Ku Russia, anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi anthu oposa mamiliyoni atatu. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anira kudya kwawo nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, funso limakhala lofunikira: momwe mungawerengere magawo a mkate.
Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti odwala azichita kuwerengera pawokha, kuyeza chilichonse nthawi zonse ndi kuwerengera sizotheka. Kuti athandizire kutsatira njirazi, amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo powerengera mkate omwe alemba zofunikira za XE pachinthu chilichonse.
Chigoba cha mkate ndi chizindikiritso chofunikira chomwe chimakhala chofunikira kuposa chiwonetsero cha matenda a shuga. Mwa kuwerengera molondola XE, mutha kukwaniritsa kudziimira pawokha kuchokera ku insulin, ndikuchepetsa shuga.
Kodi gawo la mkate ndi chiyani?
Kwa munthu aliyense, chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimayamba ndi kufunsa kwa dotolo, pomwe adotolo amafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za zomwe matendawa amafotokozera ndipo amalimbikitsa wodwala kudya zinazake.
Ngati pakufunika chithandizo ndi insulin, ndiye kuti mlingo wake ndi makonzedwe ake amakambidwa mosiyana. Maziko a chithandizo nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwerengera tsiku ndi tsiku kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kuwongolera shuga.
Kuti mutsatire malamulo a mankhwalawa, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungawerengere CN, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya. Tisaiwale kuti mothandizidwa ndi chakudya chotere m'magazi a shuga mumatha mphindi 15. Zakudya zamagulu ena zimawonjezera chizindikiritso ichi pakatha mphindi 30 mpaka 40.
Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chalowa m'thupi la munthu. Kuwerenga "kudya" komanso "pang'onopang'ono" ndikosavuta. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungawerengere moyenera kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa cha zopatsa mphamvu zamagulu ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zovulaza komanso zothandiza mwa iwo. Kutsogolera ntchitoyi, mawu adapangidwa pansi pa dzina la "mkate mkate".
Dzinali limawerengedwa kuti ndi lofunikira popereka glycemic control mu matenda monga matenda a shuga. Ngati odwala matenda ashuga aganiza molondola XE, izi zimakwaniritsa njira yolipirira kusinthika kwa magawo osinthika a carbohydrate. Kuchuluka kwawerengeredwe mwa magawo awa kumayimitsa njira za pathological zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malekezero akumunsi.
Ngati tiganiza za mkate umodzi, ndiye kuti ndi wofanana ndi magalamu 12 a chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, chidutswa chimodzi cha mkate wa rye chimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 15. Izi zikufanana ndi XE imodzi. M'malo mwa mawu oti "mkate mkate" nthawi zina, tanthauzo la "chakudya chamoto" limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe ndi 10-12 g la chakudya chamafuta mosavuta.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chochepa cha zopatsa mphamvu. Zakudya izi zomwe ndi zabwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga zimaphatikizapo masamba ambiri. Potere, simungathe kuwerengera zigawo za mkate. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masikelo kapena Funsani tebulo lapadera.
Dziwani kuti kupanga makina owerengera kwapadera komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wowerengera bwino magawo a mkate pamene zinthu zifuna. Kutengera momwe thupi la munthu limakhalira ndi matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kudya zamafuta zimatha kusiyanasiyana.
Ngati chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo magalamu 300 a chakudya, ndiye kuti ndalamazo zimafanana ndi magawo 25 a mkate. Poyamba, si onse odwala matenda ashuga amene amatha kuwerengetsa XE. Koma mwakuchita mokhazikika, munthu kanthawi kochepa adzatha "ndi diso" kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magawo mu chinthu china.
Popita nthawi, miyezoyo imakhala yolondola momwe mungathere.
Kuwerengera magawo a mkate ndi muyeso wa insulin
Kuwerengera kwa magawo a mkate kuyenera kukhala tsiku ndi tsiku kuti chakudya choyenera chikaperekedwa. Popita nthawi, munthu amadzadziwiratu mbale za XE popanda kulemera isanakwane.
Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuyang'ana ndi galasi, kukula kwa chidacho kapena kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Pafupifupi malo onse azachipatala omwe amayang'ana kwambiri za matenda ashuga, pamakhala masukulu otchedwa a shuga. Amawafotokozera odwala matenda ashuga kuti XE ndi chiyani, amawerengera komanso momwe angapangire zakudya zawo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Magulu a mikate ya matenda ashuga ndi mutu wofunikira pokambirana koyambirira ndi opereka chithandizo chaumoyo. Ndikofunika kuti muzigawana zogawana zitatu zazikuluzikulu. Gawo limodzi kapena awiri amatha kusiyidwa kuti asungitse zakudya zina.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga wambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yayitali komanso mwachangu. Kuti mupewe hypoglycemia chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 1 kapena 1.5 XE.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudye zoposa 7 XE pachakudya chilichonse. Anthu onenepa omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kukonza zakudya zawo kuti pasapezeke mafuta okwana 120 g omwe amamwa tsiku limodzi.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati chizolowezi cha mkate cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 10, ndiye bwino kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lonse pogawa njira zingapo:
- chakudya cham'mawa - 2 XE,
- pa nkhomaliro - 1 XE,
- pa nkhomaliro - 3 XE,
- chakudya chamadzulo - 1 XE,
- chakudya chamadzulo - 3 XE.
Mungathenso kusiya 2 XE pachakudya chamadzulo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkate womaliza pa chakudya chachiwiri. Poti mawa ndikofunikira kudya chimanga, chimakamizidwa ndi thupi pang'onopang'ono, pomwe shuga sichikukula kwambiri.
Chigawo chilichonse cha mkate chimafunikira kuchuluka kwa insulini zikafika pa mtundu 1 wa shuga. 1 XE imatha kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi pafupifupi 2.77 mmol / L. Kuti mupeze ngongoleyi, muyenera kuyika insulin kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 4 unit.
Njira yapamwamba yotenga insulin tsiku limodzi imadziwika:
- M'mawa kulipirira gawo limodzi lomwe mudzafunika mu insulin,
- mu nkhomaliro wa gawo limodzi 1.5 IU ya insulin,
- pa chakudya chamadzulo, mumafunikira kuchuluka kwa XE ndi insulin.
Kuti mulipirire shuga komanso kuti shuga azikhala bwino, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kusintha kwamunthu wanu. Kuwonetsa miyezo ya shuga tsiku ndi tsiku ndi glucometer. Izi ziyenera kuchitika musanadye chakudya, kenako, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa XE, jekeseni insulini mu mlingo woyenera. Maola awiri mutatha kudya, shuga sayenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L.
Pankhani ya matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri, insulini siliyenera kutumikiridwa, ndikokwanira kumwa mapiritsi ndikutsatira zakudya.
Ndikofunikira kuti athe kuwerengera pawokha mwa XE.
Zomalizidwa zomaliza ndi magawo a mkate
Anthu onse omwe apezeka ndi matenda ashuga posachedwa amvetsetsa kufunikira kuwerengera magawo a mkate. Odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuphunzira kudziimira pawokha pakumanga kuchuluka kwa XE pazinthu zomalizidwa kuti apange bwino zakudya zawo.
Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kudziwa kuchuluka kwazomwe zimapangidwira komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu magalamu ake 100. Ngati kuchuluka kwamankhwala ophatikizika kwa chakudya kumagawidwa ndi 12, ndiye kuti mutha kudziwa bwino kuchuluka kwa XE mu magalamu 100. Mwachitsanzo, chinthu chomalizidwa chimalemera magalamu 300, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti phindu la XE liyenera kuwonjezeka katatu.
Mukapita ku malo ogulitsa zakudya, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti anthu ashuga asamavutike kuyenda mu XE, chifukwa maphikidwe enieni okonzera mbale ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito sizipezeka. Pazinthu zomalizidwa zomwe zimaperekedwa m'misika kapena m'malesitilanti, pakhoza kukhala zofunikira zambiri, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri lingaliro la odwala matenda ashuga za kuchuluka kwa XE.
Ndi matenda a shuga, kudya mkaka, chimanga ndi zipatso zotsekemera ziyenera kukhala zochepa. Komabe, zinthu ngati izi ndizofunikira zonse kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito gome la magawo a mkate, omwe amawonetsa nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwa XE mumtundu winawake.
Zinthu Zololedwa Kugulitsa Matenda A shuga
Maziko a chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku ayenera kukhala zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndimagawo ochepa a mkate.
Gawo lawo pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 60%.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amathanso kudyedwa:
- nyama yamafuta ochepa ndi nsomba zamkati,
- zukini
- mazira
- radishi
- radishi
- saladi
- amadyera
- mtedza woperewera,
- belu tsabola.
- nkhaka
- biringanya
- bowa
- Tomato
- madzi amchere.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe amadya mitundu yamafuta ochepa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya zakudya ndi nsomba zotere mpaka katatu pa sabata. Nsomba zimakhala ndi mafuta osakhala mafuta komanso mapuloteni, zinthu izi zimachepetsa mafuta m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, mutha kudziteteza ku chitukuko:
- matenda a mtima
- sitiroko
- thromboembolism.
Mukamapanga zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku, muyenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa shuga. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- kabichi
- chipatso cha mphesa
- Yerusalemu artichoke
- nettle
- adyo
- mbewu za fulakesi
- uta
- chicory
- chipukutira.
Zakudya za nyama zimakhala ndi mapuloteni komanso michere yofunika. Palibe magawo a mkate. Itha kudyeka mpaka 200 g patsiku zosiyanasiyana mbale. Ndikofunikira kuganizira zina zowonjezera pazakudya izi.
Zakudya zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic sizowononga thanzi, koma nthawi yomweyo zimadyetsa thupi ndi michere ndi mavitamini. Kulandila kwa zinthu zokhala ndi magawo ochepa a mkate kumakupatsani mwayi wopewa kudumphira mu glucose ndipo kumalepheretsa kuwoneka kwa zovuta za metabolic.
Mwachitsanzo XE Zakudya za Odwala Odwala
Zakudya zilizonse zili ndi chakudya cha 12-15, zomwe ndizofanana mkate.
XE imodzi imawonjezera shuga m'magazi ndi gawo linalake, lomwe ndi 2.8 mmol / L.
Pazowonetserazi, ma 2 PIERES a insulin yochotsedwa akufunika.
Menyu patsiku loyamba:
- chakudya cham'mawa: 260 ga kabichi watsopano ndi saladi wa karoti, kapu ya tiyi,
- pa nkhomaliro; msuzi wamasamba, zipatso zowuma zambiri,
- pa chakudya chamadzulo: nsomba zovekedwa, 250 ml yochepa mafuta kefir,
Tiyi, ma compotes ndi khofi amatengedwa popanda shuga.
Menyu patsiku lachiwiri:
- chakudya cham'mawa: 250 g ya karoti ndi saladi wa apulo, kapu ya khofi ndi mkaka,
- Chakudya chamasana: Borsch wopepuka ndi zipatso zambiri,
- chakudya chamadzulo: 260 g oatmeal ndi yoghurt unsweetened.
Menyu patsiku lachitatu:
- chakudya cham'mawa: 260 g ya phala lotiwisi ,galasi la mkaka wopanda mafuta.
- pa nkhomaliro: msuzi wa nsomba ndi 250 ml ya kefir wotsika mafuta,
- chakudya chamadzulo: saladi ndi apulo ndi kabichi, khofi.
Ichi ndi zitsanzo cha zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa ndi XE kuti mumvetsetse bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zinthu ngati izi kungathandize kuchepetsa katundu pamimba yamagaya ndikuchepetsa thupi.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse, zakudya zamasamba ndizoyenera. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amaperekedwa tsiku lililonse amaperekedwa kwa thupi. Kusowa kwa mapuloteni kumalipiriridwa mosavuta ndi zikuluzikulu zazikulu 8 za tchizi chokoleti.
Madokotala achenjeza kuti kufa ndi njala ndizowopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Zakudya zoperewera zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizidwala chifukwa chosowa chakudya. Zikakhala zoterezi, ndikosavuta kusintha misempha ya magazi.
Zakudya zabwino za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndizochepetsa:
- masamba abwino ndi zipatso zopanda zipatso,
- batala
- mafuta amitundu mitundu.
Onetsetsani kuti mwawunika momwe akumvera m'maganizo anu ndi momwe amagona.
Pomaliza
Ngati mutapangira zakudya za shuga moyenera, izi zimathandiza kupewa zovuta. Kuti mupeze kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa magawo a mkate, muyenera kukhala ndi cholembera chapadera.
Kutengera kwathunthu kwa chidziwitso, dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito insulin yayitali komanso insulin yochepa. Mlingo amasankhidwa payekha, kupatsidwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kuwerengera magawo a mkate akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
