Pakadali pano, matenda a mtima ndi mtima, makamaka atherosulinosis, omwe amachititsa zovuta zambiri, ndi ambiquitous. Madokotala amadziwa zonse zokhudza cholesterol.
Komabe, anthu ambiri sakudziwa chifukwa chake akupangidwira, momwe angapewerere chitukuko chake komanso "cholesterol" yodabwitsa bwanji.
Chifukwa chake, cholesterol ndi chinthu chopangidwa m'maselo a chiwindi otchedwa hepatocytes. Ndi gawo la phospholipids, lomwe limapanga membrane wa plasma wama cell minofu. Imalowa mthupi la munthu limodzi ndi zopangidwa ndi nyama, koma izi zimapanga 20% yokha yonse - zotsalazo zimapangidwa ndi thupi lokha. Cholesterol amatanthauza subtype ya lipids - lipophilic alcohols - chifukwa chake, asayansi akunena za cholesterol monga "cholesterol." Mu Chirasha, matchulidwe onsewa ndi olondola.
Cholesterol ndiye poyambira zinthu zambiri zamitundu mitundu. Vitamini D imapangidwa kuchokera kwa iyo ndipo kuwala kwa ultraviolet pakhungu.3. Ma mahomoni ogonana - amuna ndi akazi - amapangidwa mu kotekisi ya ma adrenal glands, ndipo amaphatikiza ndi nthenda yotentha, ndi ma asidi a bile - opangidwa ndi hepatocytes - amaphatikizana ndi cholesterol yotengera cholanic acid yamagulu a hydroxyl.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mowa wa lipophilic mu membrane wa khungu, katundu wake amadalira mwachindunji. Ngati ndi kotheka, kukhazikika kwa nembanemba kumasinthidwa mbali ina, kupatsanso madzi ena mosasintha. Katundu yemweyo amateteza maselo ofiira amwazi kuti asalowe m'matumbo a hemolytic.
M'maselo amunthu, pali jini yomwe imatha kuwongolera cholesterol ndikuwongolera kukula kwa shuga.
Kusintha kwa jini la APOE kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga, koma kuchita zinthu zina limodzi ndi cholesterol kumachepetsa mwayi wamatenda oyamba.
Mitundu ya ma lipophilic alcohols
Popeza ma cholesterol ndi ma hydrophobic mankhwala, samasungunuka m'madzi, motero sangathe kuzungulira magazi ake okha.
Kuti muchite izi, zimagwirizana ndi mamolekyulu ena otchedwa alipoproteins.
Cholesterol chikaphatikizika kwa iwo, chinthucho chimatchedwa lipoprotein.
Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe imatha kuyendetsa magazi kulowa m'magazi popanda kuopsa kwa kutsekeka kwamafuta kwa duct yotchedwa embolism.
Ma prootein operekera njira zosiyanasiyana amamangirira cholesterol, kulemera ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya madzi sungunuka. Kutengera izi, malinga ndi asayansi ndi madokotala za cholesterol, amagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri - pakati pa anthu amatchedwanso "cholesterol yabwino", yomwe idatchedwa chifukwa cha anti-atherogenic katundu wake. Zatsimikizika kuti amalanda cholesterol owonjezera kuchokera m'maselo ndikupereka chiwindi kuti aphatikizidwe ndi bile acids, komanso kwa gren adrenal, testes ndi thumba losunga mazira kuti apatse mahomoni ogonana mokwanira. Koma izi zimachitika pokhapokha ndi kuchuluka kwa HDL, komwe kumatheka mwa kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi (masamba, zipatso, nyama yopanda mphamvu, chimanga, ndi zina zambiri) komanso kupsinjika mokwanira. Komanso, zinthuzi zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant, ndiye kuti, zimamangirira ma radicals omasuka mu khoma lowonongeka la cell ndikuziteteza kuti zisakhudzidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a oxidation;
- Ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri amakhala ophatikizidwa m'chiwindi kuchokera ku mankhwala amkati. Pambuyo pa hydrolysis yawo, glycerol imapangidwa - imodzi mwazinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwidwa ndi minofu minofu. Kenako amatembenuka kukhala ma lipoproteins apakati;
- Ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri - ndiye chinthu chomaliza mwa kutembenuka kwa LPP. Zolemba zawo zapamwamba zimakwiyitsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis, motero dzina "cholesterol yoyipa" ndilovomerezeka;
Kuphatikiza apo, ma chylomicrons, omwe ndiopambana kwambiri pazigawo zonse, amadziwika kuti ndi cholesterol. Amapangidwa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo, ma chylomicrons sangathenso kulowa ma capillaries, chifukwa chake amakakamizidwa kulowa ma lymph node kenako kulowa m'chiwindi ndi magazi.
Zowongolera Zowopsa
Ma lipoprotein onse ayenera kukhala okhazikika bwino pakupanga ziwalo ndi machitidwe, kupatula ma pathologies onse ndi zilema.
Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu mwa munthu wathanzi kuyenera kusiyana kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 5 mmol / L. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yamatenda aliwonse osachiritsika, manambalawa amachepetsedwa mpaka 3-4 mmol / L. chidutswa chilichonse chili ndi kuchuluka kwake. Posachedwa za cholesterol akuti, mwachitsanzo, "lipids zabwino" ayenera kukhala wachisanu.
Koma chifukwa chokana kutsatira moyo wathanzi (moyo wathanzi) komanso kuchuluka kwa zizolowezi zoipa, izi ndizosowa kwambiri mwa achikulire.
Dzikoli lamasiku ano ladzaza ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha hypercholesterolemia.
Izi ndi izi:
- Matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Zinthu ziwiri izi ndizolumikizana ndipo zimayenderana nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chakuti kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa chiwopsezo cha kapamba, izi zimabweretsa vuto m'maselo opanga insulin komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ndipo shuga amayenda momasuka m'mitsempha yamagazi amawononga makoma amitsempha yamagazi, amayambitsa microtraumas ndikuwonjezereka kwa zotupa zomwe, titero, "zimakopa" lipids. Chifukwa chake zolembera za atherosulinotic zimayamba kupanga;
- Kusuta - phula lomwe lili mu ndudu, ndi utsi umagwera m'mapapu, kapena m'malo magawo awo antchito - alveoli. Chifukwa cha mtima wakazunguliridwa wozungulira owazungulira, zinthu zonse zoyipa zimadutsa mofulumira m'magazi, pomwe zimakhazikika pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimayambitsa kukwiya kwa nembanemba ndikuwoneka yaying'ono, kenako makina otukuka ndi omwewo ndi matenda a shuga - lipoproteins amayandikira malo osalongosoka ndikudziunjikira, kufinya lumen;
- Zakudya zopanda thanzi - kudya kwambiri zakudya zomwe zidachokera ku nyama, monga nyama yamafuta (nkhumba, mwanawankhosa) ndi mazira, zimabweretsa kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri ndipo zimayambitsa matenda am'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa kunenepa kwambiri kumakhudza moyo, kufooka kwakanthawi, kupuma movutikira, kupweteka kwapawiri, matenda oopsa;
- Hypodynamia - imagwira ntchito molumikizana ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, ndikupanga kunenepa kwambiri. Ngakhale, kuti muchepetse chitukuko cha chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis ndi 15%, muyenera kuchita masewera okha theka la ola, ndipo izi sizanenedwanso;
China chowonjezera chomwe chikuchititsa kukula kwa hypercholesterolemia ndi matenda oopsa - ndi kuchuluka kwa mavuto, katundu pamakoma a zombo amawonjezeka, chifukwa amayamba kuchepera mphamvu.
Ngozi mkati mwa thupi
Komabe, sikuti zinthu zachilengedwe zokha zimakhudza chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.
Mutha kuzisintha, pang'ono mwamphamvu ndi chikhumbo.
Pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayikidwa mu ma cell ndi ziwalo, ndipo sizingasinthidwe ndi munthu:
- Khalidweli. Ngati matenda amtima amachitika pafupipafupi m’banja limodzi, muyenera kufunsa katswiri wa majini ndi kuwunikira kuti mupeze majini omwe ali ndi chizolowezi cha hypercholesterolemia APOE, chomwe chimatha kufalikira ku mibadwo. Zochita pabanja pazakudya ndi masewera zimakhalanso ndimasewera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhazikitsidwa kuyambira paukhanda - zimapangitsa zotsatira zamtundu;
- Zaka zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Munthu akafika zaka makumi anayi, njira zakuchira zimayamba kuchepa, minyewa ya thupi imayamba kuchepa, chitetezo chochepa chimachepa, zolimbitsa thupi zimakhala zovuta. Zonsezi movutikira zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a coronary;
- Okwatirana: Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti amuna amadwala matenda kangapo. Izi ndichifukwa choti azimayi amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kuyesera kusunga kukongola ndi thanzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo abambo samatenga udindo chifukwa chathanzi lawo, amamwa mowa wambiri ndikuwotcha paketi ya ndudu patsiku.
Koma chenicheni chakuti zinthu izi zimatchedwa zosasambulika (ndiye kuti, sizimasinthika) sizitanthauza konse kuti matendawa akuwonekera.
Ngati mumadya moyenera, kudya wathanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera mphindi makumi atatu tsiku lililonse ndipo kumayesedwa ndi dokotala, ndiye kuti mutha kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa zonse zimadalira chikhumbo.
Choonadi ndi zabodza zokhudzana ndi cholesterol ndi ma statins
Pali malingaliro ambiri okhudza cholesterol ndi atherosulinosis. Koma ndi ziti mwazabwino izi zomwe sizodalirika?
Ndemanga 1 - kutsitsa cholesterol, ndibwino. Izi ndi zowona. Cholesterol ndi "zomangamanga" zofunikira, kutenga nawo gawo paz kapangidwe ka mahomoni, mavitamini ndi ma asidi a bile. Ndi kuchepa kwake, zovuta zamakhosi zimatha kukhazikika, zomwe pambuyo pake zidzafunika kuwongoleredwa. Uku ndikuphwanya ntchito yogonana chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mahomoni, ndi ma protein kwa ana omwe ali ndi Vitamini D pang'ono, komanso magazi m'thupi, chifukwa cholesterol ndi gawo limodzi la maselo ofiira am'magazi. Makamaka owopsa ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi vuto loyipa la chiwindi - chifukwa ndi kusowa kwa lipids, kaphatikizidwe ka bile acid kamasokonekera, kusokonezeka kwa maselo kumachitika ndipo zolakwika zimachitika. Komanso cholesterol yotsika imatha kuwonetsa matenda ena, monga hyperthyroidism, kulephera kwamtima, chifuwa chachikulu, sepsis, matenda opatsirana komanso khansa. Ngati munthu ali ndi cholesterol yotsika, muyenera kufunsa dokotala;
Malingaliro 2 - ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito nyama, ndiye kuti cholesterol siyalowa m'thupi. Izi ndizoyenera. Ndizowona kuti ngati simukudya nyama ndi mazira, ndiye kuti cholesterol sichidzachokera kunja. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana mu chiwindi, kotero osachepera nthawi zonse azikhala okhazikika;
Maonero 3 - onse a lipoprotein amatenga gawo loipa ndipo sayenera kukhala mthupi. Malingaliro a asayansi ali motere: pali otchedwa anti-atherogenic lipids - amalepheretsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis posamutsa cholesterol ku chiwindi kuti kapangidwe kazinthu zatsopano kuchokera pamenepo;
Malingaliro 4 - cholesterol siyimayambitsa atherosulinosis. Zolemba zambiri zalembedwa pankhaniyi. Izi ndizolondola pang'ono, chifukwa atherosulinosis imayambitsa zinthu zingapo - kuchokera kuzikhalidwe zoyipa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya, kupita ku matenda oopsa monga shuga mellitus, omwe amawononga mitsempha yamagazi. Cholesterol palokha imakhala yopindulitsa thupi, koma pokhapokha polekezera pazoyenera komanso zofunikira;
Malingaliro 5 - pakhoza kukhala cholesterol m'mafuta a masamba, ndiye muyenera kuukana. Izi sizowona. Inde, palibe mafuta m'thupi la masamba omwe amapangidwa m'maselo a nyama zokha. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yotsatsa yakutsatsa mafuta opanda mafuta popanda cholesterol sichinthu china chongopangitsa kugula, chifukwa sichingakhale chomangira;
Malingaliro 6 - zakudya zotsekemera zilibe cholesterol, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a coronary ndi chochepa. Zowonadi, palibe ma lipophilic alcohols m'maswiti, koma omaliza ambiri ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga, omwe ali oopsa pakupanga matenda a atherosulinosis.
Ndikofunika kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu pankhani yazakudya zabwino komanso kukonza njira. Kudzipaka nokha sikofunika, chifukwa ma statins omwe amachepetsa cholesterol yambiri pamiyeso yambiri amatha kukhala owopsa thanzi. Izi zakhala zikupezeka kwa nthawi yayitali madokotala aku America.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za cholesterol zakambidwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
