Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine momwe insulin yopangidwira kwathunthu kapena imasungidwa mosakwanira. Kuwonetsera kotsogola kwa matendawa ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, lembani matenda ashuga 2, omwe maselo amthupi sazindikira insulin, amapezeka mwa akazi kuposa amuna. Zowonadi, muzogonana, ma mahomoni amakumbukika, ndipo amasintha munthawi zosiyanasiyana za moyo.
Mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa insulin ndiwofala kwambiri kuposa matenda a shuga 1. Komanso, 80% ya odwala onse ndi onenepa kwambiri. Mwa odwala, minofu ya adipose imadziunjikira m'chifuwa ndi peritoneum, ndipo chithunzi chimakhala ngati apulo, chomwe chimatchedwa kunenepa kwam'mimba.
Zochitika
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2 azimayi ndizosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, itha kukhala kukalamba kwachilengedwe kwa thupi, chifukwa ndi ukalamba, kuthekera kwa kuyamwa kwa shuga kumachepa.
Komanso, chomwe chikuwongolera kukula kwa matenda a autoimmune ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Ngati pali owonjezera kulemera, kapangidwe ka magazi kamasokonekera, cholesterol yambiri imadziunjikira, yomwe imayikidwa pamakoma a mtima, omwe amathandizira kukulitsa kwa atherosclerosis. Zotsatira zake, zombo zobindikira zimasiya kuperekera okosijeni ndi michere minofu ndi ziwalo pazofunikira, maselo amayamba kuyamwa glucose ndi insulin kwambiri.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu am'magazi kumabweretsa kutsika kwa kapamba, kuchedwetsa insulin zolandila pama cell onse.
Komanso, kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 kungayambitse matenda opatsirana, makamaka, matenda opatsirana mwana. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali kutengera kwa chibadwa, ngakhale fulu wamba imatha kupangitsa matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zimangokhala kupsinjika ndi kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa azimayi opitirira zaka 30. Kuphatikiza apo, zizolowezi monga kusuta ndi mowa zimathandizira kuti matendawa ayambe.
Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, koma palinso zinthu zina zowopsa zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- kunenepa
- matenda a ziwopsezo (neurodermatitis, eczema);
- kubadwa mwabadwa;
- chitukuko cha atherosclerosis, angina pectoris ndi matenda oopsa;
- kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticosteroids kosalekeza;
- zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kumodzi kwa glucose amodzi panthawi yapakati, stroko kapena mtima;
- chotupa kapena adrenal gland chotupa;
- matenda a zam'mimba kapena kubadwa kwa ana olemera kuposa 4 kg.
Chithunzi cha kuchipatala
Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za matenda amitundu iwiri azimayi amayamba kukhala ndi msinkhu wokalamba (zaka 40-55). Mbali yina yamatenda amtunduwu ndikuti imakula pang'onopang'ono, pomwe pamakhala ngozi yayikulu.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi ludzu lalikulu. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi ludzu pafupipafupi chifukwa cha kusalinganika m'mahomoni ndi shuga m'thupi. Pamodzi ndi izi, mtsikanayo amatha kumva kupweteka pakamwa komanso kupweteka pachifuwa. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ludzu silingathetsedwe kwathunthu mosasamala kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe adamwa.
Chimodzi mwazomwe chimawonetsera matendawa ndi kukodza pafupipafupi, komwe kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kuchuluka kwamadzi. Koma chizindikiro choterechi chimatha kutsatiranso matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, cystitis. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku pafupifupi malita 2-3 ndi zopitilira 12 patsiku kuyenera kukhala chifukwa chodera nkhawa.
Zizindikiro zake zokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndizopanda chidwi, kugona, ndi kutopa. Maonekedwe a mkhalidwewu amathandizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni. Komabe, kutopa ndi kusinthasintha kumatha kuwonetsa matenda enanso owopsa achikazi.
Zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga mwa azimayi zikuuma khungu. M'malo mwake, kumwa zamadzi zambiri ndi zakudya zabwino zimakhudza khungu. Ikawuma, ndiye kuti mabala ndi ming'alu zimakhazikika pa iyo, yomwe imachira kwakutalika, ndipo nthawi zina imasanduka zilonda.
Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga omwe amayamba pang'onopang'ono, masinthidwe amachepetsedwa, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chachilendo:
- zotupa za goose;
- kusalala mumaso;
- dzanzi la miyendo ndi zala;
- spasms ya ng'ombe;
- kutayika kwa chala.
Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa ndikuluma kwa khungu, ndipo mwa azimayi zimamvekedwa makamaka pamtundu wa maliseche. Komanso, libido yawo imachepa, yomwe siyoy chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, komanso kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa thupi.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa azimayi ndizosagwira bwino ntchito mu msambo, komwe ndi gawo lofunikira laumoyo lomwe limakonzekeretsa ntchito yobereka pakubereka kwa ana. Koma ngati kusowa kwa mahomoni kwasokonekera, ndiye kuti izi zimapangitsa kuti matenda opatsirana azitha. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa kusokonezeka kwa msambo, wodwalayo ali ndi matenda ena amtundu wamkati (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea).
Kudwala kumayambira zaka 50-60, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kukula kwachiwiri kwa matenda ashuga. Munthawi imeneyi, thupi la mkazi limasinthika, lomwe limatsatana ndi zizindikilo izi:
- kupweteka mumtima ndi miyendo yochepa;
- malaise;
- kudzimbidwa
- thukuta
- kusintha kwa kulemera;
- chizungulire.
Munthawi imeneyi, ma endocrinologists amalangiza chithandizo cha mahomoni chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ziphuphu zizigwira ntchito komanso kupewa matenda ashuga m'tsogolo.
Koma ndi malingaliro ena ati omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi mkazi pofuna kupewa matenda a hyperglycemia?
Njira zopewera
Matenda a shuga amtunduwu, monga fomu yodziyimira payekha sangathe kulepheretsa chizindikiro choyamba chakulephera kwa metabolic. Koma odwala ambiri amachedwa kwambiri kukafunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala, kenako amayenera kuchita chithandizo chokonzanso moyo wawo wonse.
Chifukwa chake, kuti tipewe kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga kapena osachedwa kukula kwake, ndikofunikira kuti tisaiwale za njira zopewera. Ndikofunika kuti madzi azikhala moyenera mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito za kapamba zikhale zowoneka bwino kudzera m'maselo. Chifukwa chake, musanadye chilichonse, muyenera kumwa kapu yamadzi oyera, ndipo muyenera kukana khofi, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, tiyi ndi mowa.
Pofuna kuti asakhale ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 azimayi, ndikofunikira kuti aziwunika zakudya zawo. Choyamba, muyenera kuwerengera zopatsa mphamvu za zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku kotero kuti zosachepera 1200, koma osapitirira 2500, poganizira kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi.
Komanso, ndikofunikira kupatula chakudya cham'mimba chambiri ndikuchichulukitsa ndi zipatso, masamba, zipatso, zitsamba, mtedza ndi zakudya zina, zokhala ndi fiber yambiri, mavitamini ndi michere. Chakudya chimayenera kudulidwa mpaka katatu pa tsiku, pomwe chakudya chimayenera kudyedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Malonda abwino opewera matenda a shuga:
- mabulosi decoctions kutengera cranberries, viburnum, hawthorn, phulusa lamapiri;
- chimanga;
- zipatso za malalanje;
- lonse ufa wa tirigu;
- masamba (tsabola belu, radish, beets, kabichi) ndi nyemba.
Komanso, onse odwala matenda ashuga amafunikira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kunenepa kwambiri, zimathandizira kuti mafuta azichotsa cholesterol, kulimbitsa mtima ndi minyewa, chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukonza thanzi lathunthu.
Kuti izi zitheke, ndikokwanira kusewera masewera tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 30, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi maselo abwino komanso kusintha magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyenda chapamwamba kapena kuyenda maola angapo m'mlengalenga watsopano, osachepera kawiri pa sabata.
Komanso, azimayi onse ayenera kulimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Kupatula apo, kupanikizika ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa mtima wa mtima, komwe kumakulitsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha zolephera zamankhwala.
Ngati m'modzi wa abale ake ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti kupewa kuyambira kuyambira ubwana. Chifukwa chake, mtsikana wazaka 4 zitha kujambulidwa mgawo la masewera kapena kutumizidwa kuvina.
Ngati chithandizo chamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga mellitus ndi masewera atsimikizira kuti sichothandiza ndipo matenda ashuga apezeka, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amachitika pofuna kutsitsa magazi a shuga. Pankhaniyi, zizindikiritso ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga zimachotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi sulfonylurea, mankhwala opangira chidwi omwe amakonzanso kukana kwa maselo ku insulin, buganides, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors ndi mankhwala ena.
Zizindikiro za matenda amitundu iwiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga mwa azimayi amatha kuzindikiritsidwa ndi kanema mu nkhaniyi.
