Chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amachitika mwa njira ya insulin. Pamodzi ndi zoletsa zomwe zimayikidwa pakudya, kayendetsedwe ka insulini kumatha kulepheretsa odwala otere kukhala ndi zovuta kwambiri za matenda ashuga.
Popereka mankhwala a insulin, ndikofunikira kuyesa kubereka mwachangu momwe mungathere mwanjira yachilengedwe yolowa m'magazi. Mwa izi, mitundu iwiri ya insulini imakonda kupatsidwa kwa odwala - yayitali komanso yochepa.
Insulin wautali wofanana ndi kubisala (kwa nthawi yayitali) kubisala. Ma insulin amafupiziridwa kuti apatsidwe chakudya chamafuta. Amaperekedwa musanadye muyezo wofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mikate yazakudya. Actrapid NM amatanthauza insulin yotere.
Limagwirira a Actrapid NM
Chogulitsachi chimakhala ndi insulin yaumunthu yomwe imachokera ku genetic engineering. Popanga, DNA kuchokera ku saccharomycetes yisiti imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Insulin imamangilira ma cell ku maselo ndipo kuphatikiza uku kumapereka kuchuluka kwa glucose kuchokera m'magazi kupita mu khungu.
Kuphatikiza apo, Actrapid insulin imawonetsa zochitika pamachitidwe a metabolic:
- Imathandizira mapangidwe a glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu minofu
- Imalimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose ndi maselo a minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose yopanga mphamvu
- Kuwonongeka kwa glycogen kumachepetsedwa, monganso momwe amapangira mamolekyu atsopano a chiwindi mu chiwindi.
- Imathandizira kupanga mafuta amchere ndipo imachepetsa kuchepa kwamafuta
- M'magazi, kapangidwe ka lipoproteins kamawonjezeka
- Insulin imathandizira kukula kwa maselo ndikugawika
- Imathandizira kaphatikizidwe kabwino ka protein komanso kuchepetsa kuchepa kwake.
Kutalika kwa zochita za Actrapid NM kutengera mlingo, malo a jakisoni ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Mankhwala amawonetsa katundu wake theka la ola pambuyo pa utsogoleri, kuchuluka kwake kumadziwika pambuyo pa maola 1.5 - 3.5. Pambuyo maola 7 mpaka 8, mankhwalawa amasiya kuchita ndipo amawonongeka ndi ma enzyme.
Chizindikiro chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito Actrapid insulin ndikuchepa kwa shuga m'magititus a shuga kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi komanso pokonzekera zochitika zadzidzidzi.
Actrapid pa mimba
Insulin Actrapid NM itha kutumizidwa kuti muchepetse hyperglycemia mwa amayi apakati, popeza siwodutsa chotchinga chachikulu. Kuperewera kwa chindapusa cha shuga kwa amayi apakati kungakhale koopsa kwa mwana.
Kusankhidwa kwa Mlingo kwa amayi apakati ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso kochepa kwa shuga kumasokoneza mapangidwe a ziwalo ndikupangitsa kuti zisachitike bwino, komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufa kwa fetal.
Kuyambira pagawo lokonzekera, pakati odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi endocrinologist, ndipo akuwonetsedwa kuwunika kwamagazi a shuga. Kufunika kwa insulin kumatha kuchepa mu trimester yoyamba ya kutenga pakati ndikuwonjezeka kwachiwiri ndi kwachitatu.
Pambuyo pobereka, kuchuluka kwa glycemia nthawi zambiri kumabwerera ku ziwerengero zam'mbuyomu zomwe zinali zisanachitike mimba.
Kwa amayi oyamwitsa, kuyang'anira Actrapid NM sikulinso pachiwopsezo.
Koma poganizira kuchuluka kwakukula kwa michere, zakudya ziyenera kusintha, motero mlingo wa insulin.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Actrapid NM?
Jakisoni wa insulini amaperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mlingo umasankhidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mwachilengedwe, kufunikira kwa insulini kumakhala pakati pa 0,3 ndi 1 IU patsiku pa kilogalamu yodwala. Ndi kukana kwa insulini mu achinyamata kapena kunenepa kwambiri, kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chinsinsi cha insulin yawo, amakhala otsika.
Mothandizidwa ndi matenda ashuga, zovuta za matendawa zimayamba kuchepa pafupipafupi komanso pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anitsitsa shuga wamagazi ndikusankhidwa kwa Mlingo wa insulin womwe umapitilira chizindikiritso ichi ndizofunikira.
Actrapid NM ndi insulin yochepa, kotero nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yayitali ya mankhwalawa. Iyenera kuperekedwa kwa theka la ola musanadye, kapena chakudya chopepuka chomwe chili ndi chakudya chamafuta.
Njira yothamanga kwambiri yolowera ndi jakisoni kulowa m'mimba. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kupaka jekeseni wa insulin pakhungu. Malo amchiuno, matako, kapena mapewa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Tsambalo la jakisoni liyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kuti lisawononge minofu yamkati.
Potsatira malangizo a dokotala, jakisoni wa mu mnofu angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Actrapid amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu chipatala, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo shuga wa makolo.
Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga nephropathy, kufunika kwa insulin kumachepa, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amakonzedwanso poganizira kuchuluka kwa kusefedwa kwa msana komanso mseru wa aimpso. Mu matenda a adrenal gland, chithokomiro England, pituitary gland, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, kuchuluka kwa insulin kungasinthe.
Kufunika kwa insulini kumasinthanso ndikukhala ndi nkhawa, kusintha kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kapena kusintha kwa zakudya zina. Matenda aliwonse ndi omwe amawongolera kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yomwe mukugwirizana ndi adokotala.
Ngati mlingo wa insulin ndi wochepa, kapena ngati wodwalayo watha insulin, hyperglycemia ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirazi:
- Kuchulukitsa kugona komanso ulesi.
- Kuchulukitsa ludzu.
- Kusanza ndi kusanza pang'ono.
- Khungu lofiira ndi louma.
- Kuchulukitsa pokodza.
- Kuchepetsa chidwi.
- Pakamwa pakamwa.
Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zimayamba pang'onopang'ono - maola angapo kapena masiku. Ngati simukusintha shuga m'magazi anu, ndiye kuti matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis amakula. Chizindikiro chake ndicho kununkhira kwa acetone mu mpweya wotulutsidwa. Chiwopsezo cha hyperglycemia chimawonjezeka ndi matenda opatsirana komanso kutentha thupi.
Kusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa insulin kupita ku wina kumafuna kusankha kwa mtundu watsopano. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kufunsa wa endocrinologist. Insulin Actrapid siyingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamapampu a insulin, pakalibe zotchingira pakanema, ngati ikasungidwa molakwika kapena ndi madzi oundana, komanso ngati yankho lake limakhala mitambo.
Kuti mupeze jakisoni, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Sungani mpweya mu syringe, wofanana ndi mlingo womwe umaperekedwa.
- Ikani syringe kudzera pa pulagi ndikusindikiza piston.
- Tembenuzani botolo pansi.
- Tengani mlingo wa insulin mu syringe.
- Chotsani mpweya ndikuyang'ana.
Pambuyo pa izi, muyenera kubaya nthawi yomweyo: tengani khungu pakulipika ndikulowetsanso syringe ndi singano m'munsi mwake, pakona madigiri 45. Insulin iyenera kulowa pakhungu.
Pambuyo pa jakisoni, singano iyenera kukhala pansi pakhungu kwa masekondi osachepera 6 kuperekera mankhwalawo.
Zotsatira zoyipa za Actrapid
Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pakamwa mlingo wa insulin ndi hypoglycemia. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwadzidzidzi komanso zimayendera limodzi ndi khungu, kuzizira thukuta, kutopa kwambiri kapena kufooka, kusokonekera kwa malo, nkhawa, mantha komanso manja akunjenjemera.
Chidwi cha chidwi chimachepa, kugona komweko kumayamba, kumverera kwanjala, kuwonongeka kwazinthu kumakulirakulira. Mutu ndi chizungulire, mseru, ndi palpitation zimayambira. Mitundu yambiri ya shuga yakugwa ikhoza kusokoneza ubongo kugwira ntchito ndi kusazindikira kapena ngakhale kufa.
Ngati matenda ashuga amatenga nthawi yayitali, ndi matenda ashuga a m'mimba, mankhwalawa opanga beta-blockers kapena mankhwala ena omwe amagwira ntchito pamitsempha, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira za hypoglycemia zitha kukhala zosadabwitsa, choncho nthawi zonse muyenera kungoyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Ndi hypoglycemia yofatsa, muyenera kumwa shuga kapena msuzi, makeke, mapiritsi a shuga. Milandu yayikulu, 40% yankho la shuga limayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, ndipo glucagon imayang'aniridwa kudzera mu mnofu kapena mozungulira. Wodwalayo akayambanso kuzindikira, amafunika kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi.
Kuukira kwa glycemia kumatha kubwerezedwa mkati mwa tsiku limodzi, kotero ngakhale ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kuwongolera pazomwe zili. Odwala oterowo amafunikira chakudya chamagulu angapo.
Zotsatira zina zoyipa sizimakhala kawirikawiri ndipo zimatha kudziwoneka ngati:
- Zotupa kapena ming'oma. Osowa kwambiri ndi munthu hypersensitivity - anaphylactic zimachitika.
- Kutupa, nseru, ndi mutu.
- Kuchuluka kwa mtima.
- Peripheral neuropathy.
- Kuchepetsa kukonzanso kapena kukula kwa retinopathy.
- Lipodystrophy pa jekeseni malo, kuyabwa, hematoma.
- Kufatsa, makamaka masiku oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito.
Njira yotulutsidwa ndikusungidwa kwa insulin Actrapid NM
Mankhwala omwe ali mu reki network ali mu mawonekedwe a: Actrapid NM Penfill insulin (amafunika cholembera chapadera cha insulin), komanso insulini mu mbale (insulin yofunikira ndi jakisoni).
Mitundu yonseyi yokonzekera imakhala ndi yankho ndi kuchuluka kwa 100 IU mu 1 ml. Mabotolo amakhala ndi 10 ml, ndi makatoni - 3 ml a 5 zidutswa pa paketi iliyonse. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito amaphatikizidwa pamtundu uliwonse wamasulidwe.
Mtengo wa Actrapid m'mabotolo ndi wotsika kuposa mawonekedwe a penfil. Mtengo wa mankhwalawa umatha kukhala osiyanasiyana m'misika yosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthasintha kwa ndalama kumathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo, chifukwa ichi ndi mankhwala opangidwa kwina. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa Actrapid ndiwofunikira patsiku logulidwa.
Insulin imasungidwa mufiriji kutali ndi freezer pa kutentha kwa madigiri awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu. Simungathe kumasula. Botolo lotseguka limatha kusungidwa kutentha kwa masabata 6, onetsetsani kuti mwaliteteza ku kuwala ndi kutentha pabokosi la makatoni. Kanemayo munkhaniyi ayankha funso la insulin management.
