Pakadali pano, "nthenda yokoma" ndiimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za anthu. Komanso, matenda a shuga a 2nd degree (osadalira insulini) amakula nthawi zambiri kuposa gawo loyamba la matenda (wodalira insulin).
Malinga ndi RDA, kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2016, anthu pafupifupi 415 miliyoni padziko lonse azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 79 adadwala matenda ashuga, pomwe 90% idali yachiwiri.
Kodi zimayambitsa matenda amenewa ndi chiyani? Momwe mungadzire nokha ndi okondedwa anu kuchokera ku mtundu 2 wa shuga? Tiyeni tiyese kuyankha mafunso awa.
Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga mellitus 2 degrees
Matenda a shuga ndi gulu la pathologies a endocrine ochokera komwe. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuperewera kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kwa kupangika kwa mahomoni omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - insulin.
Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa shuga amapezeka makamaka atakula, kuyambira pafupifupi 40 mpaka 40 zaka. Zikagwira ntchito molakwika m'thupi, thupi limayamba kuyankha mosiyanasiyana ku insulin yotulutsa. Njirayi imatchedwa insulin kukana. Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa glucose kumadziunjikira m'magazi, ndipo sikubwezerezedwanso. Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, omwe chithandizo cha insulin ndi chofunikira, ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo a 2 mu mawonekedwe ofatsa, mutha kuchita popanda mankhwala.
Ndiye, ndimayambitsa omwe amadwala matendawa? Mpaka pano, asayansi ndi madokotala sangapereke yankho lenileni la funso ili. Mu maphunziro ambiri, zinthu zingapo zokwanira zayikidwa patsogolo zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wa matenda ashuga a 2. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- Kudziletsa. Kukhalapo kwa abale omwe ali ndi matenda omwewo kumakulitsa kwambiri mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa.
- Mtundu. Kafukufuku wa asayansi amati mpikisano wothamanga wa Negroid ndi 30% yomwe ingakhale ndi matenda ashuga.
- Kunenepa kwambiri Kunenepa kwambiri komanso "matenda okoma" kupitiliranani. Ngati thupi labwinobwino limachulukirapo kangapo, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a endocrine chimakulanso.
- Jenda ya munthu. Zadziwika kuti mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus umapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi kuposa amuna.
- Kuperewera kwa mahomoni. Mankhwala osinthika mahomoni nthawi ya kutha msinkhu mu 30% yamilandu imatsogolera ku hyperglycemia. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezeka kwa glucose pakutha msinkhu kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kukula kwa mahomoni.
- Mimba Pakadali pano, zosintha zikuchitika m'thupi la mayi woyembekezera. Kuphatikiza apo, chitukuko cha matenda osokoneza bongo ndizotheka, chomwe, monga lamulo, chimadutsa mwana akangobadwa. Komabe, ndi chithandizo chosayenera, shuga ya gestational imadutsa mu shuga mellitus wa digiri yachiwiri.
Palinso zinthu zina, zomwe pakati pawo pamakhala moyo wopanda ntchito, vuto la chiwindi.
Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga?
Gawo lachiwiri la matenda ashuga ndilochenjera kwambiri. Matendawa kwa zaka zingapo amatha kuoneka ngati amisala komanso osasokoneza munthu, koma pakapita nthawi amadzimva.
Kuzindikira kwakanthawi mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 kumatha kupulumutsa wodwalayo kuchipatala komanso zovuta zina za matendawa - retinopathy, matenda ashuga, nephropathy ndi ena.
Kodi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi ati? Zizindikiro zazikulu ziwiri ndi polyuria (kukodza mwachangu) ndi ludzu losatha. Munthu amafuna kumamwa pafupipafupi ndikupita kuchimbudzi kuti akachepetse chosowa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa impso. Monga mukudziwa, chiwalochi chimasefa magazi ndikuchotsa poizoni m'thupi, makamaka shuga. Pachifukwa ichi, impso zimafunikira madzimadzi omwe alibe, ndiye kuti amayamba kukoka kuchokera ku zimakhala. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amadandaula chifukwa cha ludzu komanso kuyamwa pafupipafupi.
Mutu ndi chizungulire ndizizindikiro zofala za matenda a shuga. Amachitika chifukwa cha "njala" yama cell mu ubongo. Glucose imapereka mphamvu kwa maselo ndi minyewa yonse yathupi, koma popeza imunjikana m'magazi, maselo sawalandira. Thupi limayamba kuyang'ana magwero ena amphamvu, mwachitsanzo, maselo amafuta. Akawola, poizoni wotchedwa "matupi a ketone" amasulidwa. Amayamwa thupi lonse, makamaka ubongo. Chifukwa cha zochita zawo zamatenda, odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala chizungulire kapena mutu.
Matenda a shuga amayambitsa pafupifupi machitidwe onse a ziwalo zamkati, chifukwa chake ali ndi chithunzi chachikulu chachipatala. Zizindikiro zochepa za matendawa ndi izi:
- kuwonda msanga;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi
- dzanzi lam'munsi ndi kumtunda kwamiyendo;
- kuwonongeka mu mawonekedwe acuity;
- mawonekedwe a zilonda pamiyendo;
- kuchiritsa kwa bala
- kulakalaka;
- kusamba kwa msambo;
- kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira, kuwonetsedwa ndi chimfine pafupipafupi;
- mavuto azakugonana (mwa amuna ndi akazi);
- kufooka kosalekeza, ulesi, kugona tulo.
Ngakhale musazindikire zizindikiro zonse za matenda ashuga, koma ochepa okha mwaiwo, muyenera kufunsa thandizo la endocrinologist. Dotolo, atamuyesa wodwalayo, adzatha kumuwongolera kuti akayeze shuga.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, katswiriyo amadziwikitsa moyenera.
Kuzindikira matenda ashuga 2 digiri
Pali njira zambiri zodziwira matendawa. Iliyonse mwazomwe zili ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake, koma posankha njira, zinthu ziwiri ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, monga liwiro la kafukufuku komanso kulondola kwa zotsatira.
Chodziwika kwambiri ndi kuyesa kwa magazi kwa capillary. Magazi am'mawa amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Pali malamulo ena pokonzekera kusanthula koteroko. Tsiku latha, simungathe kudzipanikiza ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikudya maswiti ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati wodwala akudwala kapena chimfine, watopa pambuyo poti wasintha usiku, adzayeneranso kuyeserera tsiku lina kuyesa tsiku lina kuti apewe zotsatira zolakwika za phunzirolo. Mulingo wabwinobwino wa shuga ndi pakati pa 3.3 ndi 5.5 mmol / L. Kuchulukitsitsa kwa glucose pamtunda wa 6.1 mmol / L kumawonetsa momveka bwino hyperglycemia, pomwe adotolo amafotokozera kuyesedwa kwa shuga.
Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kuloleza, wodwalayo amakhetsedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako amapatsidwa chakumwa cha madzi otsekemera (madzi - 300 ml, shuga - 100 mg). Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika mphindi 30 zilizonse kwa maola awiri. Chizindikiro chabwinobwino ndi kuphatikizira kwa glucose mpaka 7.8 mmol / L. Ngati zotsatira zoyesedwa zikuwonetsa phindu loposa 11 mmol / l, izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi a glycogemoglobin kumapereka mwayi wodziwa kukula kwa matendawa. Imachitika kwa nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi miyezi 2-3).
Nthawi zina mkodzo umasinthidwa wa acetone ndi shuga mkati mwake. Munthu wathanzi sayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zotere mu mkodzo. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwawo mkodzo kungasonyeze matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga.
Pankhani yakuya, magawo atatu a shuga 2 amadziwika:
- Gawo lofooka limachoka popanda chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda ashuga. Ndende ya shuga - osaposa 10 mmol / l.
- Gawo lapakati limadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, shuga ochulukirapo 10 mmol / L, ndi kupezeka kwa shuga mkodzo.
- Gawo lolimba - mkhalidwe womwe zizindikiro zimayonekera, zovuta za matenda ashuga, wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo chambiri chodwala. Pankhaniyi, insulin chithandizo ndiyofunikira.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali madigiri atatu a kupita patsogolo kwa matenda - prediabetes, latent ndi shuga.
Chithandizo cha magawo onse chimachitika aliyense payekhapayekha.
Type 2 shuga
Mpaka pano, palibe "mapiritsi amatsenga" omwe angachiritse matendawo. Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ndi njira yayitali kwambiri yomwe imafuna chisamaliro ndi chipiriro. Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa, koma ndizotheka kukhazikika pamlingo wa shuga ndikuchotsa chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga.
Chithandizo cha "matenda okoma" chimaphatikizapo zakudya zoyenera, masewera olimbitsa thupi, mankhwala komanso kuwunika pafupipafupi glycemia. Tikufotokozerani mwatsatanetsatane chilichonse chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa.
Chithandizo cha zakudya. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupatula zakudya zomanga zomwe zimapezeka m'thupi komanso zakudya zamafuta m'zakudya. Wodwala ayenera kuyiwala za izi:
- zipatso zokoma - mphesa, nkhuyu, mango, yamatcheri ndi ena;
- nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba - nkhumba, nyama ya nkhuku, hering'i, nsomba, trout ndi zina zambiri;
- maswiti - chokoleti, maswiti, makeke, madzi okoma, makeke;
- zopangidwa mkaka ndi mafuta ambiri;
- zakudya zokazinga.
M'malo mwake, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudya zipatso zambiri zosapsa ndi zipatso (raspberries, mabulosi akuda, mavwende), masamba (nkhaka, tomato) ndi zitsamba. Chakudya chimayenera kugawidwa m'magawo a 4-6, wodwala ndi bwino kudya zakudya zazing'ono, koma pafupipafupi.
Kuti musunge shuga wabwinobwino, muyenera kuwongolera kunenepa kwanu. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi zitha kukhala kusambira, kuthamanga, masewera, yoga, Pilates, ndi zina zambiri. Ngati simungathe kuchita masewera nthawi zonse, muyenera kuyenda osachepera mphindi 30 patsiku.
Dziwani kuti panthawi yosavuta yamatendawa, kusewera masewera ndikukhalanso ndi chakudya chamagulu, mutha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose popanda mankhwala.
Komabe, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga, pamene zizindikiro zambiri zimawonekera, ndipo kapamba amatayika, palibe njira yopita popanda mankhwala. Ndikosatheka kuchita nawo mankhwala omwe mumapanga nokha ngati muli ndi matenda otere, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala.
Maziko othandizira ndi mankhwala a hypoglycemic a matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano pali mankhwala ambiri omwe amachepetsa shuga, otchuka kwambiri ndi Metformin, Glucobai, Januvia, Siofor, Diabeteson ndi ena.
Zachidziwikire, sitiyenera kuyiwala za kupenda kwamiseche wamagazi pafupipafupi.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, odwala amalangizidwa kuti azitsatira glycemia ndi glucometer katatu patsiku.
Njira zochizira odwala matenda ashuga
Mankhwala ena sangathe kuchiritsa kwathunthu, koma kuphatikiza mankhwala othandizira kumapangitsa thanzi la wodwalayo kukhala labwino. Pali mankhwala azikhalidwe omwe amatha kutsitsa shuga wamagazi, komanso omwe amawonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi.
Chifukwa chake, ndimomwe mungachiritsire matenda ashuga ndi maphikidwe a mankhwala achikhalidwe? Makolo athu anapatsirana njira zapadera zomwe zimathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda. Nawa ochepa a iwo:
- Malingaliro a masamba a mabulosi abulu, maukonde ndi lingonberry zimathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba, womwe umatha chifukwa chodwala.
- Zodzikongoletsera za juniper, masamba a nyemba, zachifundo zamankhwala, masamba ndi dandelion yoyera, mabulosi oyera, komanso msuzi wa sauerkraut zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuzunzidwa kwa shuga komanso kuthetsa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.
- Tincture wa walnuts, anyezi ndi masamba a cuff bwino amachepetsa mulingo wa glycemia ndikuwonjezera chitetezo cha munthu.
- Kupititsa patsogolo kwa thanzi la azimayi ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kumathandizira kuzindikira kwa masamba a lilac.
Tiyenera kukumbukira za njira zopewera matendawa, monga: kukana mowa ndi kusuta, nkhondo yolimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kupewa nkhawa zambiri. Chifukwa chake, munthu amatha kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa.
Taphunzira kuti shuga ndi chiyani, zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake mankhwala alibe mphamvu polimbana ndi matendawa. Tsoka ilo, palibe mankhwala omwe angachotsere matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Komabe, kukula kwa matendawa kutha kuyimitsidwa pakutsatira njira yogwira ntchito, njira yothandizira pakudya kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kutsatira malingaliro onse a dokotala pazachipatala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe a mankhwala achikhalidwe molondola.
Pazokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga komanso mawonekedwe a matendawa afotokozereni kanemayo munkhaniyi.
