Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kwa wodwala sizingakhale zomveka nthawi zonse. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatanganika: ngati adya "ngati wina aliyense", bwanji matendawa adawakhudza, pomwe amapatsira ena moyo womwewo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, zomwe zikuwonetsa ndi zovuta zake.
Mosakayikira, shuga si matenda osavuta kwambiri, kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yake ina ndi yosachiritsika. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi anthu 4 miliyoni amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Koma vuto lenileni lingakhale lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa matendawa samawonekera nthawi yomweyo.
Pambuyo pozindikira, wodwalayo asintha kwambiri m'moyo wake. Choyamba, lumikizanani ndi dokotala-endocrinologist ndi katswiri wazakudya. Ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro omwe adalandilidwa, pakati pake pali mndandanda wazinthu zololedwa ndi zoletsedwa.
Kutsatira ndendende malangizo a dokotala, wodwalayo atha kukhala moyo wodziwa zambiri. Komanso, njira zamakono zamankhwala ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa kale. Koma ndikwabwino kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Izi zikuthandizira kumvetsetsa zomwe kupewa ndi chithandizo chofunikira pankhaniyi.
Lingaliro la matenda a shuga limagwirizanitsa gulu lonse la matenda, nthawi zina mosiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Koma zifukwa zomwe zimapangidwira matenda onsewa ndizofanana - njira zoyipa za metabolic m'thupi. Kukula kwa matenda ashuga ndi hyperglycemia kumayamba - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi.
Pazonse, mitundu yayikulu iwiri imadziwika: Type I and Type IIabetes. Kusiyanitsa koteroko, malinga ndi ambiri a endocrinologists, ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zifukwa zazikuluzikulu za matenda amitundu iwirizi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyanjana kosayenera kwa minofu ndi insulin. Koma, komabe, mtundu wa matendawa ndi wofunikira kudziwa bwino, chifukwa chake matenda a shuga amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala osiyana kwambiri.
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndi hyperglycemia. Mu thupi lathanzi, glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu yama cell, minofu ndi ziwalo. Thupi limapeza shuga kuchokera ku chakudya, kenako amawapanga kukhala mamolekyu osavuta. M'maselo a beta a kapamba, timadzi tofunikira, insulin, timapangidwa. Ndi chifukwa cha mphamvu yake kuti glucose amasinthidwanso kuti ma cell atha kuyamwa.
Mishuga ya shuga imakwera pang'onopang'ono mutatha kudya, pamene glucose amalowa m'magazi ndikufalikira kwa ziwalo kudzera m'magazi. Koma thupi limayesetsa kukhalabe lofanana, chifukwa chake shuga m'magazi "amakhalanso" mwazonse.
Koma ndichinthu chosiyana kwambiri ngati mulingo wa glucose ukhalanso wokwera kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo izi zimachitika mobwerezabwereza. Kenako kuperewera kwa insulini kumachitika: kapamba amatuluka msanga ndipo sangathe kupulumutsa insulini m'mavoliyumu apitawa. Ndi kusowa kwa insulin, kagayidwe, madzi, kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi zimasokonekera, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a Type I.
Matenda a Type II amakula mosiyanasiyana. Cholinga chake sichikusowa konse kwa insulin ya mahomoni, koma kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo ku mahomoni awa.
Ntchito ya kapamba, monga lamulo, siyisokonezedwa, chifukwa chake insulin imapangidwa wokwanira.
Ndikofunika kulongosola pamitundu yayikulu iliyonse ya matenda ashuga, chifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kulandira chithandizo zimachitika molingana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Choyipa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga a mellitus (wodalira insulin). Choyambitsa chofunikira kwambiri cha matenda a shuga pamenepa ndi kukanika kwa pancreatic.
Thupi la wodwalayo lomwe limakhala ndi matenda amtunduwu limatulutsa ma antibodies apadera omwe amakhudza maselo a pancreatic, omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lake lizimuipira. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa insulini sikumasungidwa kuti maselo a minofu amatha kulowa mu shuga. M'mavuto ovuta kwambiri, kupanga mahomoni kumatha. Ndi kuchepa kwa insulin, maselo akulephera kupangira shuga. Chifukwa chake, kukonza kwa "nkhokwe" - mapuloteni ndi mafuta, limodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zowola.
Matenda a Type I a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala obadwa, koma amathanso kupezeka chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoyipa. Achinyamata osaposa zaka 30 mpaka 40, popanda mavuto olemetsa, amakhudzidwa ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda. Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amatchedwanso matenda a shuga a ana, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhudza ana. Pankhaniyi, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi majini ndi ma antigen omwe amapanga kutengera kwa matendawa.
Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri, m'malo mwake, ndi osagwirizana ndi insulin. Zimakhudza makamaka achikulire, kuyambira zaka 40. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi moyo wopanda thanzi komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi. Amakhulupirira kuti shuga amangodya maswiti. Izi ndizowona pang'ono, chifukwa shuga samapezeka m'maswiti ndi chokoleti, komanso muzinthu zina zambiri. Zotsatira zake, munthu amalandira gawo la shuga koposa momwe amafunikira. Chifukwa chake, ndikuyenera kuti matendawa amakula.
Pankhaniyi, matenda a shuga amakula chifukwa chakuti m'thupi mumakhala michere yambiri, ndipo maselo amayamba kuzimva pang'ono.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iwiri yayikuluyo, palinso mitundu ingapo ya matendawa. Munthawi zonsezi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa akazi zimasiyana pang'ono.
Mtundu wocheperako wa matendawa ndi matenda amishuga, omwe amapezeka mwa amayi apakati okha. Poterepa, mahomoni ena amapangidwa m'thupi zomwe zimalepheretsa chidwi cha minofu kulowa insulin. Zotsatira zake ndizofanana ndi kuchepa kwa insulin.
Matenda a shuga ammimba nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa chomwa mitundu ina ya mankhwala:
- Adrenergic blockers.
- Mahomoni a chithokomiro.
- Interferon
- Nicotinic acid, etc.
A enieni mkhutu shuga kulolerana, mtima pambuyo chakudya. Pamenepa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapitilira zomwe zili zofunikira ndipo zimachokera ku 7.8 mpaka 11 mmol / L. Ngati mayesowo atengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kusintha pakati pa 6.8-10 mmol / l. Nthawi zambiri izi sizifuna chithandizo ndipo zimadutsa posakhalitsa.
Chifukwa china chomwe chimayambitsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga sichingakhale kusowa kwa chakudya.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amabwera munthu pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, mwa omwe sakudziwa zomwe zenizeni zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, pali malingaliro ambiri pankhaniyi, mpaka momwe matenda a shuga angatengere.
Endocrinologists amawona kuti chibadwire ndicho vuto lalikulu. Ngati mwana ali ndi abale omwe adapezeka ndi izi, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga chizikhala chokwera kasanu ndi chiwiri kuposa cha anzanu omwe alibe "cholowa" chotere.
Kukonzedweratu kwa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amadziwonekera kudutsa m'badwo uliwonse. Mosiyana ndi izi, zizindikiro za matenda osagwiritsa ntchito insulin omwe amadalira odwala amatha kuchitika m'mibadwo yonse. Komabe, asayansi adziwa kalekale njira ina: nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe matenda omwewo amawafatsira, koma kungodziwikiratu. Mavuto amakula pansi pazinthu zina: ngati palibe zinthu zokwanira, kapena, m'malo mwake, pali zochuluka kwambiri mthupi.
Vuto lachiwopsezo chachiwiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mu zakudya zambiri, munthu amalandira shuga wambiri tsiku lililonse kuposa momwe amafunikira. Mosiyana ndi anthu athanzi, onse omwe ali ndi shuga nthawi zonse amakhala okwera, ndipo akatha kudya amangotuluka kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, pakati pa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, kunenepa kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira. Ngakhale "wofatsa" kwambiri yemwe ndimanenepa kwambiri kawiri kawiri kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo III - kale maulendo 10. Matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kukankhira chitukuko cha matendawa.
Matenda a shuga mu azimayi amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni kapena kubereka.
Poyamba, zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga sizimawoneka, ndipo izi zikugwiranso ntchito pamitundu iwiri yonseyo. Matenda a shuga amatha kukhala zaka zingapo osadzidziwitsa (kapena zizindikirazo zimatha kukhala zosaoneka). Chifukwa cha izi, matenda a shuga amatchedwa "wakupha chete."
Pali njira imodzi yokhayo yodziwira matenda poyambira - kumaliza mayeso onse ofunikira. Koma pochita, kukonza matendawa kumayambiriro sikophweka: ngati palibe zizindikiro, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chofufuzira. Zizindikiro monga kufooka komanso kusakwiya zimadziwika chifukwa chotopa, komanso ludzu la chakudya chaposachedwa.
Ndi kukula kwa matendawa, zizindikiro zimayamba kutchulidwa. Mawonetsero otsatirawa ayenera kuchenjeza:
- Kuchepetsa kukonzanso khungu (ngakhale zopindika zazing'ono zimachiritsa kwanthawi yayitali, nthawi zina mafinya amawonekera),
- kuchepa kwa zowoneka bwino,
- kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
- kuwonda kwakukulu (popanda chifukwa chodziwika),
- kukodza pafupipafupi,
- ludzu losalekeza
- mutu
- kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
Zizindikiro zina zitha kukhala zosiyana mwachindunji ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Mwachitsanzo, kuthekera sikuti kutayika, koma phindu lolemera (makamaka mwa abambo). Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuyendetsa bwino kwa chithokomiro. Ndizothekanso kuti munthu azikhala ndi njala ndikudya kwambiri, koma kulemera kwake sikuwonjezeka, kapena kusintha pang'ono.
Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amadandaula za pakhungu - kuyabwa, kupendama kumawonekera. Kuchepetsa tsitsi kumakulirakulira. Koma zolakwika zodzikongoletsera izi sizofunikira monga zizindikiro zina. Kwa odwala, kugwira ntchito kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, mavuto atulo amawoneka, kupweteka mumtima ndi minofu kumawonekera.
Choyipa chachikulu ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumayamba matenda a matenda ashuga, omwe amatha kupha. Mavuto enanso ndi kuchepa kwa mano, kuzunzika, kusawona (kwathunthu, pang'ono), kulephera kwa impso, gangore.
Ngati kupezeka kwa chizindikiro chilichonse cha matenda ashuga, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Kuti adziwe matendawa, wodwalayo amayenera kuyesedwa (magazi ndi mkodzo) ndikuyezetsa magazi a m'mimba. Komanso, nthawi zambiri ndi shuga wokayikiridwa, kuyesedwa kwapadera kwa glucose kumayikidwa.
Matenda a shuga a Type I ndi ovuta kuchiza. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, wodwalayo amayenera kubayira jakisoni nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake matendawo amatchedwanso insulin.
Zimadziwika kuti insulin ya mahomoni imawonongedwa ndi michere yokugaya, motero jakisoni ndiyo njira yokhayo yolimbikitsira mulingo wake mthupi pamlingo wofunikira.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin pakudya. Nthawi zina, pochiza komanso kupewa matenda ashuga, muyenera kutsatira kwambiri zakudya, osapatula mndandanda wazinthu zonse zokhala ndi shuga, misuzi ya zipatso, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi komanso maswiti.
Pali pafupifupi zosatheka kuchira matenda amtunduwu. Milandu yakuchira kwathunthu kwa odwala matenda a shuga amadziwika, koma amafunika kusintha kwakukulu pakudya ndikusinthira ku chakudya chosavomerezeka kokha komanso kusala kudya kochizira.
Chithandizo chothandiza kwa matenda amtundu wa II ndikuchepetsa thupi pang'onopang'ono. Kutaya makilogalamu oposa 3-4 pa sabata sikulimbikitsidwa.
Kukwaniritsa bwinobwino kunenepa kuyenera kuchitika kwa moyo wonse.
Monga mukudziwa, kukhala ndi thanzi ndikosavuta kuposa kuyesera kubwezeretsa pambuyo pamavuto akulu. Chifukwa chake, zilizonse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, munthu sayenera kuloleza kuti matenda awonekere.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndizofanana kwa akulu ndi ana. Ngakhale kuti munthu sangasinthe mtundu wina, amatha kutha kuwongolera. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
- Limbitsani chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoyipa (maswiti, mafuta, ufa) ndi zakumwa zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri.
- Phatikizani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano m'zakudya zanu.
- Ngati pali matenda, sankhani mitundu yoyenera yothandizirana ndi dokotala.
- Chepetsani kunenepa kwambiri, kutsatira mfundo za zakudya zopatsa thanzi (koma osadya zakudya).
- Pangani anzanu pamasewera kapena kuwonjezera masewera olimbitsa thupi.
- Phunzirani kuthana ndi nkhawa.
Ponena za ana, njira yayikulu yopewera matenda ashuga kuyamwitsa, chifukwa imathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mwana ndikukulitsa kukhazikika kwa thupi. Kwa ana okulirapo, ndikofunikira kupewa kuperewera kwa michere m'zakudya.
Ndikofunika kunena kuti kupewa sikuti kumathandiza kupewa matendawa, koma pamakhala mavuto ochepa azaumoyo ndipo kumakhala kosavuta kuthana ndi matendawa. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.
