Zomwe zili ndi shuga za mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuwonjezereka kumabweretsa kukula kwovuta kwambiri, ndipo matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia amakhumudwitsa kupitilira kwa matenda.
Malinga ndi chidziwitso chachipatala, shuga wamagazi amachokera ku magawo a 3,3 mpaka 5.5. Zachidziwikire, munthu wodwala matenda ashuga komanso wathanzi amakhala ndi zizindikiro zingapo za shuga, chifukwa chake, ndi matenda ashuga, kuyang'anira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira.
Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka, ndipo izi ndizabwinobwino. Chifukwa cha nthawi ya kapamba, kupanganso kwa insulin kumachitika, chifukwa chomwe glycemia imasinthidwa.
Kwa odwala, magwiridwe antchito a kapamba amawonongeka, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kosakwanira kwa insulin (DM 2) kumapezeka kapena mahomoni sanapangidwe konse (momwe zimachitikira DM 1).
Tiyeni tiwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a matenda ashuga 2? Momwe mungayikonzere pamlingo wofunikira, ndipo chingathandize bwanji kukhazikika pamilingo yoyenera?
Shuga Mellitus: Zizindikiro
Musanadziwe chomwe shuga imayenera kukhala mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, ndikofunikira kulingalira za matenda ake. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro zoyipa zikupita patsogolo kwambiri, zizindikiro zimawonjezeka kwenikweni mkati mwa masiku ochepa, zimadziwika ndi kuuma.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti wodwalayo samamvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika ndi thupi lake, chifukwa chomwe chithunzicho chikukulirakulira chikomokere cha matenda ashuga (kutaya chikumbumtima), wodwalayo amathera kuchipatala, komwe amapeza matendawo.
DM 1 imapezeka mwa ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata, gulu la odwala lofika zaka 30. Mawonekedwe ake azachipatala:
- Udzu wokhazikika. Wodwala amatha kumwa mpaka malita 5 amadzi patsiku, pomwe kumverera ludzu kulibe mphamvu.
- Fungo lochokera pamlomo wamkamwa (fungo la acetone).
- Kuchulukitsa chilimbikitso motsutsana ndi maziko a kunenepa.
- Kuwonjezeka kwamkodzo kwamkodzo patsiku kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso kukodza, makamaka usiku.
- Mabala samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Matenda a pakhungu, kupezeka kwa zithupsa.
Matendawa amtundu woyamba amadziwika patadutsa masiku 15-30 atadwala matenda (rubella, chimfine, ndi zina) kapena mkhalidwe wopsinjika kwambiri. Kuti achepetse shuga m'magazi motsutsana ndi matenda a endocrine, wodwalayo amalimbikitsidwa kupatsa insulin.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umayamba pang'onopang'ono pazaka ziwiri kapena kupitirira. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa odwala opitirira zaka 40. Munthu amakhala akumva kufooka komanso kusowa chidwi, mabala ake ndi ming'alu sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, mawonekedwe owoneka sawonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa kukumbukira kumapezeka.
Zizindikiro:
- Mavuto ndi khungu - kuyabwa, kuwotcha, mabala aliwonse samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Udzu wokhazikika - mpaka malita 5 patsiku.
- Kukoka pafupipafupi komanso kuphatikiza, kuphatikiza usiku.
- Mwa akazi, pali zotupa, zomwe ndizovuta kuchiza ndi mankhwala.
- Gawo lomaliza limadziwika ndi kuchepa thupi, pomwe zakudya zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi.
Ngati chithunzi chachipatala chafotokozedwacho chikuwonekera, kunyalanyaza zinthu kumayambitsa kukulira, chifukwa chomwe zovuta zambiri za matenda osachiritsika zikuwonekera kale.
Matenda kwambiri a glycemia amachititsa kuti azitha kuona mosavuta komanso asamakhale ndi vuto lililonse, matenda a mtima, kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kwa impso ndi zina.
Kodi kubwezera zam'madzi ndi chiyani?
Kupatula pakukhazikika kwa zovuta komanso zovuta, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kusinthitsa shuga m'magazi awo. Kodi shuga m'magazi 2 ndi mtundu wanji wa shuga, kodi odwala ali ndi chidwi?
Magulu a mayanjano othandizira odwala matenda ashuga akuwonetsa kuti ndizotheka kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kukulitsa chithunzi cha chipangizocho ngati glucose m'thupi atatha kudya amachokera ku magawo a 5.0 mpaka 7.2, maola awiri mutatha kudya mkati mwa 10 mmol / l, ndi hemoglobin ya glycated ndi 7% yokhazikika komanso yotsika.
Malingaliro omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa akuwonetsa kuti menyu wazakudya azikhala ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zotere zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin kukhale kofunikira kuti matenda a glycemia akhale osavuta.
Mokulira, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mahormoni kumachulukitsa zochitika za hypoglycemic state, zomwe zimakhala zovulaza kuposa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa glucose. Kutengera izi, titha kunena kuti m'malo azachipatala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amathandizidwa kwambiri kuti achepetse vuto la hypoglycemia, lomwe limadzala ndi zotsatira zosasintha komanso kufa.
Ngati chithandizo cha matenda a pathology chikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopatsa thanzi, pamene zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ochepa zimaphatikizidwa menyu, mulingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa umachepetsedwa.
Kuchepa kwa hypoglycemia kumachepetsedwa popanda kufunika kokhala ndi shuga. Thupi laumunthu, litaikidwa zotere, limayamba kugwira ntchito molunjika.
Kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, wodwalayo azidziwa zowerengera zomwe shuga amawerenga zimadalira ndi zakudya zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.
Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kukonzekera menyu anu, zolimbitsa thupi ndi jakisoni a mahomoni, omwe limodzi amakulolani kukhalabe ndi glucose pamlingo womwe mukufuna.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga: shuga wamagazi
Mwa amayi ndi abambo omwe alibe mavuto azaumoyo, kusinthasintha kwa shuga kumawonedwa m'magawo atatu 3.3-5,5. Monga lamulo, m'malo ambiri, glucose amayima pafupifupi 4.6 mmol / L.
Mukatha kudya, ngakhale mwa munthu wathanzi, ndendezo zimawonjezeka, zimatha kufikira magawo 8.0 kuphatikiza. Pambuyo maola ochulukirapo, amayamba kuchepa, ndikuyima pamtengo wabwino.
Mitengo ya shuga m'magazi kumbuyo kwa matenda "okoma" ali m'magulu a zigawo za 4.5-6,5. mutatha kudya. Zotsatira zoyipa zochepa nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa mfundo kuchokera ku 6.5 mpaka 7.5. Maola 2 mutatha kudya, mulingo uyenera kukhala wochepera magawo 8.0 - izi ndi zabwino, koma kuwonjezeka kwa 10 mmol / l ndikovomerezeka.
Zadziwika kuti ziwerengerozi zimatha kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta monga kusintha kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha m'magazi, matenda ashuga, neuropathy, nephropathy ndi ena.
Mulingo wololeza nthawi zonse umatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha, kutengera mtundu wa wodwala; sizimasiyana pakati pa azimayi ndi abambo.
Tisaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga a 2 kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndikakuyerekeza ndi ziwerengero za munthu wathanzi. Monga tanena kale, madokotala amawopa hypoglycemia, chifukwa chake amadya kwambiri.
Koma madokotala ambiri aku America ndi ku Israel amalimbikitsa kuti odwala onse azikhazikitsa zomwe zimawonedwa mwa munthu wathanzi. Pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha pothana ndi mavuto mtsogolo.
Mulingo wolembera azimayi ndi abambo kutengera zaka:
- Mwa achinyamata odwala matenda ashuga, gawo lomwe likufunikira ndi 6.5 pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso mpaka magawo 8.0. mutatha kudya.
- Gulu la odwala liyenera kukhala 7.0-7.5 pamimba yopanda kanthu mpaka 10 mmol / l mukatha kudya.
- Mwa akazi ndi amuna achikulire, mfundo zapamwamba ndizovomerezeka. Shuga 7.5-8.0 mmol / L musanadye - zokwanira, komanso mpaka magawo 11 mukatha kudya.
Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kuwongoleredwa ndi mtengo wa 5.1 mmol / L m'mawa, masana manambala sayenera kupitirira magawo 7.0. Ngati asinthasintha mkati mwa izi, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga a m'mimba sichitha.
Panthawi yakuwongolera matenda, kusiyana pakati pa glucose musanadye chakudya ndikofunikira. Moyenera, matalikidwe a oscillations siopitilira magawo atatu.
Kodi mungakwaniritse bwanji?
Chifukwa chake, titazindikira kuti shuga ayenera kukhala wa shuga yachiwiri, tikambirana njira ziti zomwe zingathandize kukwaniritsa cholingachi. Monga mukudziwa, glucose amawoneka ngati mtengo wosinthika, amatha kusintha mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi chakudya chomwe mumadya, zolimbitsa thupi, mkhalidwe wamavuto a wodwala ndi zina.
Kuti mumalize chipangizocho, mwakulankhula kwina, kukhazikika kwa glucose pamlingo wofunikira, muyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro onse a dokotala.
Choyamba, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zina. Popanda zoletsa zoyenera mu menyu, kukwaniritsa cholingacho sikungachitike.
Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, wodwalayo adayikidwa kuti akhazikitse insulin mu mlingo wina, womwe umalimbikitsidwa payekhapayekha. Tsoka ilo, iyi ndi njira yokhayo yosungira shuga wamagulu onse, kupewa kutentha kwake.
Mu DM 2, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zamankhwala zili motere:
- Zakudya zochepa za carb. Ndi kulemera kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu.
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Katundu wamasewera amatulutsa magazi mthupi, kumawonjezera chidwi cha minofu yofewa.
- Njira zolondola masana. Tiyenera kudya nthawi zonse, nthawi imodzi timagona ndi kudzuka m'mawa, etc.
Ndikofunikira kuti muwongolere shuga anu mthupi, ndipo osadalira momwe mukumvera, koma pazotsatira zoyesedwa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, odwala ambiri amakhala ndi ludzu komanso pakamwa zowawa ndi matenda ashuga, chifukwa chomwe sichingamve bwino.
Kuwongolera matenda a shuga kumafuna chisamaliro chamankhwala. Wodwalayo amayenera kupita ku endocrinologist kamodzi pamwezi, kukonzekera mkodzo wambiri ndi magazi. Kuyesedwa kwa hemoglobin wa glycated miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.
Glycemic Product Index
Mukamasankha zakudya pazakudya za "zotsekemera", munthu ayenera kulabadira chidziwitso cha glycemic - ichi ndi mtengo womwe umawonetsa kuchuluka kwazomwe mankhwala ena amasintha kutsukidwa kwa shuga.
Zakudya zomanga thupi zopezeka mu chakudya zimagawidwa mwachangu komanso pang'onopang'ono. Monosaccharides amalowetsedwa mwachangu, tsitsani kulumpha kwa glycemia. Zakudya zowonda pang'ono zimayamwa kwa nthawi yayitali, pang'onopang'ono zimapatsa thupi mphamvu.
Pa intaneti mutha kupeza mndandanda wazinthu zomwe mndandanda wawo wa glycemic watsimikizika. Zakudya za mndandanda wazitali zimakhala ndi zabwino zake. Komabe, ngakhale ali ndi izi, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikizidwe mumenyu, monga:
- Thupi limaperekedwa ndi chakudya kwa nthawi yochepa.
- Pali mwayi waukulu wolumpha mu glycemia.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi chifukwa cha kupangika kwama deposits amafuta kumapezeka.
Odwala amafunika kuphatikiza mu zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi sing'anga komanso yotsika kuti asatenge zovuta zomwe zingachitike pambuyo podyera. Kodi ndi glycemic index iti yomwe imawonedwa kuti ndi yotsika?
Chizindikiro chotsika kwambiri chimakhala mpaka mayunitsi 55, pafupifupi amasiyana magawo 56 mpaka 69, ndipo okwera kwambiri amayamba 70 kapena kupitirira. Kuti mupange menyu pawokha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito matebulo apadera osonyeza GI yokha, komanso zomwe zili ndi kalori.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa a endocrine system omwe ndi ovuta kuchiritsa ndipo amachititsa kuti zinthu zisinthe.
Kuti mudziteteze pazotsatira, muyenera kuganizira za zomwe GI imakonda komanso zomwe zili mkati mwa kalori.
Zakudya zochepa za carb
Kuti mupeze chithandizo choyenera, odwala ambiri amangofunika kusintha zakudya zawo. Mawuwa amagwira ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti anthu omwe adalowetsa insulin, kapena kumwa mapiritsi kuti asinthe kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, anapeza kuti kukonza zakudya kumachepetsa kwambiri gawo la mahomoni ndi mankhwala.
Pali malamulo ena omwe amalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala onse. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa zakudya zamagulu azangu menyu. Izi sizimangokhala ndi shuga wonenepa, komanso mbatata, pasitala, zomwe zimakhala ndi wowuma, yemwe nthawi yomweyo amasintha kukhala shuga ndikuwatsogolera ku hyperglycemia.
Ndikofunika kudya zakudya zazing'ono mpaka nthawi 5-6 patsiku - zakudya zitatu zathunthu, zazing'ono zingapo masana. Sizoletsedwa kufa ndi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso mtundu woyamba wa shuga, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti chithunzicho chiwonjezeke.
Malangizo kwa odwala matenda ashuga:
- Chepetsani chakudya chamafuta okwanira 20-30 magalamu patsiku. Izi zidzathetsa kulumpha kwa glucose ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito a ma cell a pancreatic beta.
- Kusiya tebulo ndikofunikira ndikumva njala yochepa. Sizoletsedwa kudya kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimabweretsa mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemic, ngakhale wodwalayo atangodya zakudya zovomerezeka.
- Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakuwongolera matenda kudzera m'matumbo a carb otsika zimapezeka pamene wodwalayo akonza ndandanda yazakudya kwa sabata, amatsatira.
Ndi zoletsedwa kotheratu kudya zipatso ndi uchi, chifukwa zimakhala ndi chakudya champhamvu kwambiri. Kukana zinthu izi nkovuta mokwanira, koma ndizotheka. Pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti ayambitsa kuwononga kwambiri shuga.
Kutsatira zakudya zoyenera, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za masewera. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapereka mphamvu ndi nyonga, kumalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwa glucose, kumapangitsa kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi.
Kuwongolera matenda a shuga sikungokhala kwakanthawi, koma moyo womwe ungafunike kutsatiridwa nthawi zonse. Glucose mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka ndi chitsimikizo cha moyo wautali popanda zovuta.
Zizindikiro ziti zamagulu am shuga a shuga ndizabwinobwino zomwe zingauze katswiri muvidiyoyi.
