Insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga: chiyani?

Insellusus yodalira matenda a shuga imangokhala 10% yokha yazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kukuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse, ndipo ku Russia ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu otsogola pa chiwerengero cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda.

Ndiwo mtundu wankhanza kwambiri wa matenda ashuga ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali aang'ono.

Kodi munthu aliyense ayenera kudziwa chiyani za mtundu wodwala matenda a shuga kuti athe kupewa, kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matendawa munthawi yake? Nkhaniyi iyankha funso ili.

Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga mellitus (DM) ndi matenda ochokera ku autoimmune, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono papangidwe kamapangidwe ochepetsa shuga omwe amatchedwa "insulin". Mchitidwe wama pathogenic wotere umabweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "mphamvu pazinthu" zama cellular ndi minofu. Kenako, minofu ndi maselo zimasowa mphamvu yofunikira ndikuyamba kuwononga mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Insulin ndiye mahomoni okhawo m'thupi lathu omwe amatha kuyendetsa shuga m'magazi. Amapangidwa ndi maselo a beta, omwe amapezeka pazilumba za Langerhans za kapamba. Komabe, mthupi la munthu mumakhala kuchuluka kwama mahomoni ena omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Mwachitsanzo, adrenaline ndi norepinephrine, "kulamula" mahomoni, glucocorticoids ndi ena.

Kukula kwa matenda a shuga kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, zomwe tidzakambirana pansipa. Amakhulupilira kuti moyo wapano uli ndi mphamvu pa zamatsenga izi, chifukwa anthu amakono amakhala onenepa kwambiri ndipo samachita masewera.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamatenda ndi iyi:

• mtundu 1 wa shuga wodwala matenda a shuga a mellitus (IDDM);
• lembani matenda a shuga a 2 mellitus (NIDDM);
• matenda ashuga.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga omwe amadalira matenda a shuga a mellitus (IDDM) ndi njira yomwe kupanga insulin kumatha. Asayansi ndi madotolo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chachikulu chokonzera mtundu wa 1 IDDM ndi chibadwa. Matendawa amafunika kuwunika nthawi zonse komanso kudekha, chifukwa masiku ano palibe mankhwala omwe angachiritse wodwalayo kwathunthu. Jakisoni wa insulin ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwalawa a matenda a shuga a insulin.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga wosadalira insulini (NIDDM) umadziwika ndi kusokonekera kwa maselo omwe ukulembamo ndi timadzi timene timachepetsa shuga. Mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba, kapamba amapitiliza kupanga insulini, koma maselo amayamba kuyankha molakwika. Matenda amtunduwu, monga lamulo, amakhudza anthu azaka zopitilira 40-45. Kuzindikira koyambirira, mankhwala othandizira kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kupewa mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a insulin.

Matenda a gestational amakula nthawi yapakati. Mthupi la mayi woyembekezera, kusintha kwa mahomoni kumachitika, chifukwa chomwe ma glucose angakule.

Ndi njira yoyenera yothandizira mankhwalawa, matendawa amazimiririka pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga

Ngakhale atafufuza zochuluka motani, madokotala ndi asayansi sangathe kupereka yankho lenileni la funso lazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimavumbula chitetezo cha mthupi kugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi thupi lenilenibe chinsinsi.

Komabe, maphunziro ndi zoyesera sizinali pachabe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kufufuza ndi kuyesera, zinali zotheka kudziwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga komanso odwala osagwirizana ndi insulin chidziwike. Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Hormonal kusalinganika muubwana wogwirizana ndi zochita za kukula kwa mahomoni.
2. Jenda ya munthu. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti theka labwino laumunthu limakhala ndi matenda a shuga kawiri.
3. Kunenepa kwambiri. Mapaundi owonjezera amatsogolera ku mawonekedwe a mtima makoma a cholesterol ndikuwonjezereka kwa ndende yamagazi.
4. Mitundu Ngati mellitus wodwala kapena wodwala yemwe amadalira insulin amadwala mayi ndi bambo, ndiye kuti mwa ana awonekeranso 60-70% milandu. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti mapasa nthawi imodzi akuvutika ndi matenda amtunduwu ndi 58-65%, ndi mapasa - 16-30%.
5. Khungu la khungu la anthu limakhudzanso kukula kwa matendawa, chifukwa matenda ashuga ndi 30% ochulukirapo mu liwiro la Negroid.
6. Kuphwanya kapamba ndi chiwindi (matenda enaake, hemochromatosis, ndi zina).
7. Moyo wopanda ntchito, zizolowezi zoyipa komanso kudya zakudya zopanda pake.
8. Mimba, pomwe vuto la mahomoni limachitika.
9. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi glucocorticoids, antipsychotic atypical, beta-blockers, thiazides ndi mankhwala ena.

Pambuyo pofufuza zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, ndizotheka kudziwa chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti gulu lina la anthu litengeke kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Mulinso:

• anthu onenepa kwambiri;
• anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa;
• odwala omwe ali ndi acromegaly ndi matenda ake a Itsenko-Cushing;
• odwala atherosulinosis, matenda oopsa kapena angina pectoris;
• anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amkati;
• anthu amakonda ziwengo (eczema, neurodermatitis);
• odwala omwe amatenga glucocorticoids;
• anthu omwe adakumana ndi vuto la mtima, matenda opatsirana komanso matenda opha ziwalo;
• azimayi omwe ali ndi pakati osadziwika;

Gululi limaphatikizanso azimayi omwe amabereka mwana wolemera oposa 4 kg.

Momwe mungadziwire hyperglycemia?

Kukula msanga kwa glucose m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha "matenda okoma". Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin sangamveke kwa nthawi yayitali, akumawononga pang'onopang'ono makoma amitsempha komanso mathero amitsempha pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamunthu.

Komabe, ndimelitus yodalira matenda a shuga mumakhala zizindikiro zambiri. Munthu yemwe amakhala ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lake amatha kuzindikira momwe thupi limasonyezera hyperglycemia.

Ndiye, kodi ndimatenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin? Zina mwa ziwiri zazikulu zotchedwa polyuria (kukodza mwachangu), komanso ludzu losatha. Amaphatikizidwa ndi ntchito ya impso, yomwe imasefa magazi athu, ndikuchotsa thupi la zinthu zovulaza. Mowa wambiri umaphatikizanso poizoni, motero umathiridwa mkodzo. Kuchulukitsa kwa impso kumapangitsa kuti chiwalo chophatikizika kutulutsa madzimadzi osowa kuchokera ku minofu ya m'misempha, zimayambitsa zizindikiro zotere za matenda a shuga a insulin.

Chizungulire pafupipafupi, migraine, kutopa komanso kugona pang'ono ndi zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zimadziwika ndi matendawa. Monga tanena kale, ndikusowa kwa glucose, maselo amayamba kuphwanya mafuta ndi mapuloteni kuti apeze madzi osungira. Zikuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuwola, zinthu zakupha zomwe zimatchedwa matupi a ketone zimatuluka. Njala yam'manja, kuwonjezera pamavuto a ma ketones, imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo. Chifukwa chake, wodwala matenda ashuga sagona bwino usiku, sagona mokwanira, samatha kuchita chidwi, chifukwa amadandaula chizungulire komanso kupweteka.

Amadziwika kuti matenda a shuga (mawonekedwe 1 ndi 2) amakhudza molakwika mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya mtima. Zotsatira zake, maselo amitsempha amawonongeka ndipo makoma am'mbali amayamba kuwonda. Izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zambiri. Wodwalayo angadandaule chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maonedwe, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutupa kwa diso la diso, lomwe limakutidwa ndi ma network. Kuphatikiza apo, dzanzi kapena kumva m'miyendo ndi manja ndizizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Mwa zina mwazidziwitso za "matenda okoma", chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pazovuta za njira yakulera, amuna ndi akazi. Mu theka lolimba, mavuto okhala ndi erectile ntchito amayamba, ndipo ofooka, kusamba kwa msambo kumasokonezeka.

Zocheperako ndizizindikiro monga kuchiritsa kwa bala, kupsinjika pakhungu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, njala yopanda tanthauzo, komanso kuchepa thupi.

Zotsatira zakukula kwa shuga

Mosakayikira, matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin komanso osadalira insulin, omwe akupita patsogolo, amawononga pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamkati mwa thupi la munthu. Izi zitha kupewedwa mukamazindikiridwa ndi chithandizo choyenera.

Chovuta chowopsa cha matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu wa insulin-yodziyimira payokha komanso yodalira insulin ndi kuperewera kwa matenda ashuga. Vutoli limadziwika ndi zizindikiro monga chizungulire, kusanza ndi mseru, chikumbumtima chosavomerezeka, kukomoka. Pankhaniyi, kuchipatala mwachangu ndikofunikira kuti tithandizenso.

Matenda a shuga a insulin kapena osadalira insulin omwe amakhala ndi zovuta zingapo ndizotsatira za malingaliro osasamala pa thanzi lanu. Kuwonetsedwa kwa ma concomitant pathologies kumalumikizidwa ndi kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa, kumangokhala phee, kudya mokwanira, kupeza matenda osazindikirika komanso chithandizo chokwanira. Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha kudwala kwamatenda?

Mavuto akuluakulu a shuga ndi monga:

1. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi mkhalidwe womwe kuwonongeka kwa retinal kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, maonekedwe acuity amachepa, munthu sangathe kuwona chithunzi chathunthu pamaso pake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amdima komanso zolakwika zina.
2. Matenda a Periodontal ndi matenda ogwirizana ndi matenda a chingamu chifukwa cha kupindika kwa kagayidwe kazakudya komanso magazi.
3. Matenda a shuga - gulu la matenda omwe amafotokoza matenda am'munsi am'munsi. Popeza miyendo ndiyo gawo lakutali kwambiri la thupi pakubwera kwa magazi, lembani matenda ashuga 1 a mellitus (odalira insulin) omwe amayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba. Popita nthawi, poyankha molakwika, gangrene amakula. Chithandizo chokhacho ndikuduladula miyendo.
4. Polyneuropathy ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi kumva kwa mikono ndi miyendo. Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira odwala insulin komanso omwe samadalira insulini amatenga zovuta zambiri kwa odwala.
5. Matenda a Erectile, omwe amayamba mwa amuna zaka 15 m'mbuyomu kuposa anzawo omwe akudwala matenda a shuga. Mwayi wakukula kwa kusabala ndi 20-85%, kuphatikiza apo, pali mwayi waukulu wokhala wopanda ana pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda ashuga, kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi komanso kawirikawiri kuzizira kumawonedwa.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga

Podziwa kuti pali zovuta zambiri matendawa, odwala amafunsa thandizo kuchokera kwa dokotala. Pambuyo pofufuza wodwalayo, endocrinologist, akukaikira mtundu wodziyimira payekha kapena wodwala wa insulin, amamuwongolera kuti awunikenso.

Pakadali pano, pali njira zambiri zodziwira matenda ashuga. Chosavuta komanso chothamanga kwambiri ndi kuyesa kwa magazi kuchokera pachala. Mpanda umachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Tsiku lisanafike kuwunikiridwa, madokotala samalimbikitsa kuti musadye maswiti ambiri, koma kudzikana nokha zakudya sikokwanira. Mtengo wabwinobwino wa kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa anthu athanzi ndi wamtunda kuchokera 3,9 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L.

Njira ina yotchuka ndiyo kuyesa kwa glucose. Kusanthula kotereku kumachitika kwa maola awiri. Palibe chakudya chisanachitike kafukufuku. Choyamba, magazi amatulutsidwa m'mitsempha, kenako wodwalayo amapatsidwa madzi akumwa omwe ali ndi shuga m'magawo atatu 3: 1. Kenako, wogwira ntchito zaumoyo amayamba kumwa magazi pambuyo pake. Zotsatira zomwe zidapezedwa pamwambapa 11.1 mmol / l zikuwonetsa kukula kwa mtundu wa insulin wodalira kapena wosadalira insulini.

Nthawi zina, kuyezetsa magazi a hemoglobin kumachitika. Chinsinsi cha phunziroli ndikuwayeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu. Kenako zotsatira zapakati zikuwonetsedwa. Chifukwa chakutalika kwake, kusanthula sikunatchuka kwambiri, komabe, kumapereka chithunzi cholondola kwa akatswiri.

Nthawi zina amayesedwa kuyesa kwa mkodzo wa shuga. Munthu wathanzi sayenera kukhala ndi glucose mu mkodzo, chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwake kumawonetsa matenda a shuga a fomu yodziyimira payokha kapena ya insulin.

Kutengera zotsatira za mayeserowa, adotolo amasankha zamankhwala.

Mbali zazikuluzikulu za chithandizo

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale mtundu wa 2 shuga umadalira insulini. Matendawa amatenga chithandizo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kosayenera. Popewa kudwala mtundu wa matenda a shuga a 2 omwe amadalira insulin, malamulo oyambira othandizira ayenera kutsatiridwa.

Ndi zigawo ziti zamankhwala zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti muchepetse glycemia ndikuwongolera matenda? Uwu ndi mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga, zolimbitsa thupi, kumwa mankhwala ndikusanthula shuga pafupipafupi. Muyenera kufotokozera zambiri za aliyense wa iwo.

Kuti akhalebe ndi shuga mokwanira, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera. Zimapatula kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta (maswiti, zipatso zotsekemera), komanso zakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta. Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin komanso osakhudzana ndi insulin amatha kuwongolera mosavuta pakudya masamba abwino, zipatso zosaphatikizika ndi zipatso (vwende, maapulo obiriwira, peyala, mabulosi akuda, sitiroberi), zinthu zamkaka zosenda, mitundu yonse ya chimanga.

Monga momwe akunenera, moyo ukuyenda. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndi mdani wokhala wonenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga. Odwala amalangizidwa kuchita yoga, Pilates, kuthamanga, kusambira, kuyenda ndi zina zina zogwira ntchito.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndichofunikira ngati wodwala atayamba kudwala matenda a shuga. Pankhaniyi, simungachite popanda kukhazikitsa insulin. Ndi kuchepa kosakwanira kwa shuga m'magazi, madokotala amapereka mankhwala a hypoglycemic. Ndi uti wa iwo omwe ali woyenera kwambiri kwa wodwala, adokotala amatsimikiza. Monga lamulo, wodwalayo amatenga mankhwala potengera metformin, saxagliptin ndi zina zina.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga ayenera kuyeza shuga nthawi iliyonse jekeseni wa insulin, ndipo odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri ayenera kuyeza katatu patsiku.

Komanso, wowerengeka azitsamba amathandizira kuchiza matenda awa. Makolo athu adziwa kalekale za kutsika kwa shuga komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma nyemba, masamba a lingonberry, mabulosi akutchire ndi mlombwa. Koma chithandizo chimodzi chomwe sichithandiza, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala.

Matenda a shuga si sentensi. Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu kukumbukira. Kudziwa zomwe zimadziwika ndi matendawa, munthu amatha kukayikira kusintha kwa thupi lake pakapita nthawi ndipo amabwera kwa dokotala kuti amupime. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kupewa kutenga mankhwala ambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti muli ndi moyo wokwanira.

Zizindikiro ndi mfundo zakuthandizira odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin azikambirana ndi akatswiri mu kanema munkhaniyi.