Kodi matenda ashuga angachiritsidwe? Funso ili limafunsidwa ndi odwala onse omwe adamva kaye kuzindikiridwa koteroko. Komabe, kuti muyankhe funso lofunikirali, ndikofunikira kuti mutembenukire kumagwero am matendawa, kuti muphunzire mitundu ya matenda.
Muzochita zamankhwala, mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri wa matenda osachiritsika nthawi zambiri amapezeka, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ake a chithunzi cha chipatala, motero, mankhwalawo ndi osiyana.
Mitundu yapadera ya matenda, monga matenda a shuga a Modi kapena Lada, sapezeka kwambiri. Ndikotheka kuti matenda awa ndi ochulukirachulukira, sizotheka kudziwa bwinobwino matendawa.
Ndikofunikira kulingalira ngati ndizotheka kuchiritsa matenda ashuga, ndipo kodi pali milandu yeniyeni yochiritsika machitidwe azachipatala? Kodi a boma amati chiyani pamenepa, ndipo amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga amathandizidwa bwanji?
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga: kodi ungathe kuchiritsidwa?
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pali mitundu iwiri yodwala - matenda 1 a shuga komanso chachiwiri.
Mtundu woyamba (mayina ena - achinyamata kapena shuga wa ana) umachitika chifukwa cha njira za autoimmune zomwe zimawononga ma cell a pancreatic kapena kutseka kupanga insulini, chifukwa, mahomoni samapangidwanso.
Chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha matenda osachiritsika chikuyamba kuwonetsa chitukuko cha matenda pamene 80% yama cell a pancreatic afa.
Odwala ambiri akuda nkhawa ngati mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 ungathe kuchiritsidwa. Tsoka ilo, ngakhale pali kuchuluka kwambiri kwa zamankhwala ndi zina zomwe zachitika pantchito zamankhwala, njirayi siyingasinthe, ndipo pakadali pano palibe mankhwala omwe amathandizira kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito.
Akatswiri azachipatala sanaphunzirebe momwe angapewere, kusintha kapena kusiya kayendedwe ka autoimmune. Ndipo mawuwa sakutanthauza mtundu wokhawo wodwala, komanso matenda ena a autoimmune.
Chifukwa chake, titha kufotokozera mwachidule zotsatirazi pafunso la ngati tingathe kuchotsa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga:
- Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana aang'ono kapena achinyamata, sichisowa kwenikweni mwa akulu (mtundu wa matenda a Lada) pakadali pano.
- Dziko silikudziwa vuto limodzi pamene munthu adachiritsidwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda.
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wonse, ndikofunikira kupereka jakisoni wa insulin m'moyo wonse. M'masiku ano, iyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopewa magazi, kupewa kudumpha ndi madontho ake.
Tsoka ilo, pali anthu ambiri osakhulupirika omwe amati shuga imatha kuchiritsidwa. Amapereka chithandizo chachinsinsi "chinsinsi", njira zam'mimba zothandizira, komanso "njira zawo zochiritsira."
Makolo amakhala okonzeka kuchita zambiri, ngakhale mtengo wokwanira wa chithandizo choterocho kupulumutsa mwana wawo nthendayo. Koma izi ndi zachinyengo, ndipo milandu yeniyeni yochiritsa mozizwitsa sinalembedwe.
Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amathandizika: ziyembekezo zamtsogolo zamankhwala
Ngakhale kuti pakadali pano ndizosatheka kuti munthu ayambenso kudwala matenda ashuga amtundu 1, izi sizitanthauza kuti asayansi sakuyang'ana njira ndi njira zomwe zingathandizire kulimbana ndi matenda oyamba posachedwa.
Mankhwala atsopano, matekinoloje, ndi njira zina zikupangidwa kuti zithandizire kuchiza matenda ashuga.
Ndizotheka kuti posachedwapa. Zikhala bwanji, odwala ali ndi chidwi? Zitha kutheka kupanga pancreas yogwira ntchito mokwanira.
Zomwe zikuchitika zikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsa bwino ma cell a beta. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga mankhwala atsopano omwe amatha kutsekereza njira za autoimmune, ndikuonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa maselo atsopano a beta, akupita patsogolo.
Ngati tirikunena za zenizeni, kapamba wa chiyambi chakupanga ndiye lingaliro labwino kwambiri la kuchira kwathunthu kwa matenda ashuga.
Komabe, kuyankhula za kuchira kwathunthu sikuli konse konse, chifukwa muyenera kupanga chida chachikulu kwambiri - chida (chida, zida) chomwe chidzayendetse palokha kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi la munthu, kuwasunga pamlingo wofunikira. Potengera maziko awa, chitsulo chake sichingagwire ntchito.
Ponena za zomwe zatsala, zomwe zikuchitika molowera kuchira kwathunthu kwamatenda, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti odwala sayenera kuyembekezera zaka 10 zikubwerazi.
Komabe, sikuti zonse ndizachisoni monga zikuwonekera poyamba. Masiku ano pali chilichonse chomwe mungafune, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wochepetsa kuyipa kwa matendawa, womwe umapereka mwayi wodikirira kubwera kwamtsogolo ndi zovuta zochepa.
Munjira iyi, tikulankhula za zolembera zapadera za syringe zoperekera mahomoni, mapampu a insulini, ma glucometer ndi machitidwe kuti azitha kuyang'anira shuga mthupi la munthu.
Kodi kuchiritsa matenda ashuga a 2?
Chifukwa chake, zidapezeka kuti palibe munthu m'modzi padziko lapansi yemwe angachiritsidwe matenda a shuga 1. Chotsatira, muyenera kulingalira ngati ndizotheka kuchotsa mtundu 2 wa shuga kapena ayi?
Polankhula za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, ndikotheka kuyankha funso pamwambapa, zosankha zovuta. Kugonjetsa matenda kumatengera mwachindunji zina.
Choyamba, kodi zochita za wodwalayo ndizogwira ntchito motani, komanso mpaka wodwalayo amatsatira zomwe dokotala amafunikira. Chachiwiri, ndi chiyani chomwe chikuchitika ndi matenda osachiritsika mwa anthu. Chachitatu, kodi pali zovuta zilizonse, ali kukula kotani?
Kodi matenda amtundu wa 2 angachiritsidwe? Matenda a mtundu wachiwiri ndi njira ya multifactorial, ndiye kuti, pali zifukwa zingapo zovuta komanso zovuta zomwe zimadzetsa kukula kwa matendawa.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa ndi kulemera kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri pa gawo lililonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu yofewa itaye chidwi chawo chonse ndi insulin ya mahomoni. Mwanjira ina:
- Mu mitundu yachiwiri ya odwala matenda ashuga, thupi limakhala ndi mahomoni okwanira (nthawi zina amakhala okwera kwambiri), komabe, siligwira ntchito mokwanira, chifukwa sizidziwika ndi minofu yofewa.
- Momwemo, timadzi timadzi timadzi tambiri timadziti, timene timayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chake, pamlingo wina, ndipo pokhapokha, titha kunena kuti matenda a shuga amachiritsika, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi ndikofunikira kuti tichotse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa ziwonetsero zama cell ku mahomoni.
Ngakhale kuti mu 2017 palibe njira yothandizira kuchiritsa matendawa, pali mndandanda wathunthu wazinthu, podziwa kuti, mungathe kupewa kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kupita ku mahomoni.
Zinthu zomwe zimabweretsa insulin kukana
Palibe anthu padziko lapansi omwe achotsa kwathunthu ku "matenda okoma". Komabe, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha odwala omwe adakwanitsa kulipirira matendawa, kukwaniritsa shuga wamba mthupi, ndikuwakhazikika pamlingo wofunikira.
Muzochita zachipatala, zinthu zimadziwika zomwe zimatsogolera kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kupita ku mahomoni. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi zaka, ndipo anthu ochulukirapo ali ndi zaka, mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi matenda a shuga.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chinthu chachiwiri. Kukhala moyo wongokhala kumachepetsa kwambiri chidwi cha maselo kupita ku mahomoni, kumakhudza kayendedwe ka metabolic mthupi la munthu.
Zotsatirazi zitha kusiyanitsidwa:
- Zakudya Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya yambiri kumabweretsa insulin kukana.
- Kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri. Mu minofu ya adipose pamakhala chiwerengero chochulukirapo cha ma receptor omwe amalumikizana ndi mahomoni.
- Choyipa. Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda mu mwana chili pafupifupi 10%. Ngati nthendayo yapezeka mwa makolo onse a mwana, ndiye kuti matenda amtsogolo akuwonjezeka ndi 30-40%.
Monga momwe zomwe tafotokozazi zikuwonetsa, munthu sangathe kuyambitsa zinthu zina, ngakhale atayesetsa motani. M'malo mwake, zimangoyanjananso ndi iwo.
Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakonzedwe bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya za anthu, kunenepa kwambiri.
"Zokumana nazo" zamatenda ndi kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu
Kuthekera kwenikweni kwa kuchira kwathunthu kwamatenda kumatengera kutalika kwa matenda, ndipo mphindi iyi ndiyofunikira kwambiri. Mosazindikira, aliyense amamvetsetsa kuti matenda omwe adapezeka kumayambiriro koyambirira amatha kuthandizidwa mosavuta komanso mwachangu kuposa matenda omwe akhala akuchulukira m'zaka 5 kapena kuposerapo. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?
Choyamba, zonse zimatengera zovuta. Matenda "okoma" sikuti akuwopseza moyo wa wodwalayo, koma "kuperewera" kwa chidziwitso chamatsenga kumachitika mu ziwalo zambiri zamkati ndi machitidwe.
"Makamaka" a shuga mwa wodwala, zovuta za matenda zimapezeka kwambiri, zomwe sizisintha. Mavuto amakhala ndi magawo angapo, ndipo yoyamba ija imasinthiratu. Koma zovuta ndizomwe zimapezeka panthawi yake, ndipo m'malo 99%, sizingatheke kupeza zotsatira zoyipa koyambirira.
Kachiwiri, zonse zimatengera magwiridwe anu a ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamene chiwalo chamkati chikagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ndi kuwirikiza kawiri, kapena ngakhale katatu, chimatha pakapita nthawi. Zotsatira zake, sizingatulutse mahomoni okwanira, osatchula kuchuluka kwake.
Kenako, minyewa yam'mimba imayamba kupezeka m'matumbo amkati, ndipo chida chake chimazirala. Izi zikuyembekeza kuti odwala onse omwe sanapeze chindapusa chabwino cha matendawa, samvera zomwe dokotala akuwonetsa.
Kodi mungachiritse bwanji matendawo? Magulu a odwala oterewa amatha kuthandiza awa:
- Pazaka zonse makonzedwe a insulin.
- Kwambiri mankhwala.
Gawo lachitatu lomwe lingathandize kuthana ndi matendawa ndi gawo lachitukuko cha zotsatira zoyipa, ndiye kuti, zovuta. Ngati matenda a shuga adapezeka koyambirira, sizitanthauza kuti palibe zovuta.
Monga lamulo, pamene gawo loyambirira la matenda lipezeka, pali zovuta, ndipo ngati wapezeka mochedwa, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zosasintha zimapezeka. Pokhudzana ndi chidziwitso chotere, mwayi wakuchiritsa matenda "okoma" uwonekere pokhapokha ngati mungathe kuthana ndi zovuta zosasinthika, ndiye kuti, zimapangitsa kuti zisinthe kudzera mu chithandizo choyenera.
Pamodzi ndi izi, titha kunena kuti kuchiritsa matenda a shuga 2 ndi njira yomwe "ili m'manja" wa wodwalayo.
Kubwezera matendawa ndikuwongolera shuga ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi moyo wonse.
Kodi pali mitundu ina ya matenda yomwe singathe?
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iwiri yaposachedwa ya shuga, palinso mitundu ina ya matenda. Ena amapezeka mwa odwala nthawi zambiri. Ndizotheka kuti amasokonezeka ndi mtundu wa 1 kapena 2 wamatenda, chifukwa chithunzi cha chipatala chimadziwika ndi zofanana.
Tsoka ilo, mitundu yonse yapadera imatha kutchedwa "majini" omwe munthu sangathe kuwalimbikitsa, ngakhale ndi kulimbika konse. Palibe njira zodzitetezera zomwe zingathandize kupewa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, matenda sangathe.
Ngati wodwala wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, omwe anali chifukwa cha vuto linanso la endocrine m'thupi, ndiye kuti zonse zimachitika. Ndizotheka kuti matendawa amathandizidwa ngati zingatheke kuti muchotse matenda oyambitsidwa.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati matenda a mahomoni ali ndi kapamba, matendawa amatha kudwala pakokha.
Ponena za matenda amiseche, pakhoza kukhala zingapo zomwe zingapangidwe pazinthu:
- Pathology imadzilimbitsa yokha mwana atabadwa, shuga amabwerera mwakale, palibe zowonjezera.
- Matendawa amatha kusintha kukhala matenda amtundu wachiwiri atabadwa mwana.
Gulu la oopsawo limaphatikizapo azimayi omwe ali ndi pakati amapeza ma kilogalamu oposa 17 ndikubereka mwana wolemera oposa kilogalamu 4.5.
Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti gulu lotere la odwala lizilamulira shuga wamagazi awo, lisinthe chakudya, lizichita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti liwone shuga.
Izi zitha kuchepetsa mwayi wopeza matenda.
"Wokondedwa wokondedwa" ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga umathandizidwa ndikubaya insulin kulowa mthupi la munthu. Jakisoni wa mahormone amalimbikitsidwa atangopezeka matenda, ndipo mankhwalawa adzakhala amoyo wonse.
Wodwala akatembenukira kwa dokotala kuti amuthandize, amapeza zovuta zambiri, kuyambira pakamwa pouma, akumatha ndi zowonongeka m'maso.
Pambuyo pakukhazikitsa kwa mahomoni, ndizotheka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi, motero, zizindikiro zoyipa zimazimitsidwa. Pamodzi ndi izi, mu zamankhwala mumakhala chinthu chotere "chisa cha uchi", chomwe odwala ambiri amasokoneza ndi kuchira kwathunthu. Ndiye ndi chiyani.
Ganizirani lingaliro la "tchuthi chaukwati":
- Pambuyo pozindikira kuti matendawa ndi otheka, wodwalayo amayamba kudziphatikiza ndi insulin, yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa shuga, kuchotsa zizindikiro zoipa.
- Masabata angapo pambuyo pokhazikika pothandizidwa ndi insulin, pazinthu zambiri za zithunzi zamankhwala, kufunikira kwa mahomoni kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, nthawi zina, mpaka pafupifupi zero.
- Zisonyezo za shuga m'thupi zimakhala zabwinobwino, ngakhale mahomoni atasiyidwa kwathunthu.
- Vutoli limatha kukhala milungu iwiri, miyezi ingapo, ndipo mwina chaka.
Popeza "adachiritsidwa" matenda ashuga, odwala akupitilizabe kukhala ndi moyo wakale, akudziwona ngati anthu ena apadera omwe adatha kuthana ndi matenda opatsirana. M'malo mwake, zosiyana ndizowona.
Zodabwitsa za "chikondwerero chaukwati" zaphunziridwa kwambiri, ndipo kutalika kwake sikupitilira chaka chimodzi. Ngati mukukana mankhwala a insulin, ndiye kuti m'kupita kwanthawi zinthu zidzaipa kwambiri, padzakhala madontho akuthwa m'magazi a shuga, zovuta zingapo zidzayamba kupezeka, kuphatikizapo zosasinthika.
Kutengera ndi chidziwitso, titha kunena kuti kuchotsa matenda ashuga kwamuyaya sikungatheke, ngakhale pang'ono. Komabe, kubwezera kwabwino, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga komanso shuga kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wonse popanda zotsatira.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupereka malingaliro ochepetsa shuga m'magazi.
