Mankhwala a insulin ndiye maziko a matenda a shuga 1. Insulin yokhayo yomwe imatha kutsitsa shuga m'magazi ndipo potero imalepheretsa kukula kwa masanjidwe owopsa a matenda ashuga, monga kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, kuwonongeka kwa miyendo, kukulira kwa pathologies a mtima, impso ndi chimbudzi.
Odwala odwala matenda ashuga amadziwa kuti insulini iyenera kuthandizidwa mosiyanasiyana, chifukwa pamenepa mankhwalawa amalowa m'matumbo a minyewa, kuchokera pomwe amalowetsedwa m'magazi. Izi zimathandiza kuwongolera bwino kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuzilepheretsa kuti igwe kwambiri.
Komabe, nthawi zina pamachitika kuti jakisoni wa insulin wambiri sangakhale wokwanira kuchitira wodwalayo, kenako mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, kapena jakisoni.
Mankhwala othandizira oterewa amayenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa amathandizira kuchuluka kwa insulin nthawi yomweyo komanso kutsika kwamphamvu kwa glucose, komwe kungayambitse kwambiri hypoglycemia.
Chifukwa chake, musanaphatikizidwe ndi insulin ya insulin pamankhwala ake othandizira, ndikofunikira kumveketsa bwino ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndikoyenera komanso chifukwa chake kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zabwino.
Pamene insulin imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kubaya insulin m'mitsempha kungakhale kosavulaza kwa wodwalayo, motero, jakisoni wambiri wa mankhwalawa uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yomaliza.
Nthawi zambiri, mtsempha wa magazi a insulin amachitika chifukwa cha mankhwalawa chifukwa cha zovuta, zomwe ndi:
- Kwambiri hyperglycemia ndi hyperglycemic chikomokere;
- Ketoacidosis ndi ketoacidotic chikomokere;
- Hyperosmolar chikomokere;
Nthawi zina wodwala mwiniyo angaganize zosintha kuchokera ku jakisoni wanjira mpaka kukhala mtsempha. Monga lamulo, pali zifukwa zazikulu zingapo izi:
- Chikhumbo chothamangitsira mphamvu ya mankhwalawa;
- Kufuna kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin;
- Kulowa mwangozi mwadzidzidzi mu jakisoni.
Malinga ndi endocrinologists, pafupifupi wodwala aliyense wa matenda a shuga adabayira mankhwala ena a insulin kamodzi, koma madokotala ambiri amachenjeza odwala awo motsutsana ndi izi.
Choyamba, chifukwa ma insulin ambiri amapangidwira makamaka kwa subcutaneous kapena intramuscular management. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa mankhwala omwe amapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa, omwe amaletsedwa kulowa msempha.
Kachiwiri, si odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amatha kuzindikira momwe angayambire hypoglycemia munthawi yake, zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chowonadi ndichakuti chifukwa chosinthasintha pafupipafupi m'magazi a shuga, odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mbiri yayitali amasiya kusiyanitsa pakati pazizindikiro za shuga wochepa komanso wapamwamba mpaka mkhalidwe wake ukhale wovuta.
Pankhaniyi, munthu amatha kukumbukira ndikugwa, zomwe popanda thandizo la kuchipatala zimamupangitsa kuti afe.
Mtsempha wa magazi insulin zochizira hyperglycemia
Odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amadziwa bwino zomwe hyperglycemia ndi. Vutoli limatha chifukwa cha kuphwanya zakudya, kuchuluka kwa insulini, kupumula jakisoni, kupsinjika kwakukulu, kutenga kachilomboka komanso zinthu zina zambiri.
Hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri imayamba pang'onopang'ono, pomwe imayamba kuwonetsedwa ndi izi:
- Zofooka zazikulu;
- Ululu m'mutu;
- Udzu wokhazikika;
- Kukodza kwambiri;
- Zowonongeka;
- Pakamwa pakamwa;
- Khungu loyera.
Pakadali pano pokonza zovuta, kukonza mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, ndikokwanira kupanga majakisoni ochepa a insulin yochepa, omwe amathandizira kuchepetsa shuga ya magazi kukhala yabwinobwino.
Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwina kwa glucose m'thupi kungayambitse kukula koopsa - ketoacidosis. Amadziwika ndi kudziunjikira kwa ma acetone acids m'magazi, omwe angayambitse kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa thupi ndikupangitsa kusokonekera kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi impso.
Ndikotheka kudziwa kukhalapo kwa ketoacidosis wodwala ndi mpweya wotchulidwa wa acetone. Ngati ilipo, zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa wodwalayo kwakwera kuposa 20 mmol / l, komwe kumafunika chisamaliro chachipatala mwachangu.
Zikakhala choncho, jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin sangakhale wokwanira kuchepetsa shuga. Mkulu potulutsa shuga wambiri, kuphatikiza kwa insulini kokha kungathandize wodwalayo.
Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuwerengera mulingo woyenera, popeza jekeseni wa insulini ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Mlingo weniweni wa insulin umadalira shuga. Mwachitsanzo, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la shuga wambiri, shuga wambiri amatha kupitirira 50 mmol / l.
Munthawi imeneyi, magazi a wodwalayo amadzaza ndi shuga kotero kuti amataya zinthu zomwe amakhala nazo, amakhala wonenepa komanso wonyezimira. Izi zimasokoneza ntchito ya mtima ndi kwamikodzo, ndipo zimadzetsa chiwopsezo pamoyo wa wodwalayo.
Kuchotsa wodwala pamatendawo, sikukwanira kungolemba insulin m'mitsempha. Izi zimafunikira kulowetsedwa kosalekeza kwa mankhwala kulowa m'thupi la wodwalayo ndi kukapumira. Kutsitsa insulin ndi thandizo loyamba pamavuto akulu a hyperglycemia.
Insulin droppers imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati wodwala agonekedwa m'chipatala, chifukwa pamafunika zambiri ndi kudziwa. Ndi choletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito iwo kunyumba chifukwa chowopseza kwambiri cha hypoglycemia.
Zina insulin yolowetsa insulin
Nthawi zina odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amalowetsa insulin m'mitsempha kuti alimbikitse komanso imathandizira mphamvu ya mankhwalawa. Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga amadziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti thupi lake lisasinthe, kuwononga mitsempha yamagazi ndi mafupa am'mitsempha.
Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakonda kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose posachedwa ndipo potero amachepetsa kuvulaza kwawo. Komabe, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kukhala ndi hypoglycemia sichinyalanyaza zabwino za mankhwalawa, chifukwa shuga wochepa wamwazi sakhala wowopsa kuposa mkulu.
Chifukwa chake, ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, muyezo wapadera wa insulini uyenera kuperekedwa mwachangu. Njira iyi yolimbana ndi shuga wambiri ndiyothandiza kwambiri komanso ndiotetezeka. Ngati jakisoni imodzi sinali yokwanira kutsitsa shuga, ndiye kuti patapita nthawi mutha kupanga jakisoni wowonjezera.
Chifukwa china chomwe munthu wodwala matenda ashuga angafune kusintha jakisoni wambiri wa insulin ndi omwe ali ndi mtsempha wamitsempha ndikufuna kuchepetsa ndalama. Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a shuga amadziwa kuti insulin ndi mankhwala okwera mtengo. Ndipo ngakhale ndi ochepetsetsa tsiku lililonse la mankhwalawa, kumwa kwake kumakhala kwakukulu.
Odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Ngakhale mtsempha wa magazi kukonzekera insulin kukonzekera amafunika kangapo koma subcutaneous. Izi, zachidziwikire, ndi njira yayikulu yopezera njira zamankhwala izi.
Komabe, jakisoni wambiri wa insulin, kuchuluka konse kwa ma rhinestones a mankhwala amalowa m'magazi, omwe amachititsa kutsika kwamphamvu m'magazi a shuga. Ngakhale kuti insulin imayamba kugwirira ntchito, pang'onopang'ono imalowetsedwa m'magazi kuchokera m'matumbo am'madzi, pang'onopang'ono kutsika magazi.
Chithandizo ichi cha matenda ashuga ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa wodwala, chifukwa ndi kutsanzitsa kolondola kwambiri kwamachitidwe omwe amapezeka mthupi la munthu wathanzi. Kutsika kowopsa kwambiri m'magazi a glucose kumayambitsa mantha m'thupi ndipo kungayambitse zotsatira zowopsa.
Kuukira pafupipafupi kwa hypoglycemia, komwe kosagwirizana ndi mtsempha wa magazi a insulin, kumatha kuyambitsa zisokonezo muubongo ndi kuyambitsa kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro. Chifukwa chake, insulin iyenera kubayidwa m'mitsempha pokhapokha nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, ndi shuga wambiri.
Koma nthawi zina kuyambika kwa insulin m'mitsempha kumatha kuchitika mosazindikira ngati wodwalayo alowa m'mitsempha nthawi ya jakisoni. Milandu ngati imeneyi imakhala yofala makamaka ngati wodwalayo sailowetsa m'mimba, koma m'chiuno. Kudziwa izi ndikosavuta: pambuyo pakubaya jekeseni wamitsempha, magazi a venous nthawi zonse amawonekera pakhungu, lomwe limakhala ndi mtundu wakuda kuposa capillary.
Pankhaniyi, muyenera kumwa mapiritsi a glucose, kudya supuni ya uchi kapena kumwa msuzi wokoma. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuteteza wodwala ku hypoglycemia.
Katswiri wa kanemayu munkhaniyi akamba za njira zoperekera insulin.
