Zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kwachuluka kwambiri. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, kukhala mokwanira komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chambiri cha matenda.
Zakudya zamafuta ndi zotsekemera, zakudya zomwe zimasowa mu fiber ndi zakudya zachilengedwe, komanso zopatsa thanzi kawiri patsiku, makamaka usiku, zapangitsa kuti pofika chaka cha 2017 pali odwala pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri sazindikira kukula kwa matenda awo.
Chifukwa chake chidwi chamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda a shuga chikuchulukirachulukira ndipo anthu ambiri akufuna kudziwa momwe angapewere matenda ashuga.
Ndani angatenge matenda a shuga?
Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga ndikokula kwamatenda oyenda mozungulira, masomphenya, kulephera kwa impso ndikuduladula kwam'munsi. Chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi matenda a matenda ashuga ndiochuluka kwambiri kuposa m'magulu ena a anthu.
Mawonetsedwe onsewa amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi mkati mwake ndikuwonongeka kwake kwa khoma lamitsempha, komanso kusintha kwa kusintha kwa atherosselotic m'matumbo. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, kapena amayamba kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga.
Chikhalidwe cha matenda a shuga chimafalikira kudzera pamtundu, koma zoyambitsa zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic zimakhala ndi kusiyana komwe kumayenderana ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulini ithere komanso zotsatira zake - hyperglycemia.
Type 1 shuga mellitus ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a autoimmune:
- Kuphatikiza pafupipafupi ndi autoimmune chithokomiro, kuphatikiza poyizoni.
- Kukhalapo kwa kutupa (insulin) mu kapamba.
- Kuzindikiritsa ma autoantibodies ku ma cell a pancreatic beta
Kuwonongeka kwa kapamba ndi mapangidwe a autoimmune zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochita za ma virus: retrovirus, cytomegalovirus, Coxsackie ndi mumps, komanso congenital rubella. Chiyanjano chinapezekanso ndikusamutsidwa koyambirira kwa ana akhanda kudyetsa zakudya zosakanikirana zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni omwe ali ofanana ndi kapamba.
Type 2 shuga mellitus imakhalanso chifukwa cha cholowa chamtsogolo, koma kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti kulekerera kwama glucose kokha komwe kumatha kufalikira, ndi zinthu zakunja ndizochita zazikulu.
Pakati pawo, chinthu chachikulu ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, kuchepa thupi kumatha kubwezeretsa kuyankha kwa cell ku insulin ndikuchepetsa glycemia. Chifukwa chake, kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuthana ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, kukula kwa kulemera kwamthupi kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri, popanda momwe chithandizo sichingagwire ntchito.
Zina zomwe zingakulitse chiopsezo chanu cha matenda ndi izi:
- Zaka zopitilira 45.
- Zolimbitsa thupi.
- Endocrine matenda.
- Mimba
- Kusuta.
- Matenda oopsa.
- Zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso mafuta ochulukirapo omwe ali ndi chakudya chochuluka muzakudya.
- Matenda a chiwindi.
- Atherosulinosis
Kuwonetsa koyamba kwa matenda ashuga kumaphatikizapo kukodandaula pafupipafupi komanso moperewera, kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi ludzu, kuchepa thupi kosalephera ngati wodwala akudwala matenda amtundu wa 1, kuvutika kuchepetsa thupi ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, khungu loyenda, kufooka komanso kugona, kusawona bwino, komanso matenda pafupipafupi ndi matenda a fungal.
Chakudya cha Matenda A shuga
Kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda ashuga kumayambira ndi bungwe la zakudya, ichi ndiye chinthu choyamba chomwe shuga amawopa. Lamulo lofunikira ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu kuchokera ku chakudya. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kusiyiratu shuga ndi ufa woyera muzosakanikirana zilizonse zamtundu uliwonse wa shuga.
Izi zikugwira ntchito pa confectionery, makeke, maswiti ndi mchere, komanso zipatso zotsekemera, timadziti topangidwa ndi fakitale, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi ndi ayisikilimu. Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito uchi, jamu, mphesa, madeti ndi nthochi. Mpunga, semolina, mbatata ndi pasitala sizikuphatikizidwanso.
Zakudya zonse zamafuta, makamaka zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yayikulu, ndizoletsedwa. Izi zikuphatikiza nyama za nyama zakumwa zokhala ndi nyama monga mkaka, nyama yopanda mafuta, mafuta ophikira ndi mkaka - mafuta ophikira, kirimu wowawasa, tchizi cha kanyumba wokhala ndi mafuta opitilira 9%, batala ndi maphunziro oyamba.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi, zakudya zamasamba muzakudya, zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta osakwaniritsidwa komanso zimalepheretsa kukula kwa atherosclerosis. Chofunikira ndicho kuyambitsa menyu wazakudya zamasamba tsiku lililonse kuchokera ku masamba abwino monga masamba: kabichi, nkhaka, tomato, zitsamba, kaloti, tsabola wa belu.
Muthanso kuwonjezera zakudya za oat kapena tirigu ku mbewu monga chimanga, zinthu mkaka wowotchera, tchizi kanyumba kapena kuphika mbale yoyamba pa msuzi wa chinangwa. Zinthu zothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi awa: Yerusalemu artichoke, chicory, blueberries, nyemba, walnuts, outututa osatulutsa, buckwheat, cranberries, blueberries. Zonunkhira zimachepetsa shuga: sinamoni, ginger.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1, odwala omwe amalandira insulin ngakhale atapeza mlingo waukulu sangathe kulipirira ntchito yake pakudya koletsedwa. Ndi mankhwala a insulin, gawo lofunikira ndilofanana pakati pa zakudya zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi chakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, lingaliro la mkate lidayambitsidwa.
Pa 1 unit yofanana ndi 10 g yamafuta, pamafunika magawo 1.4 a insulin yocheperako kapena yochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe amapezeka m'magawo a mikate akhoza kuwerengera motere:
- Kugwira ntchito molimbika, kusowa thupi - 27-30 patsiku.
- Kulemera kwabwinobwino, ntchito yolimba kwambiri - 20-22.
- Ntchito yopuma, kulemera ndikubwinobwino - 15-17 XE.
- Moyo wongokhala, wonenepa pang'ono - 10 XE patsiku.
- Ndi kunenepa kwambiri 6-8.
Pankhaniyi, kudya zakudya ayenera kukhala osachepera 5 patsiku, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumagawidwa chimodzimodzi pakati pawo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti cholinga choperekera zakudya ndi insulini ndichokulipira magazi a glycemia, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwedwa.
Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chithandizo chamankhwala ndicho njira zazikulu zochiritsira, komanso kumwa mapiritsi ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Popanda zinthu zitatu izi, matenda ashuga sangathe kugonjetsedwa. Njira yachikhalidwe yofotokozera zakudya zimakhazikitsidwa motengera mfundo izi:
- Calorie chiletso.
- Kuchotsedwa kwa chakudya chamafuta.
- Kutsitsa mafuta a nyama.
Kutsika kwa kudya kwa calorie komanso kuchepa kwa thupi kumapangitsa kuti shuga asinthe, koma sizivuta kwa odwala omwe chizolowezi chomangodya mopatsa mphamvu amalimbikitsidwa ndi zaka zambiri za mabanja, miyambo yamtundu, zomwe amakonda komanso kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi.
Hyperinsulinemia imalimbitsa chilimbikitso cha kudya ndi mafuta; chifukwa chake, odwala sangapirire zoletsa zovuta kudya kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zotsatira zake, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuwunika kwa odwala, samakumana ndi zomwe amayembekeza nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, njira yachiwiri ikufunsidwa, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi kusankha kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.
Zogulitsa zimagawika m'magulu atatu, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe. Kuthana ndi matenda a shuga, kuphatikiza zakudya zomwe zili ndi index yotsika ya glycemic ndikulimbikitsidwa, yomwe imachepetsa kukondoweza kwa insulin. Ndi njira iyi, chikhalidwe chofunikira ndikofunika kwambiri kukumbukira nthawi yakudya komanso kusowa kwa chakudya chambiri.
Zotsatira zamankhwala omwe asankhidwa bwino ndi:
- Matenda a kulemera kwa thupi.
- Kubwezeretsa chidwi cha minofu ku insulin.
- Inachepetsa insulin.
- Kutsitsa cholesterol ndi glycemia.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga.
Monga cholowa shuga m'malo olemera kwambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe alibe kalori: aspartame, saccharin. Mankhwala otetezedwa bwino ndi mankhwala otsekemera achilengedwe - hervia herb. Itha kugulidwa ngati Tingafinye m'mapiritsi kapena manyuchi. Udzu wa Stevia ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu 2 komanso matenda a shuga 1, chifukwa sizikhudza kwambiri shuga.
Muli, kuwonjezera pa ma steviosides okoma, ma antioxidants, kufufuza zinthu, ma amino acid omwe amalimbitsa njira za metabolic komanso kuchepa kwa thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yamphamvu ya thupi, thandizitsani kulimbitsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi, kusintha kwa minofu pambuyo povulala.
Mankhwala othandizira odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ofatsa amatha kutsegula shuga kunyumba, motero amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda mankhwala kuti muchepetse shuga.
Zikadachitika kuti chakudyacho chalephera kulipirira shuga, ndiye kuti matendawa amakula mosiyana ndi momwe adayambira.
Zochita zathupi
Kafukufuku adachitika pomwe odwala pafupifupi 3,500 omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga adatenga nawo mbali. Zosankha ziwiri zidaperekedwa kwa iwo: woyamba adatsata zakudya zomwe amakonda ndi moyo wawo, ndipo wachiwiri adalandira chakudya chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso amayenda mwachangu masiku 10 pa sabata kwa mphindi 10 nthawi 3 katatu patsiku (mphindi 150 zokha pa sabata).
Patatha zaka zitatu, mgulu lachiwiri, momwe zinthu zilili, ma glucose ofotokozera, kagayidwe ka lipid adayamba kuyenda bwino, adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Enap, Bisoprolol, statins nthawi zambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kutsika kwa thupi.
Kwa ambiri, zosintha zachitika kale m'mwezi woyamba, ndipo mtsogolomo, ambiri adatha kusiya mankhwala (omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga) ndikusunga glycemia pokhapokha ngati amadya. Odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito insulin pokonzekera kulandira mankhwala amatha kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa.
Ngakhale machitidwe osavuta olimbitsa thupi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amathandizira kuchepetsa ngozi ya matenda amtima, kukana insulini komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kukwera maulendo, okhalitsa mphindi 20 patsiku, kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi mikwingwirima ndi 35%.
Zotsatira zolimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndi izi:
- Kuchulukitsa kwa kuchuluka kwa mtima
- Amachepetsa kugunda kwa mtima.
- Kulowetsedwa kwa oksijeni m'magazi ndikuchokera mu minofu kumathandizira.
- Kuchuluka kwamapapo
- Magazi a capillary amakhala bwino.
- Njira za Oxidation zimathandizira kwambiri.
- Kupuma kwamatenda ndi ma cell ma mitochondria ntchito ukuwonjezeka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kuthana ndi matenda a shuga pokhapokha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mukakwaniritsidwa. Mu magawo oyamba a mtundu 2 wa shuga, kuperekanso mankhwala sikofunikira.
Koma ngati wodwalayo ali ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu za shuga m'magazi kapena njira ya matenda a shuga imayendera limodzi ndi kufunika kwa mankhwala a insulin, ndiye kuti kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakhala maziko a mankhwalawo.
Kuti musankhe dongosolo labwino kwambiri la okalamba, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikuyezetsa mtima kuti mupeze vuto ngati izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chofunikira chogwiritsira ntchito njira zonse zoperekera shuga ya magazi ndizowonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, makamaka ndi insulin. Miyeso imeneyi iyenera kutengedwa musanalowe jekeseni wa insulin iliyonse musanayambe kugona. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kulumikizidwa kwa glycemic kumalimbikitsidwa osachepera 1-2 pa tsiku.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti lipange kafukufuku wa glycated hemoglobin kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu cha matenda a shuga, komanso kuwunika magazi ndi cholesterol m'magazi.
Pofuna kupewa zovuta, kuyezetsa kwapafupipafupi ndi a neurologist, nephrologist ndi optometrist ndikofunikira. Asayansi okha ndi omwe amatha kuthana ndi kudziletsa pakokha.
