Kodi matenda ashuga amtundu 2 ndi chiyani: zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro

Mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba wamatenda, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umapezeka mwa wodwala aliyense wachinayi, ndipo nthawi zambiri munthu sadziwa za kukhalapo kwa vuto la pathological mthupi. Chifukwa chaumbuli, zovuta zamtundu uliwonse zimawonekera.

Koma ngati muyamba mankhwala munthawi ya amuna ndi akazi, zizindikilo zoyambirira zikaonekera ndipo matenda a shuga atakula, mavuto akulu atha kupewedwa. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia amawonedwa chifukwa chakuti maselo sakhala tcheru ndi insulin yotulutsa.

Chifukwa chake, mtundu wamtunduwu sugwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka insulin. Chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwake, kuchuluka kwa glucose a m'magazi kumachuluka, chifukwa chomwe chotupa cham'magazi chapakati ndi ma cell am'kati amawonongeka chifukwa cha nthenda yomwe ikubwera. Kuti musankhe chithandizo choyenera, muyenera kudziwa - lembani mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri ndi momwe mungathane nawo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga A Type 2

Mwa 90 peresenti ya omwe amakhala ndi matendawa, odwala amapezeka ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayambitsa kusiyana. Pankhaniyi, kapamba amapitiliza kupanga insulini, koma thupi silingataye bwino mahomoni omwe alipo, ndichifukwa chake shuga imadziunjikira m'magazi ndikupangitsa zovuta zingapo.

Ngakhale kuti kapamba sikuwonongeka, thupi silingathe kuyamwa bwino kwambiri insulin chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa zinthu zowonongeka za insulin m'maselo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2.

Choyambirira, izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa kudya zakudya ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri momwe zingathere.

1. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2 ndi ukalamba wachilengedwe. Mukakalamba, munthu amatha kulekerera shuga, ndiye kuti, thupi limachedwa kutaya mphamvu pang'onopang'ono.
2. Ndi zaka, kusintha kotere kumachitika pafupifupi aliyense, koma mwa anthu athanzi, kumva kumatsika pang'onopang'ono. Koma ngati wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lakelo, njirayi imachitika mwachangu, ndipo chotsatira chake, munthu amatha kudwala matenda a shuga 2.
3. Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, pali kuphwanya mawonekedwe a magazi, kuwonjezereka kwa cholesterol, yomwe imakhazikika pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikupangitsa kuti atherosermosis ipangidwe. M'mawu osavuta, mawonekedwe a cholesterol plaque, michere ndi mpweya sizingalowe m'matumbo ndi ziwalo zamkati, chifukwa cha vuto la mpweya, kupatsidwa kwa insulin ndi glucose kumachepa.
4. Chifukwa chachitatu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga a II akhalepo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso zakudya zomwe zili ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zochulukirapo zimayambitsa kufooka kwa kapamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a insulin m'maselo a minyewa ndi ziwalo zamkati.

Monga momwe asayansi asonyezera, pamaso pa kholo lachiwiri la matenda ashuga m'modzi mwa makolo, chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana yemwe watenga matenda pamzere wobadwira ndi 35-40 peresenti. Zikadachitika kuti matendawa afala pakati pa makolo awiri, chiwopsezocho chikuwonjezeka mpaka 60-70 peresenti. Amapasa a Monozygotic nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi matenda a shuga a gulu 2 mu 60-65 peresenti, ndipo mapasa otupa mu milandu ya 12-30 peresenti.

Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 apezeka mwa amuna kapena akazi, nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, vuto lofananako la metabolic limapezeka mu 60-80 peresenti ya odwala matenda ashuga. Kuchulukana kwam'mimba kumakhala kochuluka, mafuta akayamba kuchuluka m'mimba ndi m'chiuno.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi, kuchuluka kwamafuta acids kumawonjezeka. Ichi ndiye gwero lamphamvu mwa anthu, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya ma acid, hyperinsulinemia ndi insulin kukana kumayamba.

Kuphatikiza izi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito zachinsinsi za kapamba. Pazifukwa izi, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umapezeka kumayambiriro mwa kusanthula kwa plasma yamafuta ache. Ndi zochulukirapo pazinthu izi, kulolera kwa glucose kumapezeka, ngakhale kusala kudya kwa hyperglycemia sikunapezeke.

• Tizilombo tambiri timafunikira timagulu tambiri tambiri. Koma ndi njala kwa maola opitilira 10, kutha kwa malo osungirako shuga kumawonedwa. Poterepa, chiwindi chimayamba kuphatikiza glucose pazinthu zopanda thupi.
• Pambuyo podya, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonjezeka, chiwindi chimasiya ntchito zake ndikusungira shuga mtsogolo. Komabe, pamaso pa cirrhosis, hemochromatosis ndi matenda ena owopsa, chiwindi sichimayimitsa ntchito yake ndikupitiliza kuphatikiza shuga, yomwe pamapeto pake imadzetsa matenda a shuga a 2.
• Chifukwa cha metabolic syndrome kapena vuto la kukana ma insulin ya mahomoni, kuchuluka kwa mafuta kwama visceral kumawonjezera, chakudya, lipid ndi purine metabolism kusokonekera, matenda oopsa am'thupi amayamba.
• Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zimachitika pamaso pa kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi, polycystic ovary syndrome, matenda oopsa, matenda a mtima, kusintha kwa mahomoni, kusokonekera kwa uric acid kagayidwe.

Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2 zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa organic ndi ntchito kwa ma cell a pancreatic beta. Komanso matendawa amatha kupezeka chifukwa cha mankhwala ena - glucocorticoids, thiazides, beta-blockers, atypical antipsychotic, statins.

Chifukwa chake, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umayamba nthawi zotsatirazi:

1. Pamaso pa kubadwa kwa cholowa;
2. Mwa anthu owonjezera thupi ndi kunenepa kwambiri;
3. Amayi omwe kale adabereka mwana wolemera kuposa 4 kg, kapena ndi pathological mimba;
4. Ndi pafupipafupi kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticoids - mawonekedwe a mahomoni a adrenal cortex;
5. Mukapezeka ndi matenda a Itsenko-Cushing kapena zotupa za adrenal gland, komanso acromegaly - zotupa za pituitary;
6. Mwa amuna ndi akazi a zaka 40-50 wazaka zoyambira kukula kwa atherosulinosis, angina pectoris kapena matenda oopsa;
7. Mwa anthu adakali gawo loyambirira kwamatumbo;
8. Ndi matenda a eczema, atopic dermatitis ndi matenda ena a thupi lawo siligwirizana;
9. Pambuyo pa stroko, kugunda kwa mtima, matenda opatsirana, komanso nthawi yapakati.

Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri

Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, zizindikilo ndi zofanana ndi matenda amtundu woyamba. Wodwalayo wawonjezera kukodza masana ndi usiku, ludzu, kamwa yowuma, chilimbikitso, kufooka, kufooka. Nthawi zambiri kuyabwa kumawonekera pakhungu, ukuyaka mu perineum, khungu limayatsidwa.

Komabe, mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, kusiyanitsa sikokwanira, koma kuchepa kwa insulin. Hamu yocheperako imatha kulumikizana ndi ma receptors, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chomwe wodwalayo sangadziwe kukula kwa matendawa.

The odwala matenda ashuga amamva kuwuma pang'ono mkamwa ndi ludzu, nthawi zina kuyabwa kumawonekera pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba, zotupa zimayamba, milandu ya kutupa ikupezeka mwa akazi.

Komanso, munthu amakhala ndi ululu wamkamwa kwambiri, mano amatha, ndipo masomphenya amachepetsedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa kwa glucose wophatikizira pakhungu kupita kunja kapena kulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi, pa shuga, nayonso bowa ndi mabakiteriya amayamba kuchuluka.

Ngati dokotala wazindikira matenda a shuga 2, amayamba kulandira mayeso athunthu ndikumaliza mayeso onse ofunika.

Ndi matenda opita patsogolo, shuga amatha kupezeka mu mkodzo, womwe umatsogolera pakupanga kwa glucosuria.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga

Matenda akapezeka mwa amuna kapena akazi, dokotalayo amauza mtundu 2 wa shuga, ndikusankha chithandizo choyenera. Choyamba, zakudya zapadera zochiritsira zimaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, momwe kudya zakudya zamagulu ndi zakudya zama calorie ochepa. Njira zoterezi zimathandizira kuchepetsa kunenepa komanso kubwezeretsa chidwi cha maselo ku insulin ya mahomoni.

Ngati zakudya sizithandiza, ndipo matendawa adayamba kugwira ntchito, wodwalayo amatenga mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, mankhwalawa amakupatsirani kubwezeretsa kaphatikizidwe ka insulin ndikufotokozeranso kapamba. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amatengedwa tsiku lililonse kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku kwa mphindi 30 asanadye.

Mlingo wake umasankhidwa molingana ndi zomwe dokotala wakupatsani; kusintha mlingo kumavomerezedwanso pokhapokha povomerezana ndi madokotala. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi vuto la chiwindi kapena kulephera kwa aimpso, makonzedwe othandizira odwala amachepetsa shuga, motero, insulin imaperekedwa ku gulu la odwala matenda ashuga.

• Chithandizo cha insulin chitha kuikidwa ngati mankhwala othandizira sanatsatidwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo mankhwalawo sanapatsidwe mankhwala. Pokhapokha pakufunika chithandizo, pancreatic depletion imachitika, ndipo ma jakisoni okha ndi omwe angathandize.
• Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira ndi zitsamba zomwe zimabwezeretsa chidwi cha maselo ku mahomoni. Mitengo ya zitsamba imathandizanso mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, chifukwa amathandizira kulumikizana bwino kwa insulin ndi maselo a ziwalo zamkati.
• Koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti njira zoterezi zimatha kukhala zothandiza komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi chithandizo chachikulu. Pa mankhwala azitsamba, mankhwala azitsamba sayenera kusiya, muyenera kupitiliza kumwa mapiritsi kapena kupanga jakisoni wa insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala moyo wakhama ndipo osayiwala zolimbitsa thupi, izi zimakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi matenda ashuga komanso shuga a m'magazi. Ngati mumakonda kuchita zolimbitsa thupi ndikudya moyenera, mapiritsi sangakhale ofunika, ndipo shuga amabwereranso kwina m'masiku awiri.

Zakudya Zamatenda a Type 2 shuga

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kudya kwachithandizo kumakhala njira yayikulu komanso yothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kulephera kwakokwanira kwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri. Ma carbohydrate ndi "opepuka", ali ndi mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono, kotero amatha kumizidwa nthawi yomweyo m'matumbo. Zinthu izi zimaphatikizapo shuga ndi fructose.

Zotsatira zake, mwa abambo ndi amayi izi zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwamagazi m'magazi. Palinso michere yotchedwa "katundu" yambiri yomwe imawonjezera pang'ono shuga - fiber ndi wowuma.

Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, muyenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito shuga, uchi, kupanikizana, chokoleti, maswiti, ayisikilimu ndi maswiti ena. Zinthu zophika buledi zopangidwa ndi ufa woyera, pasitala, makeke, makeke sayenera kuperekedwa kuchakudya, ndipo nthochi ndi mphesa sizilimbikitsidwanso. Mitundu yamtunduwu imapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo pakalibe chithandizo, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga.

1. CHIKWANGWANI ndi wowuma akhoza kudya, koma zochuluka. Wodwalayo amaloledwa kudya mbatata, mkate wa rye kuchokera ku ufa wowuma, njere zosiyanasiyana, nandolo zobiriwira, nyemba. Pakuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro za glucose, muyenera kusiya mitundu iyi yazinthu.
2. Komabe, zakudya zamankhwala zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zambiri zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Makamaka, wodwalayo amatha kudya mitundu yochepa yamafuta a nyama ndi nsomba, zamkaka zopanda shuga ndi utoto, tchizi, tchizi chanyumba.
3. Kuyambira masamba, muyenera kuphatikiza beets, kaloti, zipatso, rutabaga, radara, radishi, kabichi, kolifulawa, tomato, nkhaka, dzungu, nyemba zobiriwira, biringanya, zukini, ndi udzu winawake mumenyu. Komanso, musaiwale kuchokera ku maapulo osawoneka bwino, mapeyala, plums, yamatcheri, zipatso zamtchire.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi tsiku lililonse, chifukwa zimachepetsa matumbo, zimathandiza kuchepetsa thupi, komanso kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi.

• Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kumapezeka mu chinangwa, raspberries, sitiroberi, zakuda, zofiira ndi zoyera, ma bowa atsopano, ma buluu, cranberries, gooseberries, ndi prunes.
• Pochulukirapo pang'ono, fiber imapezeka mu kaloti, kabichi, nandolo zobiriwira, biringanya, tsabola wokoma, dzungu, quince, sorelo, malalanje, mandimu, lingonberries.
• Utoto wokwanira umapezeka mu mkate wa rye, anyezi wobiriwira, nkhaka, beets, phwetekere, radish, kolifulawa, vwende, apricots, mapeyala, mapichesi, maapulo. Nthochi, ma tangerine.
• CHIKWANGWANI chochepa mu mpunga, zukini, letesi, chivwende, chitumbuwa, plums, yamatcheri.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawa komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa, zakudya zamankhwala zosankha zimasankhidwa.

Kusankha kwa chithandizo chamankhwala

Zakudya zochizira "tebulo No. 8" limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda ashuga awonekera posachedwa. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya zoterezi zimaperekedwa kwa okalamba ndi ana kuti azitha kusintha magazi a wodwalayo mwachangu. Koma kutsatira njira imeneyi sikuti nthawi zonse, koma nthawi ndi nthawi.

Mbatata ndi mbewu monga chimanga sizimaphatikizidwa mndandanda wonsewo; wodwala matenda ashuga amadya nyama, mkaka ndi masamba atsopano. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku si woposa 250 g wa nyama yophika kapena nsomba, 300 g ya kanyumba tchizi, 0,5 l mkaka, kefir kapena yogati, 20 g ya tchizi, 10 ml ya mafuta a masamba, 100 g wa rye mkate, 800 g wa masamba atsopano, 400 g zipatso. Mazira amathanso kuphatikizidwa muzosankha zidutswa 2-3 pa sabata.

Kuti amalipire matenda a shuga komanso kupewa kusokonekera, amatsatira zakudya zotchulidwa "Table No. 9A", nthawi zambiri amalembera matenda omwe amalipiridwa bwino. Kutengera ndi mankhwalawa, maphikidwe a tsiku ndi tsiku akhoza kukhala osaposa 300 g ya nyama yophika kapena nsomba, 300 g yanyumba tchizi, 0,5 l yogati, kefir kapena mkaka, 30 g ya batala, 30 ml ya masamba am'madzi, 250 g ya rye mkate, 900 g yatsopano masamba, 400 g zipatso, 150 g wa bowa.

Mukapeza zisonyezo zabwino m'zakudya, amaloledwa kuyambitsa mbatata ndi chimanga pang'ono, pomwe mapangidwe akuthwa kwa glucose, mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga amatengedwa, omwe amayenera kuthandizidwa pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza utsogoleri wa insulin sikusiyidwa pokhapokha ngati milanduyo ndi yowopsa komanso yosasamalidwa.

Kuti mankhwalawa apite bwino komanso popanda zovuta, muyenera kufunsa dokotala, adzakuwuzani zonse zokhudza matenda ashuga a 2 ndikusankha zakudya zoyenera.

Endocrinologist amalankhula za mtundu 2 wa shuga mu kanema munkhaniyi.