Matenda a shuga ndi njira yodziwika bwino; amakhudza pafupifupi 5% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi matenda m'magazi a munthu, magazi a glucose amadzuka, omwe amawonongera molakwika mkhalidwe wamagazi, kuphatikizapo ziwiya zamaso.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa retina mu hyperglycemia kumatchedwa ndi madokotala ngati matenda a shuga, chifuwa chachikulu ndicho chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu asamaone, azigwira ntchito komanso kuti azichita khungu. Mukukula kwa matendawa, zaka zomwe wodwalayo amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu, pomwe matenda a shuga amapezeka asanakwanitse zaka 30, mwayi wokhala ndi retinopathy ukuwonjezeka pazaka. Pakatha zaka 10, wodwala matenda ashuga azikhala ndi vuto la masomphenya 50%, patatha zaka 20, chiopsezo cha retinopathy chikufika pa 75%.
Ngati matenda a shuga apezeka mwa munthu wamkulu kuposa zaka 30, matenda ake ammaso amakula mwachangu, pafupifupi 80% ya odwala khungu limachitika patatha zaka 5-7 pambuyo poti matenda a shuga atsimikizika. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe kusiyana komwe mtundu wamatenda a metabolic omwe munthu akudwala nawo, retinopathy nawonso umakhudzanso odwala matenda ashuga mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa matenda.
Magawo a shuga a retinopathy:
- woyamba (mapangidwe ochepa otaya magazi, edema edema, micaneurysms amawonedwa);
- chachiwiri (zamkati zovutitsa, zotupa zazikulu zimatuluka);
- chachitatu (chofotokozedwa ndi kutaya kwakukulu mu thupi la vitreous, kupezeka kwa minofu ya fibrous, neoplasms m'matumbo a optic disc).
Ngati simuletsa matenda oyamba, matenda ashuga retinopathy amapereka zovuta.
Gulu la odwala matenda a shuga a retinopathy
Retinopathy mu shuga imachitika m'magawo angapo, gawo loyambirira limatchedwa non-proliferative diabetesic retinopathy. Vutoli limadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa ma micaneurysms, amachititsa kuti mitsempha ipite patsogolo, ndipo kutulutsa kwamitsempha m'maso.
Mitsempha yam'mimba imawonetsedwa ndi mawanga akuda a mawonekedwe ozungulira, mikwingwirima yopindika. Kuphatikiza apo, zigawo za ischemic, kutupa kwa mucous nembanemba, kutukuka kwa retina, kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa mtima komanso kuwonjezereka kwa fragility.
Madzi a m'magazi amalowa mu retina kudzera m'mitseko yotsekedwa ya mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imayambitsa edema. Gawo lamkati mwa retina likamakhudzidwa ndi matenda a pathological, wodwalayo amawona kuchepa msanga kwa mawonekedwe.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe awa:
- zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse yamatenda a shuga;
- imayimira gawo loyambirira la retinopathy.
Popanda chithandizo chokwanira, matendawa amakula mpaka gawo lachiwiri pakapita nthawi.
Preproliferative diabetesic retinopathy ndiye gawo lotsatira la matendawa, limayendera limodzi ndi zovuta zoyendera magazi mu retina. Zotsatira zake, pali kuchepa kwa mpweya, ndiwo ischemia ndi njala ya oxygen.
Ndikothekanso kubwezeretsanso mpweya wabwino chifukwa cha kupanga zotengera zatsopano; njirayi imadziwika kuti neovascularization. Ma neoplasms awonongeka, magazi amatuluka, magazi amalowa m'magawo a retina, thupi lamphamvu.
Vutoli likamakulirakulira, wodwala matenda ashuga amawona kusinthika kwakanthawi kocheperako pang'onopang'ono pakuwoneka bwino. Magawo omalizira a matendawa ndi kukula kwa nthawi yayitali m'mitsempha yatsopano, minyewa yocheperako imakhala chinthu choyambirira:
- kuzungulira kwa retinal;
- kumayambiriro kwa matenda a glaucoma.
Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga retinopathy ndi kuchepa kwa insulin ya mahomoni, yomwe imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa sorbitol, fructose.
Ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu izi, kuchuluka kwa magazi, kuthinikizika kwa makoma a capillary, ndi kuchepera kwa lumen mwa iwo kumadziwika.
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga retinopathy, matenda
The pathogenesis of diabetesic retinopathy ndi zizindikiro zake zimatengera kuuma kwa matendawa, nthawi zambiri odwala matenda ashuga amadandaula za kuyenderera ozungulira kapena midges m'maso, kusawona bwino, khungu nthawi ndi nthawi. Chofunikira ndikutsimikiza kuti mtundu wa masomphenya umadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kusokonezeka kowonekera sikudziwika kwa wodwala; vutoli limatha kupezeka pokhapokha ngati mwazindikira. Wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi adotolo, makamaka uyu ndi endocrinologist, ophthalmologist ndi psychapist.
Kuzindikira kwa retinopathy mwa odwala matenda a shuga kumapangidwa motengera:
- kudandaula madandaulo a kuchepa kwa masomphenya;
- kuyang'ana kwa fundus ndi ophthalmoscope.
Njira ya ophthalmoscopy imapangitsa kuti zidziwike kukhalapo kwa kusintha kwa ma pathological mu fundus. Kusiyanitsa mosiyanasiyana kumathandizira kusiyanitsa matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi mavuto ena amaso.
Maphunziro ena a ophthalmological ndi kutsimikiza kwa mapangidwe a intraocular, biomicroscopy ya ziwalo zakunja zamawonedwe. Kujambula zithunzi za fundus ndikuwonetsedwanso, izi ndizofunikira kulemba zosintha m'maso. Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo amakupatsani mtundu wa angiography kuti mupeze malo atsopano omwe amatulutsa timadzi timene timayambitsa timadzi tambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nyali yoyenda, kafukufuku akuchitika - lens biomicroscopy, zomwe ndi, zitha kuwerengeka pa intaneti.
Chithandizo cha wowerengeka azitsamba, zakudya zowonjezera zakudya
Matenda a shuga ndi retinopathy amawathandizanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina, odwala ena amapatsidwa maphunziro othandizira pakudya. Tsopano pamashelefu ammalo ogulitsa zamankhwala muli zakudya zambiri zowonjezera zopangira zoweta. Glucosil akhoza kukhala mankhwala otere, ayenera kuledzera katatu patsiku pakudya, nthawi yayitali ya chithandizo kuchokera miyezi itatu. Monga gawo la mankhwala, akupanga azomera zamankhwala, kufufuza zinthu, bioadditive kumapangitsa kuyamwa kwa shuga.
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga retinopathy amathandizidwa ndi phytosarves Arfazetin, Sadifit. Gramu imodzi ya mankhwala ili ndi 0,2 ga masamba a stevia, masamba a nyemba, mphukira za mabulosi, Mzere wa artichoke, komanso 0,15 g wa tiyi wobiriwira, 0,05 g wa peppermint. Fitosbor kutsanulira 300 ml ya madzi otentha, kukulani ndi thaulo ndikukakamira kwa mphindi 60. Tengani kulowetsedwa katatu patsiku mu theka lagalasi, tikulimbikitsidwa kutenga maphunziro athunthu - masiku 20-30.
Ngati wodwala ali ndi prinifositi yosapitirira, amamuika Arfazetin, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi mankhwala a chamomile, udzu wa St. M`pofunika kutsanulira 2 magawo a mankhwala ndi madzi otentha, muzimva kutentha 2 pa tsiku musanadye. Kutalika kwa chithandizo ndi mwezi umodzi.
Mukachulukana ndi kutuluka kwamadzi, kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana kudzakhala kothandiza, tifunika kuchita motere:
- makungwa ndi msondodzi;
- mizu ya burdock;
- masamba a peppermint;
- masamba aononberry;
- Birch
- mabulosi.
Kuphatikizikako kumaphatikizaponso nettle, knotweed, masamba a nyemba, amaranth, Yerusalemu artichoke, udzu wa mbuzi .. supuni ya chopereka imathiridwa ndi 500 ml ya madzi otentha, akutsanulidwa kwa ola limodzi, osasankhidwa, otengedwa mu kapu itatu katatu patsiku.
Njira ya mankhwala ndi miyezi itatu.
Matenda a shuga a retinopathy
Mankhwalawa retinopathy mu mtundu 2 shuga zimatengera kuopsa kwa matendawa, ndipo akuphatikiza njira zingapo zochizira. Kumayambiriro kwa njira ya pathological, ndizoyenera kuchita njira yochizira, mankhwala omwe atchulidwa nthawi yayitali amasonyezedwa kuti achepetse kufooka kwa capillaries. Angioprotectors Analimbikitsa: Predian, Ditsinon, Doksium, Parmidin. Ndikofunikira kuti shuga ikhale bwino m'magazi.
Pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda amisempha 2 a shuga m'mitsempha, ndi matenda a shuga a retinopathy, mankhwala a Sulodexide ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ascorbic acid, vitamini E, P, ma antioxidants omwe amapangidwa pamaziko a mabulosi achibadwa achilengedwe, beta-carotene amatengedwa. Mankhwala a Styx adadzitsimikizira okha, amagwirizana ndi kulimbikitsidwa kwa makoma amitsempha, kutetezedwa ku zotsatira zoyipa za ma radicals aulere, komanso kusintha mawonekedwe. Nthawi zina ndikofunikira kupereka jakisoni m'diso.
Pozindikira kuti matenda ashuga a retinopathy awonetsa kusintha koopsa komanso koopsa, mapangidwe amitsempha yatsopano yamagazi, kutupa kwa gawo lapakati la retina, komanso kukha m'mimba mkati mwake, amafunika kuyambitsa mankhwala a laser mwachangu momwe angathere. Ngati odwala matenda ashuga retinopathy amadziwika ndi njira yoopsa, opaleshoni yam'mimba imasonyezedwa.
Matenda a shuga a shuga, pamene gawo lalikulu la patimayo limatupa, mawonekedwe amitsempha yatsopano, amakhudzana ndi laser retinal coagulation. Panthawi ya ndalamayi, mtanda wa laser umalowa m'malo omwe akhudzidwa popanda zosatheka kudzera:
- mandala;
- thupi lamphamvu;
- ziphuphu;
- kamera yakutsogolo.
Chifukwa cha laser, ndizotheka kulimbikitsa malo omwe ali kunja kwa gawo la masomphenya apakati, omwe amachotsa kuthekera kwa kufa ndi mpweya. Pankhaniyi, njirayi imathandizira kuwononga njira ya ischemic mu retina, mitsempha yatsopano ya magazi imasiya kuwonekera mwa wodwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulowu kumachotsa ziwiya zakale zomwe zidalipo kale, potero kuchepetsa kutupa, diso silikuwoneka lofiira kwambiri.
Titha kunena kuti cholinga choyambirira cha kugonjetsanso kwa retic ndikuletsa kupitilira kwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga retinopathy. Ndikotheka kukwaniritsa cholingacho m'magawo angapo, zimachitika pakadutsa masiku angapo, kutalika kwa njirayi ndi pafupifupi mphindi 30 mpaka 40. Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuchita izi pasanathe miyezi iwiri isanachitike DA.
Pagulu lodzikongoletsa laser, odwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta, zomwe zimayambitsidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ammadzi am'deralo. Miyezi ingapo atamaliza kulandira chithandizo, fluorescence angiography imayenera kuzindikira mkhalidwe wa retina. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ayenera kuyikidwa, madontho adzagwa.
Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga retinopathy ndi cryocoagulation nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamene wodwala:
- pali kusintha kwakukuru mu fundus;
- adawulula zotupa zingapo zatsopano;
- kukhalapo kwa zombo zatsopano.
Komanso, njirayi ndiyofunikira ngati ndizosatheka kuchita laser coagulation ndi vitrectomy (monga chithunzi).
Matenda a shuga a retinopathy a shuga amawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, ngati sichingathetse, dokotala wa zam'mimba adzafotokozera. Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi kumayambiriro kwa matendawo, pomwe olimbitsa mtima sanakhazikike. Tsopano chiopsezo cha zovuta za retinopathy mu mtundu 2 wa shuga ndizochepa. Ndondomeko ikhoza kuchitidwa mwa ana, mwana amakonzekera njirayi pasadakhale.
Mankhwalawa, wochita opaleshoniyo amachotsa mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa magazi, ndikusintha ndi mafuta a silicone kapena saline. Zipsera zomwe zimayambitsa kuthana ndi kupindika:
- dissect;
- khalani ndi laser.
Mankhwalawa matenda a shuga a retinopathy, matenda a metabolism a carrate sakhala malo omaliza, chifukwa hyperglycemia yopanda phindu imapangitsa kukulitsa komanso kupitiriza kwa retinopathy. Zizindikiro za shuga yayikulu magazi ziyenera kuthetsedwa ndi mankhwala apadera olimbana ndi matenda a shuga. Muyeneranso kuyang'anira kudya kwanu, kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, komanso kuyika m'manda mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Matenda a shuga a retinopathy amathandizidwa ndi ophthalmologist ndi endocrinologist. Pokhapokha ngati ndikotheka kusiyanitsa matendawa munthawi yake, kuyandikira kwambiri chithandizo chake, pali mwayi weniweni wowachiritsa matendawa, kusamalira bwino masomphenya, kubwezeretsa moyo wathunthu ndikuchita.
Njira zopewera, zovuta zomwe zingachitike
Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga retinopathy kumaphatikizapo kukhala ndi glycemia wabwinobwino, kulipira koyenera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kukhalabe ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kusintha mafuta kagayidwe. Njira izi zitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chamavuto amisempha.
Zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira mu shuga kumakhudzanso wodwala. Prophylaxis yapanthawi yomweyo ya matenda obiriwira a retinopathy kumapeto kwa shuga siyothandiza. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti kusokonezeka kowoneka sikupereka zizindikiro kumayambiriro kwa matenda amaso, odwala amapita kuchipatala pokhapokha ngati ali ndi:
- hemorrhage yayikulu;
- kusintha kwamatenda amchigawo chapakati cha diso.
Mavuto akulu omwe ali ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy ndi kuperewera kwa kupindika, yachiwiri yamitsempha yamagazi, ndi hemophthalmus. Zinthu ngati izi zimafunikira opaleshoni yokakamiza.
Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera pa chisamaliro chamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga retinopathy, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite ku mankhwala azitsamba. Kukonzekera kochokera ku Ginkgo biloba kukuwonetsedwa, imodzi mwazamankhwala oterewa ndi Tanakan. Mankhwalawa amayenera kumwa piritsi limodzi katatu patsiku, nthawi yayitali ya mankhwala osachepera miyezi itatu.
Matenda a shuga a retinopathy amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ena - Neurostrong, amapangidwa ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu:
- mabulosi abulu;
- lecithin;
- Mavitamini a B;
- ginkgo biloba.
Mankhwalawa amathandizira kukonza kukhathamiritsa kwa okosijeni, kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi thrombosis, ndi retorr hemge. M`pofunika kumwa mankhwala 3-4 pa tsiku.
Matenda a shuga a retinopathy oyambira amathandizidwa ndi Dibicor, muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa 0,5 ga 2 pa tsiku, ndiye kuti muyenera kulandira mankhwalawa kwa mphindi 20 musanadye. Njira ya mankhwala kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mankhwalawa amakongoletsa njira za metabolic, zimathandizira kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi a maso onse awiri.
Pali mankhwala ena omwe amapangidwa pamaziko a colostrum mkaka wa ng'ombe, mankhwalawa amawonjezera chitetezo chokwanira. Imwani mankhwalawa 2 makapisozi 3-4 pa tsiku kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mutha kupezanso mankhwala ofanana ndi amisala m'diso.
Mwa kufunsira, muyenera kulumikizana ndi ofesi ya matenda ashuga retinopathy, dokotala adzakuuzani za retinopathy ndi momwe kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga retinopathy kungakhudzire thanzi lanu, zomwe mungachite kuti musakhale wakhungu.
Zambiri za matenda ashuga retinopathy zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
