Zimamveka zodabwitsa kwambiri, koma malinga ndi kafukufuku, ambiri sanamvepo za mbali ina ya thupi monga kapamba. Gawo lina la kuchuluka kwa mapulaneti athu, ndikadamva, ndi dzina lachiwalo, koma anthu sangayankhe kuti ndi chiwalo chiti komanso zomwe limayang'anira.
Kodi kapamba uyu ndi chiyani? Imapezeka pamimba pamimba ndipo, monga mungaganizire, ili pansi pamimba. Kasitomala ndiye chothandizira chachikulu pamimba pakugaya, chifukwa chimapanga michere yomwe imaphwanya mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya.
Chiwalochi chimayamba kupezeka molawirira kwambiri, pakadali milungu isanu mpaka 5 ya fetal yomwe ikukula m'mimba.
Pambuyo pobadwa, kukula kwake ndi masentimita 5 m'litali. Amamaliza kupanga zaka za 16, ndipo mwa munthu wamkulu ali ndi magawo otsatirawa:
- Kutalika - 15 - 20 sentimita.
- Kukula - zosaposa masentimita 4.
- Kulemera - 60 - 80 magalamu.
Ngati pali zopatuka kuzinthu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa, ndiye izi.
Gawo lalikulu kwambiri la kapamba ndi mutu, magawo ake ndi:
- Kutalika: oposa masentimita 5.
- Kukula: mpaka masentimita atatu.
Ngati pali zopatuka kuzinthu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa, ndiye izi.
Thupi ndilo gawo lotalika kwambiri la chiwalo, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita awiri, ndipo mchira umatseka kapamba wamtali mpaka masentimita 3.5.
Tasanthula m'madipatimenti a kapamba, zimawonekeratu kuti ili ndi mtundu wovuta kupanga ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma enzyme. Chikhansa ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'thupi. Monga tanena kale, mbali zake zakunja ndi: mutu, thupi ndi mchira.
M'matumbo a gland mumakhala:
- main bile duct;
- sphincter wa Oddi;
- mawonekedwe owonjezera a Santorini;
- wamba bile duct.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake:
- zilumba za Langerhans;
- ziphuphu zakumaso.
Pa ma cellular, magulu otsatirawa a maselo a pancreatic amasiyanitsidwa:
- Ma cell a Alpha omwe amapanga insulin.
- Maselo a Beta opanga glucagon.
- Maselo a Delta akupanga somatostatin.
- D1- Amapanga kutulutsa VIP.
- Maselo a PP opanga pancreatic polypeptide.
Popeza chiwalochi chimakhala chokwanira mkatikati mwa thupi, kupezeka kwake ndikuwonetsetsa nthawi yambiri, ndipo zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwone momwe thupi liliri, ngati pali zopatuka, mayeso wamba amaperekedwa.
Kodi chimayambitsa kupweteka kwa kapamba ndi chiyani?
Pali matenda ambiri omwe amayambitsa thupi la munthu, omwe ali ndi matenda a kapamba. Ngati pali kupweteka kosalekeza kumbali yakumanja - ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti chofufumimba chikugwira ntchito ndi kuphwanya malamulo.
Zovuta zachilengedwe, kusowa bwino kwa chakudya, kupezeka kwa utoto wosiyanasiyana mu confectionery ndi zakumwa kumayipa kwambiri mthupi, koma chiwindi ndi kapamba zimayamba koyamba.
Zonsezi pamwambapa zimabweretsa zovuta, mpaka kapamba. Ziwalo zaumunthu zimakhala ndi malire komanso zimapangitsa kudzichiritsa nokha, ngati simumakulitsa vutolo, zonse zitha popanda kuchitira kapena kutulutsa kofatsa m'matupi.
Zinthu zonse zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale matenda a kapamba amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:
- zapakhomo;
- kunja.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pancreatic ndi:
- Kuchuluka kwamafuta m'magazi.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa pancreatic juisi kupanga.
- Kusuta fodya komanso uchidakwa.
- Matenda a kachilombo komanso kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa kapamba, kumayambitsa chisokonezo pakugwira ntchito kwake.
- Kutupa kwa ndulu, momwe mapangidwe amiyala amapezekera, omwe angatsekere kutsekemera kwakukulu, ndikupanga kuphwanya kwa ntchito yake.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena omwe amachititsa kuti chimbudzi chikhale ndi mphamvu, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwira bwino ntchito.
Mosasamala za etiology, matendawa amawonekera ndi kupweteka mu hypochondrium.
Kukula kwa matenda a kapamba kumabweretsa zovuta m'mimba.
Mitundu yayikulu yamatenda
M'matenda ambiri omwe amapha kapamba, zazikulu zimatha kusiyanitsidwa.
Ngati njira ya kaphatikizidwe wa kapamba wamadzimadzi ndiokhazikika, koma kutulutsa kwake mu duodenum kumadzaza, kudzimbidwa kwa kapamba kumayamba - uku ndi kupweteka kwamatenda.
Gland parenchyma imayatsidwa ndikuyambitsa kupanikizika. Matendawa amakula msanga, omwe amayenda ndi ululu waukulu. Nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mowa kapena zakudya zamafuta, kupezeka kwa miyala mu chikhodzodzo.
Kuphatikiza pa pancreatitis yachilendo, pakhoza kukhala ndi matenda, omwe amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:
- ndi kumwa mopitirira muyeso, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yayitali komwe kumakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa gland, zakudya zosayenera, zovuta za metabolic, kapamba yayikulu ingachitike;
- yachiwiri kapamba imatha kukhala zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda ena;
- post-traumatic pancreatitis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chovulala kapena njira za endoscopic.
Kaya ndi mtundu wa pancreatopathy, chiwonetsero chake chachikulu ndi chimodzi - kusakwanira kwa procrine gland secretion ya michere yomwe imagaya chakudya. Anazindikira kuti ali m'chipatala ndipo ali ndi chosinira ndi ma scan.
Zotsatira za thupi chifukwa cha nthendayi ndizowopsa - kuphwanya kachitidwe ka thupi lonse, makamaka ma endocrine ndi machitidwe am'mimba.
Mtundu wotsatira wa matenda ukhoza kukhala wobadwa nawo kapena wotengedwa - chotupa cha kapamba. Chifukwa cha kuvulala, pachimake komanso chifuwa cham'mimba, chotupa chotchedwa "chotengera" chitha kuonekera. Ma neoplasms omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha matenda a echinococcal - cysts parasitic amaima patokha. Zilonda zitha kudwala chifukwa cholumikizana ndi nyama zodwala kapena kumwa madzi akuda. Ma tumor mu kapamba ali ndi mawonekedwe awiri - wogwira ntchito mwamphamvu komanso osagwira ntchito.
Zotupa zotupa
- glucomanoma;
- insulinoma;
- gastrinoma.
Hystinoma ndi chotupa chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba za jejunum polimbikitsa kupanga kwa hydrochloric acid.
Insulinoma ndi chotupa cha pancreatic β-cell chomwe chimayambitsa secretion ya insulin.
Glucoganoma ndi chotupa cha ma α-cell, owonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a dermatitis, kuchepa magazi ndi matenda ashuga.
Amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto mwachangu, popanda zovuta zilizonse, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo achitatu, omwe amapezeka komanso amapezeka ndi matenda ophatikizana.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa chotupa uli ndi dzina limodzi lokha - iyi ndi khansa ya kapamba. Ngati chotupa chiwoneka m'mutu, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri chimakhala limodzi ndi jaundice. Nthawi zina, kupweteka kwa epigastric, kuchepa thupi, kukhumudwa m'mimba ndikotheka.
Mitundu yonse yamatumbo, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wawo, amathandizidwa ndikuchotsa thupi kudzera pakuchita maopaleshoni.
Chithandizo cha Matenda a Pancreatic
Ngati pali vuto la pancreatitis yovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kukana chakudya masiku angapo: kusowa kwa chakudya kumachepetsa kupanga juwisi, kumasula katundu ku gland.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chisangalalo chisanayambike matenda amachepa kapena kutha konse. Pamasiku oterowo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timwe madzi ndi soda osungunuka mkati mwake ndi decoction ya rose m'chiuno.
Ngati pali ululu m'mimba, kusanza kwambiri, kapena kupweteka kosatha komwe sikumapita nthawi yayitali, ndiye muyenera kufunsa dokotala - izi ndi zotheka zizindikiro za matenda monga appendicitis, zilonda kapena kutsekeka kwa duodenum.
Mu chilonda chachikulu cha pancreatitis, kulandira chithandizo kuchipatala ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri ndikofunikira. Njira zotsatirazi zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Wotsitsa pofuna kupewa kusowa kwamadzi m'thupi.
- Zopweteka.
- Amatanthawuza kuti amatithandizanso kupanga michere.
Pakumayambiriro kwa mankhwalawa, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, kenako amapatsidwa mapiritsi.
Mankhwala otchuka komanso ogwira mtima ndi awa:
- Baralgin;
- Ayi-Shpa;
- Papaverine;
- Drotaverine;
- Acetaminophen;
- Ibuprofen.
Pafupipafupi, Aspirin ndi Paracetamol amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza. Pangakhale zosankha pamene Diphenhydramine, Atropine, kapena Platifillin adalembedwa.
Ngati wodwala akumva kupweteka kwambiri komanso kuyimitsidwa ndi ma gels amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kuletsa kupanga kwa hydrochloric acid. Ena mwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Kontraluk, Ocid, Omeprazole. Pochiza kuchipatala, mankhwala ena amathandizidwa:
- Ranitidine;
- Famotidine;
- Acididex;
- Pepsidin, etc.
Kuti muchepetse kupanga kwa pancreatic enzyme, Aprotinin ndi Contrical angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Vutoli litadutsa, wodwalayo amafunika chithandizo cha enzyme, chomwe chimachitika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala monga Pancreatin, Mezim, Creon.
Popeza zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mapuloteni a nkhumba, pali zolakwika zina za anthu omwe amakonda kupundana. Mwachitsanzo, mu ana, kuyamwa kwa mankhwalawa kungayambitse matumbo.
Pofuna kupewa kupezeka ndi zovuta komanso zovuta, kufananizira kwa mankhwalawa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito - Unienzyme, Somilase, Pepphys.
Malangizo azithandizo
Mankhwala a enzymatic amatengedwa mutatha kudya, mlingo ungathe kutumizidwa ndi adokotala okha, aliyense payekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina moyo wonse.
M'madera ovuta kwambiri, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zotupa zam'mimba, mawonekedwe a neoplasm mu mawonekedwe a cyst, kapena cholelithiasis, kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira. Izi ndizosafunika kwambiri, chifukwa zikondamoyo ndizovuta kumva, koma pali nthawi zina pomwe mungapulumutse moyo wa wodwalayo pokhapokha ngati mukuchotsa ndulu kapena gawo la chiberekero palokha.
Pofuna kukonzanso mukadwala komanso munthawi ya chithandizo, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zoyenera. Nthawi zambiri, njira yabwino yachipatala imasankhidwa ndikunyalanyaza zakudya. M'pofunika kuti mukangane pakati pa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimatengedwa ndikuwunika zopatsa mphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito patsiku. Ma calorie omwe amadyedwa sayenera kupitilira omwe amwedwa. Chisankho cholondola ndikusinthanitsa ndi zakudya, ndizoletsedwa kudya kwambiri.
Zakudya monga soseji, ma pickles, nyama yolocha, zofunafuna ziyenera kuiwalika kwamuyaya. Ice cream, makeke, tiyi wamphamvu komanso khofi, mowa uliwonse ndi zonunkhira ndizoletsedwa.
Zovomerezeka ndizophatikiza mbale zam'madzi - cod, pike, bream ndi pike perch, omelets, nkhuku, kalulu, Turkey. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya ziyenera kutumizidwa ndi adokotala.
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe kake kofotokozedwera kanema mu nkhaniyi.
