Chaka chilichonse, matenda a shuga amayamba kukula muubwana. Onse mwana wazaka chimodzi komanso mwana wazaka 10 zakubadwa amatha kudwala matendawa.
Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya, pamene chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimatulutsa insulini yaying'ono kapena sichipanga mahomoni konse. Kuti chithandizo chithandizike, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matenda ashuga kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko.
Monga lamulo, mwa ana a zaka khumi, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika kamodzi pachaka. Mukamayesedwa, wodwalayo amayesa magazi a shuga. Koma kodi shuga wamankhwala ndimwana wanji wazaka asukulu?
Zizindikiro ziti?
Glucose kwa thupi ndi gwero lamphamvu, chifukwa ndikofunikira pakulimbitsa kwamitundu yonse ya ziwalo, kuphatikizapo ubongo. Ndipo lamulo la shuga lamwazi limachitika pogwiritsa ntchito insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba.
Shuga wotsika kwambiri amawonedwa sutra atagona kudya. Usiku wonse, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasintha - mutatha kudya kumatuluka, ndipo pakapita kanthawi kokhazikika. Koma mwa anthu ena, mutatha kudya, zizindikirazi zimakhalabe zochulukirapo, ichi ndi chizindikiro chooneka bwino cha matenda a metabolic m'thupi, omwe nthawi zambiri chimawonetsa matenda a shuga.
Muzochitika kuti index ya shuga itachepa, insulin imayandikira kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, mwana amamva kufooka, koma kafukufuku wa labotale amafunika kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.
Pangozi ya matenda a shuga ndi ana:
- onenepa kwambiri;
- iwo omwe amadya mosayenera zakudya zamafuta othamanga komanso zakudya zachangu zimapezeka m'zakudya;
- odwala omwe abale awo anali ndi matenda ashuga.
Kuphatikiza apo, matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia atha kudwala pambuyo poyambitsa matenda. Makamaka ngati mankhwalawo sanali olondola kapena osayenera, ndichifukwa chake zovuta zinabuka.
Ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo amayenera kuwunikidwa kawiri pachaka. Chifukwa chaichi, kunyumba kapena malo othandizira, magazi a capillary amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala ndikuwunikira. Kunyumba, amachita izi ndi glucometer, ndipo kuchipatala, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.
Koma kodi shuga azikhala chotani mwa mwana? Mlingo wa glucose umatsimikizira zaka. Pali tebulo lapadera la zizindikiro.
Chifukwa chake, mwa ana akhanda, mosiyana ndi achikulire, ndende ya shuga imatsitsidwa. Koma chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi a ana a zaka 10 chimakhala chofanana ndi akulu - 3,3-5,5 mmol / l.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga kumasiyana ndi njira zopezera matendawa kwa anthu akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake, ngati Zizindikiro musanadye ndizapamwamba kuposa shuga wokhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti madokotala samachotsa kupezeka kwa matendawa, koma kafukufuku wofunikira amafunika kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa.
Kwenikweni, kuwunika koyendetsa kumachitika pambuyo pakuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Ngati zotsatira zake zili pamwamba pa 7.7 mmol / l, ndiye muyenera kupita kukaonana ndi endocrinologist.
Zimayambitsa kusinthasintha kwa glucose
Pali zinthu ziwiri zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi mwa ana. Choyamba ndi kusakhazikika kwa thupi kwa ziwalo zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa mahomoni. Zowonadi, kumayambiriro kwa moyo, kapamba, poyerekeza ndi chiwindi, mtima, mapapu ndi ubongo, sizimatengedwa ngati lofunikira.
Chifukwa chachiwiri chosinthira kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi magawo akhama a chitukuko. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi zaka 10, kudumpha kwa shuga kumawonedwa mwa ana ambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, timagulu timatulutsa timatulutsa tamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zonse za thupi lathu zikule.
Chifukwa chogwira ntchito, shuga m'magazi amasinthasintha. Nthawi yomweyo, kapamba akuyenera kugwira ntchito mopindulitsa kuti apatse thupi insulin yotenga mphamvu mu metabolism.
Mu 90% ya milandu, odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana 10 amapezeka ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, momwe kapamba samatulutsa insulini. Poona izi, mwana amakula matenda a hyperglycemia. Komabe, nthawi zina, pazaka 10, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amatha kukula, omwe amathandizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe a minyewa yolimbana ndi mahomoni.
Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga mwa ana asukulu amakula ndi chibadwa. Koma, abambo ndi amayi akamadwala matenda a hyperglycemia, ndiye kuti mwayiwo umakwera mpaka 25%. Ndipo ngati m'modzi mwa makolo ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti kuyambika kwa matendawa ndi 10-12%.
Komanso, kupezeka kwa matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia amathandizira ndi:
- matenda opatsirana opatsirana;
- zotupa mu kapamba;
- chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi glucocorticoids ndi mankhwala othana ndi kutupa;
- kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni komwe kumachitika mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, gland pituitary, hypothalamus kapena gren adrenal;
- kupereka mayeso olakwika;
- kuvutitsidwa kwa zakudya zamafuta ndi chakudya.
Kuphatikiza pa hyperglycemia, mwana atha kukhala ndi hypoglycemia, chifukwa ana amakhala otanganidwa nthawi zonse, motero thupi lawo limagwiritsa ntchito glycogen kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwa glucose kumachitika panthawi yanjala, kuperewera kwa metabolic ndi nkhawa.
Mavuto amtunduwu amapanganso kumbuyo kwavulala, zotupa za NS ndi sarcoidosis.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji molondola glycemia?
Popeza mikhalidwe yokhudzana ndi zaka ingayambitse kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulowo kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, maola 10-12 musanayambe phunziroli, muyenera kukana chakudya. Amaloledwa kumwa madzi, koma ochepa.
Kuti mudziwe glycemia kunyumba, chala cham mphete chimabedwa koyamba ndi lancet. Dontho la magazi lomwe limayikidwa limayikidwa papepala, lomwe limayikidwa mu mita ndipo pambuyo masekondi angapo likuwonetsa zotsatira zake.
Ngati mitengo yosala kudya imakhala yoposa 5.5 mmol / L, ndiye chifukwa chake maphunziro owonjezera. Nthawi zambiri, kuyesa kwa glucose kumachitika:
- wodwala amamwa 75 g shuga;
- pambuyo pa mphindi 120 magazi amatengedwa ndikuyesa shuga;
- patatha maola ena awiri, muyenera kuyambiranso kubwereza kusanthula kwanu.
Ngati zizindikirozo ndizoposa 7.7 mmol / l, ndiye kuti mwanayo wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mu chamoyo chokulirapo, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda chidwi. Kupatula apo, mahomoni omwe ali ndi ana amakhala otakataka, choncho amatha kupezeka ndi zovuta zachilengedwe.
Chifukwa chake, wodwala amadziwika kuti ndi wodwala matenda ashuga, kuyambira wazaka 18, pomwe seramu yake ya shuga imachokera ku 10 mmol / l. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zotere ziyenera kudziwika mu kafukufuku aliyense.
Koma ngakhale mwana atapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, makolo sayenera kutaya mtima. Choyamba, muyenera kuphunzitsa odwala matenda ashuga kuti azolowere moyo wina.
Kenako zakudya za wodwalayo ziyenera kuwunikidwanso, zinthu zovulaza ndi chakudya chamafuta othamanga siziyenera kuphatikizidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse a endocrinologist ndikupatsa mwana masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwonetsa momwe matenda ashuga amakulira mwa ana.
