Mulingo wofunikira kwambiri wa shuga ndi womwe uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti kupatuka pang'ono kwa mulingo wa glucose m'magazi a wodwala woterowo pamwamba kapena pansi kumatha kupha iye. Kudziwa zisonyezo zakuya za shuga mu shuga, mutha kuchita zinthu zowonetsetsa kuti matendawa sakudwala.
Lingaliro la shuga yovuta kwambiri
Chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri chimakhala mamilimita 5.5 pa lita, ndipo muyenera kuyang'ana mukamawerenga zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga. Ngati tikulankhula za kufunika kokhala ndi shuga wambiri, ndiye ichi ndi chisonyezo choposa 7.8 mmol. Ponena za otsika - lero ndi chithunzi pansipa 2.8 mmol. Ndipokhapokha mutatha kukwaniritsa izi m'thupi la munthu momwe zosintha zosinthika zimayamba.
Mlingo wovuta wa shuga wa ma millimales a 15-17 pa lita imodzi amabweretsa kukula kwa chikomokere cha hyperglycemic, pomwe zifukwa zake zimakhudzira odwala. Chifukwa chake, anthu ena, ngakhale ali ndi mitengo yokwana mamiliyoni 17 pa lita imodzi, akumva bwino ndipo samawoneka kuti akuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwawo pamikhalidwe yawo. Ndi chifukwa chomwechi kuti zamankhwala zangokhala ndi zikhalidwe zongoyerekeza zomwe zitha kuzimidwa kuti zitha kupha anthu.
Ngati tirikunena za zoyipa zakusintha kwa shuga m'magazi, zoyipitsitsa kwambiri zimawonedwa kuti ndi vuto la hyperglycemic. Wodwala akapezeka ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, amatha kuyamba kutaya madzi mthupi limodzi ndi ketoacidosis. Ngati matenda ashuga azidziletsa payekha, ketoacidosis sichimachitika, ndipo kuchepa kwamphamvu m'modzi kumatha kulembedwa mwa wodwala. Mulimonsemo, zonsezi zingathe kumuopseza wodwalayo.
Ngati wodwala akudwala kwambiri, pamakhala chiwopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la ketaciodic, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa motsutsana ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka motsutsana ndi matenda opatsirana. Nthawi zambiri cholimbikitsira chimatsitsidwa ndimwazi, pomwe zizindikiro zotsatirazi zalembedwa:
- kukula lakuthwa kwamadzi;
- kugona ndi kufooka kwa wodwala;
- kamwa yowuma ndi khungu louma;
- kukhalapo kwa kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa;
- phokoso komanso kupuma kwakukuru.
Ngati magazi a shuga afika pakuwonetsedwa kwa 55 mmol, wodwalayo amawonetsedwa kuchipatala mwachangu, apo ayi akhoza kungofa. Mofananamo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ubongo "wogwira ntchito" pa glucose ukhoza kudwala izi. Pankhaniyi, kuukira kumatha kuchitika mosayembekezereka, ndipo kudzadziwika ndi kunjenjemera, kuzizira, chizungulire, kufooka miyendo, komanso thukuta labodza.
Mulimonsemo, ambulansi pano sizikhala zokwanira.
Njira zothandizira
Matenda a matenda ashuga omwe amadza mwa wodwala amangozindikira ndi a endocrinologist wokhazikika, komabe, ngati wodwalayo akudziwa motsimikiza kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse, khungu lake siliyenera kutchulidwa chifukwa cha matenda, monga m'mimba, koma mwachangu njira zopulumutsa moyo wake.
Muyezo wogwira ntchito mukangoyamba kumene kwa hyperglycemic coma ndikoyambitsidwa kwa insulin yochepa pakhungu la wodwala. Momwemonso, pamene jakisoni awiri wodwala asanabwerenso, amafunika kuyitanitsa dokotala.
Momwe wodwalayo akuyenera kuchitira, ayenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa shuga komanso zovuta, malinga ndi zomwe zikupezeka, akupatsirana Mlingo wa insulin ngati muli ndi vuto la hyperglycemia. Pankhaniyi, munthu sayenera kuganizira za kukhalapo kwa acetone m'magazi ake. Pofuna kukhazikitsa mlingo wofunikira kuti muchepetse vuto la wodwalayo, kuyezetsa magazi mwachangu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake.
Njira zosavuta kwambiri zowerengetsera kuchuluka kwa shuga muyezo wa insulin ndikuwongolera gawo limodzi la insulini kuwonjezera pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachulukitsa ndi 1.5-2,5 mamilimita. Wodwala akayamba kuzindikira acetone, kuchuluka kwa insulini kuyenera kuchulukitsidwa kawiri.
Mlingo wowongolera wokhawo ukhoza kusankhidwa ndi dokotala pazomwe akuwunika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutenga magazi kwa wodwala nthawi zina.
Njira zodzitetezera
Sayansi yamakono yamankhwala yakonza malamulo a kupewa omwe wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira, mwachitsanzo, monga:
- Kuyang'anira kupezeka kwa glucose kosankhidwa ndi dokotala
- Kukana pamalo okhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito maswiti ndi zakudya zina zamafuta othamanga.
- Kukana kumwa mowa, kusuta fodya, masewera a yoga kapena masewera ena, kukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi.
- Kuwunika kwa nthawi ndi nthawi mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imalowetsedwa m'thupi. Ayenera kuyenerana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwalayo.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti onse odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chotsogola mtsogolo ayenera kukhala ndi glucometer yolondola kunyumba. Ndi chithandizo chake pokhapokha ngati kuli kotheka, ngati kungafunike, kuchita mayeso mwadzidzidzi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwala. Izi zikuthandizanso kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuwerengera payekha kuchuluka kwa insulin, komanso kuyenera kuphunzitsidwa maluso oyambira ake oyamba pansi pa khungu. Jakisoni wophweka kwambiri amachitidwa ndi cholembera chapadera. Ngati wodwalayo salola kuti adzipangire yekha jakisoni, majekeseni otere ayenera kupangitsa banja lake ndi abwenzi.
Zokhudza mankhwala azikhalidwe zomwe zimachulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa magazi, ziyenera kuthandizidwa mosamala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti thupi la munthu limatha kuyankha mosiyanasiyana pakumwa mankhwala amodzi kapena achilengedwe. Zotsatira zake, kusakonzekera kwathunthu kumatha kuchitika komwe shuga ya magazi imayamba "kulumpha". Ndikwabwino kukaonana ndi dotolo yemwe angakulangize kulowetsedwa kwina kuti athetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito pamafashoni osiyanasiyana omwe adatsatsa malonda posachedwapa. Ambiri aiwo sanatsimikizire kuthandizira kwawo kwamankhwala, chifukwa chake amayenera kuthandizidwa ndikukayikira kwambiri. Mulimonsemo, m'zaka makumi zikubwerazi, palibe chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwa kuyambitsa insulini, chifukwa chake adzakhala njira yayikulu yothandizira odwala.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi zimaperekedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.
