Chiwerengero chikuti padziko lonse lapansi anthu pafupifupi 150 miliyoni ali ndi matenda a shuga. Zachisoni, kuchuluka kwa odwala kukukulirakulira tsiku lililonse. Modabwitsa, matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwa njira zakale kwambiri, komabe, anthu adaphunzira kuzindikira ndikuwachiza kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi.
Nthawi zambiri mumamva kuti matenda ashuga ndiowopsa, amawononga moyo. Inde, matendawa amakakamiza wodwalayo kusintha kwambiri moyo wake, koma malinga ndi zomwe dokotala wamupatsa komanso kumwa mankhwala, wodwalayo samakumana ndi mavuto apadera.
Kodi matenda a shuga amachotsera? Ayi, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ziyenera kufunidwa m'matenda a metabolic, koposa zonse pamenepa, kusintha kwa kagayidwe kazakudya. Wodwalayo amamva izi ndikuchita pafupipafupi ndikuwonjezereka kwa ndende yamagazi. Matendawa amatchedwa hyperglycemia.
Vuto lalikulu ndikusokonekera kwa momwe ma insulin amalumikizirana ndi minofu ya thupi, ndikofunikira kuti insulini isunge magazi moyenera. Izi ndichifukwa cha machitidwe a glucose m'maselo onse amthupi ngati gawo lapansi lamphamvu. Pakakhala zolephera mu njira yolumikizirana, shuga wamagazi amadziunjikira, matenda a shuga amakula.
Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga
Matenda a shuga ndi amitundu iwiri: yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda awiriwa ndi osiyana kwambiri, ngakhale mu nkhani yoyamba komanso yachiwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kagayidwe kake kamene kamayambitsa mafuta m'magazi akhale ndi shuga m'magazi.
Mukugwira ntchito kwina kwa thupi mutatha kudya, glucose amalowa m'maselo chifukwa cha ntchito ya insulin. Munthu akakhala ndi matenda ashuga, satulutsa insulini kapena ma cell samayankha, glucose sakalowa mu cell, hyperglycemia imachulukana, ndipo njira yowonongeka kwamafuta imadziwika.
Popanda kuwongolera matenda, wodwala amatha kugwa, zina zowopsa zimachitika, mitsempha ya magazi imawonongeka, kulephera kwa impso, kuphwanya kwa myocardial, kuchuluka kwa khungu. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a m'magazi, miyendo ya wodwalayo imavutika, nthawi yomweyo khungu limayamba, chithandizo chomwe chitha kuchitidwa opareshoni yokha.
Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, kupanga insulini kumatsika kwambiri kapena kusiyiratu, chifukwa chachikulu ndikutengera kwachilengedwe. Yankho la funso loti ngati zingatheke kutenga matenda ashuga kwa wachibale wathu ndizosakhala zabwino. Matenda a shuga angathe kubadwa:
- ngati makolo ali ndi matenda ashuga, mwana ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha hyperglycemia;
- achibale akutali akadwala, kuthekera kwa matenda a m'mizere kumachepa pang'ono.
Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa omwewo sanatengerepo, koma amatanthauzira zake. Matenda a shuga amakula ngati munthu akhudzidwanso ndi zinthu zina. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi ma virus, matenda opatsirana, komanso opareshoni. Mwachitsanzo, ndimatenda opatsirana ndi ma virus, ma antibodies amawoneka mthupi, amawononga insulin, ndikupangitsa kuphwanya kupanga kwake.
Komabe, sikuti zonse zimakhala zoipa kwambiri, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi vuto, wodwalayo sangadziwe chomwe matenda ashuga ali nawo moyo wake wonse. Izi ndizotheka ngati atsogolera zochita, amawonedwa ndi dokotala, amadya moyenera ndipo alibe zizolowezi zoyipa. Monga lamulo, madokotala amazindikira mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi achinyamata.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chikhalidwe cha matenda a shuga:
- 5 peresenti zimatengera mzere wa amayi ndi khumi pamzera wa abambo;
- ngati makolo onse akudwala matenda ashuga, chiwopsezo chomupatsira mwana chikuwonjezeka ndi 70%.
Pakapezeka matenda a mtundu wachiwiri, kuchepa kwa chidwi cha thupi kuloza ku insulin kumachitika, mafuta omwe amapanga chinthu adiponectin, omwe amachititsa kukana kwa zolandirazo, ndiye kuti ali ndi mlandu. Ndikusintha kuti mahomoni ndi glucose alipo, koma ma cell sangalandire glucose.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kunenepa kwambiri kumapitirira, kusintha kumachitika mkati mwa ziwalo, munthu amayamba kuona, ziwiya zake zimawonongeka.
Kupewa matenda a shuga
Ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo, sizowona kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda ashuga ngati njira zotetezera zitha kutheka.
Choyambirira kuchita ndikuwongolera glycemic mwadongosolo. Izi ndizosavuta kukwaniritsa, ndikokwanira kugula glucometer yonyamula, mwachitsanzo, ndi glucometer m'manja mwanu, singano mkati mwake siyiyambitsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu munthawi ya njirayi. Chipangizocho chitha kunyamulidwa nanu, ngati chikufunika. Magazi oti ayang'aniridwe amatengedwa kuchokera pachala padzanja.
Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro za glycemic, muyenera kuwongolera kulemera kwanu, pamene mapaundi owonjezera awonekera popanda chifukwa, ndikofunikira kuti musangodikira mpaka nthawi yomaliza kupita kwa dokotala.
Malingaliro ena ndikuyang'anira kwambiri zakudya zamafuta: pali zakudya zochepa zomwe zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Zakudya zimawonetsedwa kuti zimadyedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a 5-6 patsiku, komaliza iwo amadya maola atatu asanagone usiku.
Malamulo azakudya ndi awa:
- chakudya yama protein ambiri imayenera kupezeka menyu tsiku ndi tsiku, amathandiza kuti muchepetse kulowa kwa shuga m'magazi;
- Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zabwino, osayambitsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kapamba;
- Osamagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zabwino.
Ngati mukukhala ndi mavuto a shuga, mutha kudziwa zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi a glycemia azikhala bwino.
Ngati zikuvuta kudzipenda nokha, mutha kufunsa munthu wina za izi.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga
Zizindikiro zamatenda nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono, matenda a shuga komanso kuwonjezereka kwa hyperglycemia sikudzidziwikitsa.
Kumayambiriro kwa matendawo, wodwalayo amakhala ndiuma pamkamwa, amadwala chifukwa ch ludzu, sangathe kumukhutitsa. Kufuna kumwa kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri mpaka munthu amamwa malita angapo amadzi patsiku. Potengera maziko awa, iye amawonjezera diuresis - kuchuluka kwa magawo ndi mkodzo wathunthu ukuwonjezeka.
Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro za kulemera zimakonda kusintha, mmwamba ndi pansi. Wodwalayo akuda nkhawa kuti khungu liyuma kwambiri, kuyabwa kwambiri, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa zotupa za minofu yofewa. Osatinso kawirikawiri, wodwala matenda ashuga amatenda thukuta, kufooka minofu, kuchiritsa mabala ochepa.
Mawonetsero omwe atchulidwa ndi oyimbira oyamba a matenda, ayenera kukhala mwayi woti ayesedwe shuga msanga. Pamene zinthu zikuipiraipira, zizindikiro za zovuta zikuwoneka, zimakhudza pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamkati. M'malo ovuta kwambiri, pali:
- moyo wowopsa;
- kuledzera kwakukulu;
- kulephera kwa ziwalo zingapo.
Kusokonezeka kumawonetsedwa ndi kusawona bwino, kuyenda kwa mutu, kupweteka kwa m'mitsempha, kutsekeka kwamiyendo, kuchepa mphamvu, kupitirira kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (diastolic ndi systolic), kutupa kwa mwendo, nkhope. Ena odwala matenda ashuga amadwala matenda amtambo, fungo lokhazikika la acetone limamveka pakamwa pawo. (Zambiri mu nkhaniyo - kununkhira kwa acetone mu shuga)
Ngati zovuta zachitika pakumwa, izi zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga kapena chithandizo chokwanira.
Njira Zodziwitsira
Diagnostics imaphatikizapo kudziwa mtundu wa matendawa, kuwunika momwe thupi limakhalira, kukhazikitsa zovuta zokhudzana ndi thanzi. Poyamba, muyenera kupereka magazi kwa shuga, zomwe zimachokera ku 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L zimawonedwa ngati zabwinobwino, ngati malire awa atapitilira, tikulankhula za kusokonekera kwa metabolic. Kuti mumvetse bwino za matendawa, kuyeza glycemia mwachangu kumachitika kangapo mkati mwa sabata.
Njira yofufuzira kwambiri ndi kuyeserera kwa glucose, komwe kumawonetsa kusokonekera kwa metabolic. Kuyesedwa kumachitika m'mawa kutatha maola 14 akusala kudya. Pamaso kusanthula, ndikofunikira kupatula zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kusuta, mowa, mankhwala omwe amachulukitsa shuga.
Amawonetsedwanso kuti amapatsira mkodzo ku glucose, nthawi zambiri sayenera kukhala momwemo. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amakakamizidwa ndi acetonuria, pamene matupi a ketone amadzisonkhanitsa mkodzo.
Kuti muzindikire zovuta za hyperglycemia, kuti mudziwe zamtsogolo, zowonjezera ziyenera kuchitika: kuwunika kwa fundus, excretory urography, ndi electrocardiogram. Ngati mungatenge izi mwachangu, munthu amadwala matendawa nthawi zambiri. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuwonetsa chomwe chikuyambitsa matenda ashuga a mtundu 1 ndi 2.
