Shuga yamagazi a mayunitsi 26 ali ndi glucose wambiri mthupi, chifukwa cha momwe matenda ena oopsa a hyperglycemic amapezeka. Kuopsa kwa izi ndikuti matendawa ali ndi zovuta zambiri za anthu odwala matenda ashuga.
Dera la hyperglycemic limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi la munthu. Ngati phindu la glucose limasiyana magawo 8 mpaka 10, ndiye kuti kuwonjezeka pang'ono kumadziwika.
Panthawi yomwe shuga amasintha kuchokera ku magawo 10 mpaka 16, izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa hyperglycemic. Ngati shuga ali mkati mwa malire kwa nthawi yayitali, izi zikuwonetsa kuti sizinali zotheka kulipiritsa matendawa.
Shuga m'magazi a munthu, makamaka zikuwonetsa, akhoza kupereka chidziwitso cha ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe. Ngati zinthuzo zili mkati mwazovomerezeka, izi zikuwonetsa kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa thupi.
Kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa shuga ndikupatuka kuchoka pachizolowezi, kuwonetsa kuti vuto la pathological lachitika m'thupi. Mkulu kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kudzetsa mavuto akulu, kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zamkati ndi machitidwe.
Shuga Mellitus: Zambiri
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuopsa kwa shuga nthawi yayitali kumakhala m'mavuto ambiri komanso zovuta zina, zina zomwe sizingasinthe.
Ziwerengero zachipatala zimawonetsa kuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda achitatu omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu mosatengera zaka. Shuga wambiri amatha kubweretsa kulumala, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kosasinthika, ndi kufa.
Tsoka ilo, sizingatheke kuchotsa matendawa kwathunthu, ngakhale kudzera mu mankhwala amakono. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo yochepetsera zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo ndikukhala moyo wathunthu ndikulamulira kosalekeza.
Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda osachiritsika:
- Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umadziwika chifukwa chakuti insulin imalimbikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Palibenso njira ina yothandizira masiku ano. Mankhwalawa adzakhala amoyo wonse.
- Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa odwala opitirira zaka 40. Dokotala woyamba kusankha ndi kukonza moyo, kusintha kwa thanzi, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.
Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, shuga ammagazi "amalumphira" ku magawo 26 kapena kuposerapo, ndipo palibe njira zomwe zingachepetse, ndiye kuti gawo lachiwiri la chithandizo likulimbikitsidwa - mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga.
Zachidziwikire, mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo, mapiritsi sangathe kugwira ntchito moyenera. Nthawi yotalika ikadutsa, kugwira ntchito kwawo mokwanira pakuchepetsa shuga kumachepetsedwa, motero, matenda a shuga salinso kuwongoleredwa.
Poterepa, adotolo akuvomereza kuyang'anira insulin. Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti ngati insulin yolembedwera matenda a shuga a 2, ndiye kuti ichi chikhala kwamuyaya. Kupatula pazochitika zachilendo kwambiri, ndizotheka kusiya nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, izi ndizosiyana ndi lamulo.
Palinso mitundu yapadera ya matenda ashuga monga matenda a Modi ndi Lada. Izi ma pathologies ali ndi mawonekedwe awo, pazochita zamankhwala komanso nthawi yamatendawa.
Hyperglycemic coma chifukwa cha shuga wambiri
Kuzungulira kwa glucose kwachilengedwe m'thupi la munthu kumayambira magawo 3,3 mpaka 5.5, ngati kuli koyenera. Mwa ana aang'ono, malire a shuga amachepera pang'ono - ndi magawo a 5.1-5.2. Mwa achikulire okalamba, malirewo ndi ochepa kuposa - 6.4 mayunitsi.
Pakakhala kupatuka kuzungulira pompopompo, izi sizimadutsa popanda kutsatira. Ndizotheka kuti wodwalayo samva zizindikiro zoyipa, komabe, shuga wambiri amasokoneza kugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi.
Ngati wodwala ali ndi shuga wambiri mpaka magawo 26, ndiye kuti pamakhala vuto lalikulu kwambiri, ndikuwopseza chikomokere. Ziwerengero zamankhwala zimati pafupifupi 10% ya milandu imabweretsa imfa ya wodwala.
Coma sichinthu chofulumira, zoterezi zimakhala ndi magawo angapo:
- Mwazi wamagazi siopitilira magawo 11, shuga amawonekera mumkodzo, palibe insulin kukana.
- Ndende ya shuga imasiyana magawo 11 mpaka 19, zomwe zimakhala ndi mkodzo zimachuluka. Kutsutsa kwa insulin kumadziwika.
- Mwazi wamagazi wopitilira mayunitsi 20, kuchuluka kwa glucose mkodzo, kutsika kwakukulu kwa thupi.
Njira ya coma imawoneka motere: mulibe insulin yokwanira mthupi, shuga sangatengeke bwino kwathunthu pama cellular. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale pali shuga wam'mbuyo, minofu yake "ili ndi njala", sangathe kuyamwa shuga.
Thupi limafunikira chiwopsezo champhamvu, kuti lilandire, njira yogawa tinthu ta adipose imayamba. Munthawi ya kupangika kwa mankhwala m'thupi, zinthu zophatikiza zimamasulidwa - matupi a ketone.
Matupi awa sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi kwambiri, chifukwa, izi zimadzetsa kuledzera kwambiri ndi zotsatirapo zonse zotsatirapo zake.
Pambuyo njirayi akhoza kupita m'njira zingapo:
- Mwazi wamagazi ukupitilira kukula mwachangu, motero, hyperglycemic coma imachitika.
- Matupi a Ketone akukula mwachangu, ndipo kukula uku patsogolo pa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ketoacidotic coma.
Kutengera mtundu wa njira za metabolic mthupi, komanso thanzi la wodwalayo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za metabolic kumatha kuwonjezeka komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, kukomoka kwa hyperosmolar kumatha kuchitika.
Mosasamala mtundu wa kupunduka, izi zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri mthupi la munthu, ndipo zimawopseza olumala, kufalikira kwa ziwalo zam'mimba komanso kufa pambuyo pake.
Hyperosmolar chikomokere pamayambiriro a shuga
Wodwala akakhala ndi vuto la hyperglycemic, ndiye kuti osmolarity yamadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amawonjezeka. Popeza thupi laumwini limayang'anira pawokha shuga, likuyesetsa kuthana ndi vutoli.
Zotsatira zake, madzi ambiri ochokera m'maselowo amalowa m'mitsempha ya magazi, yomwe imapangitsa kutsekeka kwathunthu kwa thupi. Mkhalidwe womwe shuga ndi 26 kapena kupitirira, koma matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis samadziwika, amatchedwa hyperosmolar coma.
Monga lamulo, matenda amtunduwu amakula mu odwala matenda ashuga okalamba, makamaka iwo omwe amachita chithandizo chamankhwala choyenera komanso njira zina, koma osalowetsa insulin m'thupi.
Zoyambitsa matendawa zoyambira ndi kufooka, kusayang'anira ndikutopa, komanso kudzutsidwa wamba. Pakakhala chikhumbo cha kumwa madzi ambiri momwe mungathere, kuwonjezeka kwamikodzo inayake yamkodzo patsiku kumapezeka. Kuphwanya chikumbumtima kumachitika chifukwa cha kugona, kusokosera komanso kutha ndi chikomokere.
Chithunzi cha chipatala chikhoza kukhala motere:
- Zowonera zonyansa.
- Kuthothoka kwa minofu kapena kusayenda bwino kwathunthu kumawonedwa.
- Kusokonekera kwa mawu.
- Kupanda kuzizira kapena kusangalala kwambiri.
- Mikhalidwe yopweteka.
- Matenda a khunyu.
- Zizindikiro.
Zizindikiro zoterezi sizingakhale zopanda pake, palibe njira zam'nyumba zomwe zingathandizire kuthana ndi vutoli. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite kuchipatala msanga.
Chithandizo chimachitika pokhapokha ngati pali odwala osamala kwambiri, ndipo amaphatikizanso mayendedwe angapo a mankhwala.
Mankhwala
Mwazi wamagazi 26 choti muchite? Choyamba, munthu sanganyalanyaze vuto limodzi; ndikofunikira kusiya zoyesayesa zonse kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi. Kachiwiri, muyenera kuyesa kupeza chifukwa chomwe chidapangitsa kuti shuga awonjezeke.
Kuwongolera shuga mthupi ndiye chimaliziro chachikulu chilipiro la matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a shuga amellitus amatanthauza kuti munthu sadzakhalanso ndi moyo monga kale. Koma, ngati mumvera malingaliro onse a dokotala ndikuwakwaniritsa munthawi yake, zotsatira zoyipa zitha kuthetsedwa.
Ngati njira zosavuta (zakudya, masewera) sizithandiza, muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala, adzakupatsani mankhwala othandizira kuti muchepetse shuga. Mankhwala otere amabwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana, motsatana, amachita mosiyanasiyana.
Komabe, ali ndi cholinga chimodzi - uku ndi kusintha kwa shuga mthupi. Kulemba mankhwala pawokha sikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa ali ndi zotsutsana zambiri komanso zoyipa.
Zochizira matenda amishuga amtundu 2, adokotala atha kuvomereza izi:
- Glucobay.
- Glucophage (ngati wodwalayo ndi wonenepa kwambiri).
- Metformin.
- Bagomet.
Kodi ndi mankhwala ati omwe adzapatsidwe chithunzi cha matenda enaake, ndizosatheka kunena. Zonse zimatengera zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga mu thupi.
Malingana, mankhwalawa amakhalanso payokha.
Nthawi zambiri kuyamba ndi yaying'ono mlingo, kuonjezera izo pang'onopang'ono moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.
Zambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga
Aliyense amene wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga amadziwa kuti kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri komanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi ndiye njira yabwino yolipirira matenda ashuga.
Panthawi yomwe shuga akuchepa, ndipo pakupita nthawi sikukula, odwala ambiri amakana upangiri wa udokotala, akukhulupirira kuti athetsa matendawa, ndipo akhala bwino.
Zowonadi, izi siziri choncho konse. Muyenera kuyang'anira matenda osachiritsika tsiku lililonse, sabata iliyonse, ndi zina zambiri mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wanu. Kupatuka kulikonse pamalamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, omwewo amawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta, kuphatikizapo zosasintha. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwonetsa kuti shuga yayikulu ndi chiyani.
