Lipids ndizochepa mafuta olemera omwe samasungunuka m'madzi. Pokhala gawo la mahomoni ambiri ndikuchita ntchito zofunika, amapezeka m'magazi a anthu momwe amapangira lipoprotein.
Zinthu zoterezi ndizofanana ndi mapuloteni, mwa iwo okha osakhala owopsa, koma okhala ndi vuto la lipid metabolism komanso mawonekedwe a hyperlipidemia, chiopsezo chotenga matenda akulu kwambiri monga atherosulinosis imachulukirachulukira.
Mitundu itatu ya lipids imatsanulidwa - cholesterol, triglycerides ndi phospholipids, zimasiyana pakapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kazinthu. Ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi la chamoyo chilichonse, mawonekedwe a ma gallstones, kusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, ma atherosranceotic amana mu malo amodzi amawonedwa. Izi zimathandizanso kupanga mapangidwe magazi, mitsempha yolumikizidwa, ndipo pamapeto pake kuukira kwa mtima ndi sitiroko.
Kuti muzindikire matendawa munthawi yake, ndikofunikira kuchita pafupipafupi mayeso a labotale. Mlingo wabwinobwino wa cholesterol mwa munthu wathanzi ndi 4-6,5 mmol / l, koma ngati chizindikirochi chikufika pa 7.5 kapena kupitilira apo, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse gawo lokwera mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zapadera komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Cholesterol imakhala ngati lipid yayikulu; imaphatikizanso lipoprotein yotsika, lipoproteins yapamwamba komanso triglycerides. LDL imatengedwa kuti ndi cholesterol yoyipa, ndiye chinthu ichi chomwe chimatsogolera kuchulukana kwamafuta m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi, kuchepa kwa mitsempha ndi chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.
HDL ndi lipids zabwino, zimalepheretsa mapangidwe a cholesterol, kusintha kagayidwe kake ndikuwongolera momwe munthu alili. Triglycerides imawonjezeranso mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtima.
Ndi lipids wambiri m'magazi, zinthu zamafuta zimatsatira mosalala komanso mawonekedwe a mitsempha. Zomwe zimapangidwira izi zimaphatikizapo mafuta a cholesterol, calcium ndi minofu yamafuta. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa kuchuluka kwake, amachepetsa kuyatsidwa kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndikuletsa magazi. Izi zimayambitsa:
- matenda a mtima
- myocardial infaration
- kusokoneza atherosclerosis a ziwiya zam'munsi,
- aortic aneurysm,
- isentia isentia,
- kusokonekera kwa ubongo.
Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za kuwunikaku zikuwonetsa ziwerengero zochulukirapo ngati kuwunika kunachitika popanda kutsatira malamulowo. Chifukwa chake, adokotala atha kulimbikitsa kuyesanso kwachiwiri kwa magazi. Palinso zifukwa zoyambirira komanso zachiwiri za kukula kwa zopatuka kuchoka pazomwe zimachitika.
Ma lipoprotein okwera amatha kupezeka m'njira zingapo.
- Ndi hyperchilomicronemia, kokha ma triglycerides omwe amawonjezereka. Wodwalayo amatha kumva ululu wam'mimba m'mimba, mawonekedwe amtundu wakhungu kapena khungu la chikasu amawonekera pakhungu. Matenda amtunduwu samayambitsa atherosulinosis.
- Ngati dokotala azindikira a hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia, izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa beta-lipoprotein m'magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumawonjezereka, ndipo triglycerides nthawi zambiri amakhala abwinobwino. Xanthomas imatha kupezeka pakhungu. Fomuyi nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis ndi myocardial infarction, ngakhale kwa achinyamata.
- Pankhani ya hypercholesterolemia ya mabanja ndi hyperlipemia, kuchuluka kwa triglycerides ndi cholesterol kumadutsa kwambiri. Wodwala ali ndi xanthomas yayikulu, yomwe imayamba kupanga azaka 25. Pali chiopsezo chodzikundikira ndi malo a atherosselotic.
- Pa anthu odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lochulukirapo, hyper-pre-beta-lipoproteinemia imatha kupezeka. Pathology imawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa triglycerides, pomwe cholesterol ndiyachilendo.
Matenda a atherosclerosis nthawi zambiri amakula chifukwa chosuta, kusala komanso kusachita bwino, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a shuga, matenda a impso, kutsika kwa chithokomiro, cholesterol yayikulu magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso cholocha cholowa.
Komanso, hyperlipidemia imawonedwa mu ukalamba mwa anthu opitilira zaka 60, pamaso pathupi.Ayokha, kuphwanya koyambirira sikuwonekera, amazindikira matenda omwe amapezeka m'magulu azachipatala.
Chifukwa cha izi, kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi lipid kwa cholesterol kumaperekedwa.
Matenda a hyperlipidemia
Kuti awone kuchuluka kwathunthu kwamafuta m'thupi, adotolo amafotokozera mawonekedwe a lipid mbiri kapena kuwunika kwa mawonekedwe a cholesterol. Kupenda kwachilengedwe kwamayesedwe amwazi wamagazi kumawerengera cholesterol, triglycerides, okwera, otsika kwambiri komanso ochepa otsika lipoproteins, komanso kuchuluka kwa atherogenicity.
Diagnosis, monga lamulo, imayikidwa ngati pali chiopsezo chotenga matenda a atherosclerosis mukasuta fodya, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, matenda a mtima, matenda amitsempha yamagazi, matenda a shuga, komanso cholowa.
Kuphatikiza mafuta kagayidwe kamaphunziridwa ngati pali matenda a mtima kapena wodwalayo adakumana ndi vuto la mtima. Popeza cholesterol ndi lipid, mkhalidwe wake umapezekanso ndi matenda amitsempha a muubongo.
- Mosasamala kanthu za kukhalapo kwa ma pathologies ang'onoang'ono, mbiri ya lipid imaphunziridwa mwa anthu onse azaka zopitilira 45 ndi cholinga chopewa kamodzi pachaka.
- Ngati kuphwanya kumadziwika, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumayikidwa.
- Anthu athanzi ndi ana amayesa zaka zisanu zilizonse. Izi zimalola kuwunikira panthawi yake zosintha zosafunikira ndikuchita zofunika.
- Pa mankhwala a atherosulinosis, lipid sipekitiramu imayesedwa miyezi itatu iliyonse. Ngati pali zoyenera kuchita, kusanthula kumachitika kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Musanapite ku chipatala, kukonzekera kovuta sikofunikira. Kuzindikira mawonekedwe a lipid kumachitika m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kwa maola 8-12, muyenera kukana kudya zakudya, madzi a tebulo okha osakhala ndi kaboni omwe amaloledwa kumwa.
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, usiku wodwalayo azidya mwachizolowezi, osatsatira zakudya zinazake. Mphindi 30 musanayambe phunziroli, osasuta fodya, inunso muyenera kusiya zakumwa zoledzeretsa patsiku. Kusanthula magazi kumachitika modekha, chifukwa pamenepa wodwalayo amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala kwa mphindi khumi asanapite ku ofesi ya dokotala.
Zachilengedwe phunziroli zimatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha mu 10 ml, pambuyo pake magaziwo amawatumiza kwa othandizira ogwira ntchito. Zotsatira zoyesedwa zitha kupezeka tsiku lotsatira.
Chithandizo cha milingo yambiri ya lipid
Dotolo amasankha njira yodwala yodalira mtundu wa wodwalayo, kupezeka kwa ma pathologies ang'onoang'ono komanso momwe wodwalayo alili. Choyamba, njira zimatengedwa kuti muchepetse cholesterol yoyipa. Kuti muchite izi, pali njira yosavuta - kusintha moyo wanu ndikusinthanso zakudya zanu.
Ndikwabwino kusinthira kuchakudya chamankhwala chapadera popanda zakudya zamafuta, kusiya kusuta ndi mowa, pitani m'masewera. Ndikofunikanso kuteteza kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo matenda ashuga amafunika kutsitsa shuga. Zambiri pazabwino zamakomedwe azakudya ndi njira zowongolera zomwe zimapezeka zimatha kupezeka mu maphunziro apadera.
Ngati izi sizingachepetse zizindikiro za lipids zovulaza, kuphatikiza apo pali cholowa chamtundu wa atherosulinosis ndi matenda a mtima, mankhwala ndi omwe amalembedwa.
Therapy ikuchitika ntchito:
- Ma Statist omwe amayimitsa kapangidwe ka cholesterol m'magazi;
- Mankhwala omangira asidi;
- Fizates;
- Nicotinic acid, i.e. vitamini B5.
Kuteteza kagayidwe ka lipid, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa cholesterol womvetsetseka kudzera pazogulitsa sungakhale wopitilira 200 mg.
CHIKWANGWANI, chomwe chimapezeka mu oats, nandolo, nyemba, masamba, zipatso ndi zitsamba, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. Komanso tsiku lililonse muyenera kudya mafuta a masamba, mtedza, mpunga, chimanga, chifukwa zimakhala ndi zinthu zothandiza monga sterol ndi stanol.
Salmon, nsomba, mackerel, nyama ya sardine ndizambiri zamafuta a omega-3, omwe amatsitsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'magazi, chifukwa chake mitundu iyi ya nsomba imaphatikizidwa nthawi zonse mumakonzedwe a wodwala.
Zambiri pa cholesterol zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
