Ndi matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse, munthu amayenera kuyang'anira shuga m'thupi ndipo amayeserera magazi pafupipafupi. Monga mukudziwa, shuga amalowa m'thupi kudzera mu chakudya.
Ndi kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, shuga amadziunjikira m'magazi ndipo insulin imakhala yayitali kuposa zabwinobwino. Ngati simutenga zoyenera kuchita, vuto lotere limatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu, kuphatikizapo hypoglycemic coma.
Poyeserera magazi nthawi zonse shuga, zida zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - glucometer. Chida choterechi chimakupatsani mwayi wophunzirira momwe thupi muliri odwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso mwa anthu athanzi. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizotheka kudziwa nthawi yoyambira yamatendawo ndikuyamba chithandizo chofunikira.
Mwazi wamagazi
Kuti munthu athe kuzindikira zakuphwanya, pali miyezo yina ya glucose wamagazi mwa anthu athanzi. Mu shuga mellitus, izi zimatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizovomerezeka. Malinga ndi madotolo, wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera kutsitsa shuga wambiri, kuyesera kuti zotsatira zake zikhale bwino.
Kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amve bwino, manambalawa amatha kubwera mpaka osachepera 4-8 mmol / lita. Izi zimalola kuti odwala matenda ashuga achotse mutu, kutopa, kukhumudwa, kusowa chidwi.
Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, pamakhala kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta. Kuchuluka kwadzidzidzi kwa shuga kumakulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, kuti matenda asinthe, wodwalayo ayenera kubaya insulin m'thupi. Ndi kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin mwa anthu, kukulitsa kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga ndikotheka.
Kuti mupewe kuwoneka ngati kusinthasintha koteroko, muyenera kuyang'ana pa glucometer tsiku lililonse. Gome lamasulidwe apadera a chizindikiro cha glucometer likuthandizani kuyang'ana zotsatira za phunziroli, kudziwa momwe zimasiyanirana komanso mulingo uti womwe ukuopseza moyo.
Malinga ndi tebulo, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumatha kukhala motere:
- M'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga wa m'magazi odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala 6,3.3 mmol / lita, mwa anthu athanzi - 4.2-6.2 mmol / lita.
- Maola awiri mutatha kudya, zizindikiro za shuga za shuga sizingakhale zapamwamba kuposa 12 mmol / lita, anthu athanzi ayenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro chosaposa 6 mmol / lita.
- Zotsatira zamaphunziro a glycated hemoglobin mu diabetesics ndi 8 mmol / lita, mwa munthu wathanzi - osati kuposa 6.6 mmol / lita.
Kuphatikiza pa nthawi ya tsiku, maphunziro awa amatengera zaka za odwala. Makamaka, mwa akhanda mpaka chaka, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi kumachokera ku 2.7 mpaka 4,4 mmol / lita, mwa ana kuyambira wazaka chimodzi mpaka zisanu - 3.2-5.0 mmol / lita. Mukalamba okutuusa emyaka 14, ebiwandiiko ebyo biri ku 3.3 okutuuka ku 5.6 mmol / lita.
Akuluakulu, chizolowezi chimachokera ku 4.3 mpaka 6.0 mmol / lita. Mwa okalamba pazaka zopitilira 60, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhala 4,6-6.4 mmol / lita.
Gome ili likhoza kusinthidwa, poganizira zomwe zimachitika mthupi.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi glucometer
Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri, wodwala aliyense amakhala ndi zizindikiro zake. Kuti musankhe mtundu woyenera wa mankhwalawa, muyenera kudziwa momwe thupi liliri komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuyesa magazi tsiku lililonse kunyumba, odwala matenda ashuga amagula glucometer.
Chida choterechi chimakupatsani mwayi wofufuzira nokha, osatembenukira kuchipatala kuti akuthandizeni. Kuthandizira kwake kuli poti chipangizocho, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kophatikizana komanso kulemera pang'ono, chitha kunyamulidwa nanu m'chikwama kapena m'thumba. Chifukwa chake, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yozungulira nthawi iliyonse, ngakhale atasintha pang'ono.
Zipangizo zoyesera zimayeza shuga wopanda magazi komanso ululu. Ofufuza oterowo salimbikitsidwa osati kwa odwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso kwa anthu athanzi. Masiku ano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma glucometer omwe amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana amagulitsidwa, kutengera zosowa za wodwala.
- Mutha kugulanso chida chokwanira chomwe, kuphatikiza kuyesa glucose, chimatha kuwona cholesterol yamagazi. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugula maulonda a odwala matenda ashuga. Mwinanso, pali zida zomwe zimayeza kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kutengera zomwe zapezedwa, kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi.
- Popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga kumasiyana tsiku lonse, zizindikiritso m'mawa ndi madzulo ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kuphatikiza deta, zinthu zina, momwe munthu akumvera, komanso zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zitha kuyambitsa tsokalo.
- Monga lamulo, adokotala nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chidwi ndi zotsatira za phunziroli asanadye komanso atatha kudya. Zambiri zoterezi ndizofunikira kuti muzindikire kuchuluka kwa thupi lomwe limagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Mukuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, zizindikirazi zidzasiyana. Monga momwe, muzochitika mwa odwalawa mulinso osiyana.
Mitundu yambiri yamakono ya glucometer imagwiritsa ntchito plasma yamagazi pakuwunika, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wofufuza. Pakadali pano, pali tebulo lomasulira ma glucometer chizindikiro, momwe mikhalidwe yonse ya shuga imayikidwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho.
- Malinga ndi tebulo, pamimba yopanda kanthu, zizindikiro za plasma zimatha kuchoka pa 5.03 mpaka 7.03 mmol / lita. Mukamayang'ana magazi a capillary, manambala amatha kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 4,7 mmol / lita.
- Maola awiri mutatha kudya m'magazi am'magazi komanso m'magazi a capillary, shuga sayenera kupitirira 8.3 mmol / lita.
Ngati zotsatira za phunzirolo zidaposa, adotolo amafufuza matenda ashuga ndikupereka chithandizo choyenera.
Kuyerekeza zizindikiro za glucometer
Mitundu yambiri yamakono ya glucometer imapangidwa ndi plasma, koma pali zida zomwe zimapanga kafukufuku wamagazi athunthu. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa poyerekeza magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho ndi deta yomwe ipezeka mu labotale.
Kuti mutsimikizire kulondola kwa kusanthula, zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka pa glucometer yopanda kanthu zimayerekezedwa ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku mu labotale. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti madzi a m'magazi ali ndi shuga wambiri peresenti ya 10-12 kuposa magazi a capillary. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengera kwa glucometer pophunzira magazi a capillary kuyenera kugawidwa ndi chinthu cha 1.12.
Kutanthauzira molondola zomwe zalandilidwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo lapadera. Miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito glucometer imapangidwanso. Malinga ndi mulingo wovomerezeka, kulondola kovomerezeka kwa chipangizochi kumatha kukhala motere:
- Ndi shuga wamagazi m'munsi mwa 4.2 mmol / lita, zomwe zimapezeka zimatha kusiyana ndi 0.82 mmol / lita.
- Ngati zotsatira za phunzirolo ndi 4.2 mmol / lita ndi kupitilira, kusiyana pakati pa miyeso sikungakhale kupitirira 20 peresenti.
Kumbukirani kuti zinthu zolondola zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, zotsatira zoyeserera zitha kupotozedwa ngati:
- Zofunikira zazikulu zamadzimadzi;
- Pakamwa pakamwa;
- Kukoka pafupipafupi;
- Zowonongeka mu shuga;
- Kuyenda pakhungu;
- Kuchepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi;
- Kutopa ndi kugona;
- Kukhalapo kwa matenda osiyanasiyana;
- Kuchepa magazi magazi;
- Matenda a fungus;
- Kupumira mwachangu ndi arrhythmias;
- Mbiri yosakhazikika;
- Kukhalapo kwa acetone mthupi.
Ngati chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe tatchulazi zadziwika, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti musankhe mtundu woyenera wa mankhwalawo.
Muyeneranso kutsatira malamulo ena mukamayeza shuga ndi glucometer.
Asanatero, wodwalayo ayenera kusamba bwino ndi sopo ndikupukuta m'manja ndi thaulo.
Ndikofunikira kutentha manja anu kuti magazi azithamanga. Kuti muchite izi, maburashi amatsitsidwa pansi ndikuwakhomekera pang'ono pang'ono kuchokera m'manja ndi zala. Mutha kuthanso manja anu m'madzi ofunda ndikuwotha pang'ono.
Njira zothetsera zakumwa zaukali zimalimbitsa khungu, motero amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta chala ngati phunzirolo likuchitika kunja kwa nyumba. Osapukutira manja ndi misozi yonyowa, chifukwa zinthu kuchokera ku zinthu zaukhondo zimatha kusintha zolowa.
Chala chikagundidwa, dontho loyamba limapukutidwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa limakhala ndi madzi ambiri owonjezera. Kuti muwunikenso, dontho lachiwiri limatengedwa, lomwe liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pa mzere woyeza. Kuboola magazi kumunsi kumaletsedwa.
Kuti magazi atuluke nthawi yomweyo komanso popanda mavuto, kupuma kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi mphamvu inayake. Ngechi, munahase kushinganyeka chala, kaha nawa kutachikiza kanawa lwola lwosenako. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amalandira zizindikiro zolakwika. Elena Malysheva muvidiyoyi munkhaniyi akuwuzani zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana mukamawerenga glucometer.
