsa moyo ndikulimbikitsa kupangidwa kwake kukhala mphamvu. Koma, ngati pali shuga wochepa kwambiri m'magazi, ndiye kuti glucagon, m'malo mwake, imalepheretsa kuphatikizika kwa glycogen ndikuthandizira shuga mu mphamvu.
Monga mukuwonera, pokhapokha pakugwira ntchito kwa kapamba kumatha kukhalabe ndi glucose yabwinobwino m'magazi.
Ngati tizingolankhula za zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha insulin metabolism imabweretsa, ndikofunikira kudziwa apa kuti ndi hormone iyi yomwe imathandiza glucose kudutsa maselo ndikusintha kukhala gawo lofunikira lamphamvu yama cell.
Ngati sikokwanira, ndiye kuti glucose amakhalabe m'magazi. Insulin imapereka kutsegulidwa kwa njira mu ma membrane am'magazi a glucose, momwe glucose amatha kulowa m'magulu onse ofunikira a ma cell.
Koma pamakhala nthawi zina pamene insulini ya mahomoni m'thupi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kapena kapamba sangatulutse. Pankhaniyi, shuga imakhazikika m'magazi ndipo kufa ndi njala ya insulin.
Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti muyenera kutenga analogue ya insulini - jakisoni kapena mapiritsi ena apadera omwe amachepetsa shuga.
Zotsatira za insulin thupi
Kupatula kuti kuchuluka kwakokwanira kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zochuluka mthupi, zimathandizanso chiwindi kupanga mphamvu yosungira glycogen. Zimasokoneza kutembenuka kwa amino acid kukhala shuga, zimathandizira kusintha kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, komanso kusintha kwa mafuta kukhala mafuta.
Insulin imagwira mbali mwachindunji machitidwe onse ofunikira m'thupi.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa momwe mafuta ochulukirapo amapangidwira m'thupi, chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha kunenepa kwambiri. Insulin imathandizanso pakuchita izi. Izi zimachitika ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti zochulukirapo zimasandulika maselo amafuta kukhala mafuta okha, izi zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Mavuto oterewa okhala ndi insulin m'thupi amatanthauza kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamatendawa. Pali mtundu wodalira insulin momwe insulin imayenera kuperekedwera. Pankhaniyi, kapamba samapanga insulin kapena ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, mahomoni amapangidwa mokwanira, koma samakhudza maselo amthupi. Izi zimatsogolera kuti shuga amakhalabe m'magazi, ndipo maselo samalandira mphamvu zokwanira.
Zotsatira zake, munthu amakhala wotopa nthawi zonse komanso wotopa kwambiri.
Kodi abwezeretse bwanji thupi?
Pali maupangiri ena omwe angathandize kupewetsa kubwera kwa zotsatirazi zonsezi. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuyang'anira nthawi zonse zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa kwambiri. Izi zitha kuthandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chisonyezo cha glycemic cha chinthu china. Ndiomwe amalankhula kuchuluka kwa glucose yemwe ali m'zinthu zina. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kufalikira komwe kumachitika mwachangu, kumakhala kwakukulu pamzerewu.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kudya zakudya, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chakudya cham'mimba chambiri, ndipo chakudya ichi, chomwe chimakhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic, nthawi zonse chimayambitsa kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zamagulu a odwala matenda ashuga ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Izi zimachitika ngati insulin ipangidwa mosakwanira. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amadya chakudya chambiri "chochepa", chomwe chimawonongeka pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, insulini imakwanitsa kunyamula glucose yemwe akupezeka m'chipinda chija. Ndi zakudya zoterezi, munthu amadzaza kwathunthu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ngati mulingo wamwazi womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa uli mkati mwa 10 mmol / l kapena kupitilira, ndiye kuti ziwalo zina ndizolumikizidwa kale kuti zichotse thupi. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndikukula kwa zizindikiro zingapo:
- chifukwa cha kukokana pafupipafupi, kumangokhala ndi ludzu;
- chifukwa chakuti mafuta sanatenthedwe kwathunthu, kunenepa kumayambira;
- maselo samalandira glucose wokwanira, chifukwa chake sangapange mphamvu zochuluka, wodwalayo amayamba kumva kuti alibe chidwi komanso kutopa.
Ngati mafuta sakonzedwa kwathunthu, zotulukapo za kagayidwe kake zimapweteketsa thupi kwambiri. Izi zimabweretsa kukula kwa chikomokere.
Zotsatira zake, zikuwonekeratu kuti kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kamatha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana.
Poyamba, glucose amatengedwa kupita m'maselo kuti amasanduke mphamvu, ndipo chachiwiri, glucose amasinthidwa kukhala malo ogulitsa mafuta.
Kodi vuto la insulin ndi glucose limabweretsa chiyani?
Matenda monga matenda a shuga amapezeka chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa glucose komanso insulin m'magazi. Zimadziwonetsera motere: kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera kwambiri, ndipo maselo amthupi amakhala ndi njala chifukwa chosowa mphamvu. Inde, thupi limatha kudya mphamvu, kukonza mafuta ndi mapuloteni, koma kuyamwa kwawo moyenera, kupezeka kwa insulin mthupi kumafunikiranso.
Ngati thupi lilibe insulin yokwanira, ndiye kuti pali mphamvu yanjala pama cellular. Kuchepa kwakanthawi kwa timadzi timene kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizipezeka pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zamatumbo ambiri zimaphwanyidwa, ndipo metabolism ya protein imapangitsa kuti zinthu zambiri ziwonongeke. Izi ndi zinthu zowola zomwe zimayambitsa thupi pakapita nthawi.
Palinso mphamvu ina yomanga thupi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikuti kuthamanga kwa magazi m'magazi ndi minyewa kumasintha kwambiri. Kusintha kotereku kumabweretsa katundu wambiri pamitsempha yamadzi ndi ntchito ya mtima.
Nthawi zambiri, zotsatirazi zimachitika ngati magazi a glucose ali 9 mmol / L kapena kuposa. Pankhaniyi, glucose amachotseredwa ndi impso, ndipo motsutsana. Munthu amamva kukodza pafupipafupi komanso ludzu lalikulu.
Izi ndi zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda a shuga a digiri yachiwiri, ngakhale atha kukhala ndi oyamba.
Momwe mungabweretsere shuga?
Mu thupi la munthu aliyense, dongosolo lonse limagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, lomwe limapereka njira zonse za moyo. Njira imodzi ikakanika, zosokoneza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta ziyamba kupanga. Kulephera kwa kapamba, kumapangitsanso kukula kwa matenda a carbohydrate metabolism m'thupi.
Pochita kagayidwe kazigawo, glucose ndi insulin amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kukula kosalekeza kwa shuga m'magazi kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa kaphatikizidwe ka insulin. Izi zimabweretsa chakuti pakupita nthawi, kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni kumachepa kapena kusiya. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi lokha limaganiza za kudya kosakoma kwa zakudya zotere komanso zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chofulumira monga chakudya. Kufunika uku kukuwonjezereka tsiku lililonse, chifukwa chomwe matenda monga matenda ashuga amayamba kupita patsogolo.
Odwala ena amaganiza kuti ngati angosiyiratu kudya chakudya chomwe amakhala nacho, amatha kusintha shuga m'magazi awo ndipo zonse zikhala m'malo. Koma pankhaniyi, ziyenera kumveka kuti zotsutsana zimatha kuchitika. Ndi kuthetseratu kwamkati mwa zakudya wamba, thupi limayamba kumva kusweka kwina. Akusowa chakudya'chi. Zizindikiro zikuwoneka ngati:
- kumverera kwa ludzu;
- kumverera kwa njala;
- kuchuluka kukwiya;
- zovuta zamanjenje;
- kusowa tulo
Ndiye chifukwa chake pozindikira kusakhazikika pakati pa mseru wa glucose m'thupi ndi insulin, muyenera kufunsa katswiri.
Mu kanema munkhaniyi, momwe insulin imachitikira m'thupi la munthu ikuwonetsedwa bwino.
