Mulingo wofanana ndi shuga mu achinyamata azaka 13 ndi 3,3-5,5 mmol / l, ndipo izi zikugwira ntchito mwazomwe zimagwira mkati mwa ziwalo, kukula, thupi ndi malingaliro.
Kukula kwachilendo kwa thupi mu unamwali ndiko kuchuluka kwakukwera kwa mahomoni amakula komanso kusinthasintha kwa mahomoni ogonana, nthawi ino kumawerengedwa ngati nthawi yosintha kuyambira paubwana kupita pauchikulire, chifukwa chake, mitengo ya metabolic ikusintha kwambiri.
Kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga, zaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 16 ndizoopsa kwambiri. Ngati matendawa sanazindikiridwe panthawi yake ndipo chithandizo sichinayambike, ndiye kuti matenda ashuga amatha kuyamba ndi ketoacidosis mpaka kukomoka.
Kodi thupi limasunga bwanji shuga wamagazi?
Thupi lathanzi limasinthasintha kusinthasintha kwa glucose pambuyo podya, ochulukirapo mu chakudya chosavuta - shuga, zipatso, timadziti, uchi, confectionery ndi mkate. Pankhaniyi, glycemia imakwera msanga, ngati zinthuzo zili ndi wowuma (monga chimanga, mbatata) kapena fiber fiber (masamba, chinangwa), ndiye kuti magazi a m'magazi amakula pang'onopang'ono.
Mulimonsemo, pambuyo poti ma enzyme ataya kugaya, michere yonse imasinthidwa kukhala glucose, imalowa m'magazi awo. Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi pancreatic hormone insulin, maselo amapanga glucose m'magazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kuchuluka komwe sikofunikira kuti pakhale zochitika panthawiyi kumasungidwa mu mawonekedwe a glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu ya minofu. Thupi limadya nkhokwe iyi pakati pa chakudya. Ndikusowa kwa magazi m'magazi, chiwindi chimatha kuchipanga kuchokera ku amino acid ndi mafuta.
Njira yonse ya metabolic imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya mahomoni. Zotsatira zazikulu za hypoglycemic ndi insulini, ndipo mahomoni ochokera ku gren ya adrenal, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, mahomoni a pituitary amawonjezera.
Amatchedwa contrainsular. Ma mahomoniwa amaphatikizapo:
- Kukula kwa mahomoni - kukula kwa mahomoni.
- Adrenaline, adrenal cortisol.
- Mahomoni a chithokomiro - thyroxine, triiodothyronine.
- Pancreatic Alpha Glucagon
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opsinjika ndi kukula kwa mahomoni, matenda a shuga a achinyamata ndi amodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri za matendawo kuchitira.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chopanga minofu insulin kukhudzidwa ndi endocrine gland hyperfunction ndi malingaliro a wodwala wazaka 13-16.
Ndani amafunika kuyesedwa kwa magazi?
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga (glucose) kumayikidwa ngati pali lingaliro la matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amaphatikizidwa mu zida za chromosome ndikuchokera kwa achibale apafupi omwe ali ndi matenda awa.
Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yaunyamata, kupezeka kwa mtundu woyamba wa shuga kumachitika. Kuvuta kwa matenda omwe apezeka munthawi yake matendawa kuli m'mbali yoti kukula kwake kumayambiriro kwake ndizovuta kudziwa mwa zizindikiro ndi kusanthula.
Mulingo wamafuta m'magazi mwa mwana amasungidwa malinga ngati pali ma cell a beta mu kapamba. Pambuyo poti 90-95% yaiwo awonongedwa ndi njira yotupa ya autoimmune, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zimawonekera. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Ludzu lalikulu ndi chilakolako chambiri.
- Kuchepetsa thupi osafotokoza.
- Mutu ndi chizungulire.
- Pikodzo lalikulu.
- Kuyenda khungu, kuphatikizapo perineum.
- Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi.
- Olimba furunculosis ndi pustular totupa pakhungu.
- Masomphenya otsika.
- Kutopa
Ngakhale patakhala chimodzi mwazizindikirozi, wachinyamata ayenera kukayezetsa matenda ashuga. Ngati zizindikirozi zikanyalanyazidwa, matendawa amakula msanga ndipo zochitika za ketoacidosis zimalumikizana: nseru, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kupuma pafupipafupi komanso kaphokoso, fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
Matupi a ketone omwe amakhala ndi poizoni kwambiri m'maselo a ubongo, motero, masana, khungu limatha kuzindikira.
Zotsatira zake, kukomoka kwa ketoacidotic kumakula, komwe kumafunikira kutembenukanso msanga.
Momwe mungaperekere kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga?
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, muyenera kukonzekera phunzirolo. Kuti muchite izi, m'masiku awiri a 2-3 muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zotsekemera ndi zamafuta, chotsani zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Patsiku la mayeso, simungathe kusuta, kumwa khofi kapena tiyi wamphamvu, kudya chakudya cham'mawa. Ndikwabwino kubwera ku labotale m'mawa, musanamwe madzi oyera.
Ngati mankhwala adalembedwa, makamaka mankhwala a mahomoni, ma pinkiller kapena okhudza masanjidwe amanjenje, ndiye musanaphunzire, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti mupeze malangizo owamwa, chifukwa pakhoza kukhala ndi zosokoneza zamawu. Kuzindikira kumatha kuchepetsedwa kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi, pambuyo povulala kapena kutentha.
Kuwunika kwa tsokalo kumachitika ndi katswiri. Muyezo wa shuga wamagazi mwa ana zimatengera zaka; kwa mwana wazaka chimodzi ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi wachinyamata. Kusintha kwachilengedwe kwa glycemia mu mmol / l mu ana kumafanana ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa: mpaka chaka cha 2.8-4.4; kuyambira chaka mpaka zaka 14 - 3.3-5.5. Kupatuka kuzinthu wamba kumatha kuonedwa ngati:
- Kufikira 3,3 - shuga wotsika wamagazi (hypoglycemia).
- Kuyambira pa 5.5 mpaka 6.1 - chidwi cha matenda ashuga, matenda ashuga am'mbuyomu.
- Kuyambira 6.1 - matenda ashuga.
Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za muyeso umodzi wa shuga sizipezeka, kuwunikiranso kumachitika mobwerezabwereza kamodzi. Ngati pali lingaliro la matenda am'mbuyomu a shuga - pali zizindikiro za matendawa, koma glycemia ndiyachilendo, hyperglycemia imapezeka pansi pa 6.1 mmol / l, ndiye kuti ana oterowo amayenera kuyesedwa ndi shuga.
Kuyesedwa kwa glucose sikutanthauza kukonzekera kwapadera, ndikulangizidwa kuti musasinthe zakudya ndi moyo musanachitike. Amadziperekanso pamimba yopanda kanthu. Glycemia imayeza kawiri - shuga woyamba pambuyo pakupuma kwa maola 10 pakudya, ndipo kachiwiri patatha maola 2 wodwalayo atamwa yankho ndi 75 g shuga.
Kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga kumatsimikiziridwa ngati, kuwonjezera pa kuthamanga kwa shuga (pamwamba pa 7 mmol / L), hyperglycemia pamtunda wa 11.1 mmol / L pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi atapezeka. Ngati ndi kotheka, wachinyamata amapatsidwa kafukufuku wowonjezera: kusanthula mkodzo wa shuga, kutsimikiza kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi ndi mkodzo, kuphunzira za momwe glycated hemoglobin, kusanthula kwa biochemical.
Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga m'magazi
Wachinyamata amatha kukhala ndi shuga wochepa kwambiri pamatenda am'mimba ndi matumbo, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kuperewera kwa matenda kwa nthawi yayitali, matenda amchiwindi kapena impso, poyizoni, kuvulala kwamiseche, komanso zotupa.
Zizindikiro zochepetsa shuga zitha kukhala: chizungulire, kuchuluka kwawamba, kusokonekera, misozi, kunjenjemera miyendo, kukomoka. Ndi zovuta kwambiri, kukomoka komanso kukhazikika mtima ndizotheka. Chochulukitsa chomwe chimapangitsa hypoglycemia ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a hypoglycemic.
Shuga wambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kapena adrenal gland, matenda am'kati, pancreatitis yovuta kwambiri komanso yovuta, kumwa mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni, mankhwala osapweteka a antiidal, okodzetsa komanso antihypertensives.
Hyperglycemia yomwe imakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali imabweretsa zovuta izi:
- Hyperosmolar chikomokere.
- Ketoacidosis mu shuga.
- Polyneuropathy.
- Kusokonezeka kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa khoma la mtima.
- Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya impso ndi kukula kwa aimpso kulephera.
- Mawonedwe akuchepa chifukwa cha matenda a retina.
Popeza thupi la wachinyamata limakonda kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi, popanda chithandizo chokwanira chifukwa chakusokonekera kwa shuga m'magazi, odwala omwe amatsalira pakukula kwa thupi ndi malingaliro, atsikana amatha kupatuka msambo. Ana nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo komanso fungal.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa chithandizo ndi insulin kapena mapiritsi munthawi yake kuti muchepetse shuga, kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyang'anira glycemia pafupipafupi ndi zizindikiro za metabolism ya carbohydrate.
Zomwe zimayimira shuga wa magazi ndizabwinobwino zikuwonetsa vidiyoyi munkhaniyi.
