Matenda a mitsempha ya mtima: ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungachitire?

Chigawo chofunikira cha magazi Iwo, amachepetsa, amasamutsa magazi kuzinthu zonse za thupi, kuwakwaniritsa ndi mpweya. Amaperekanso kubwezeretsa kwa magazi a venous kuti asinthiridwenso ndi zinthu zofunikira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mkhalidwe wa thanzi la mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu.

Pamaso pa chiopsezo, matenda a mtima, monga kugunda kwamtima, stroko, pulmonary embolism ndi thrombosis, amatha. Zonsezi zimayamba chifukwa cha matenda oopsa - atherosulinosis.

Malingaliro ngati atherosulinosis a mtima sagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Zili choncho chifukwa atherosclerosis imakhudza mitsempha yamagazi, ndipo mtima ndi minofu. Mawu oti "atherosclerosis a mtima" amatanthauza kugonja kwa ziwiya za mtima. Amayang'anira kuperekera kwa okosijeni ku myocardium ndikuchepa kwawo, mpweya wamtima umayamba.

Magawo a chitukuko cha matenda

Atherosulinosis yamitsempha yama mtima siyamba mwadzidzidzi. Izi ndi zomwe zimatha kukhala zaka zambiri, kuyambira ali aang'ono. Amayamba chifukwa chodzikulitsa cholesterol mthupi ndi kuphatikizika kwa khoma la mtima.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha yam'mimba kumachitika m'magawo angapo:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa osachepera lipoprotein m'magazi. Izi ndichifukwa cha moyo wosayenera, zakudya zopanda pake, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. M'mitsempha yama nthawi imeneyi ndizosatheka kuzindikira kusintha kulikonse - makoma a sitimawo akadali osalala, ngakhale kuwunika kwa ma microscopic kumawulula edema ya maselo a endothelial m'milandu 60%;
• Gawo lotsatira limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a lipid magulu pakhoma la chotengera. Samalowa mu lumen ya mtsempha wamagazi ndipo samasokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi samazindikira kwambiri matendawa;
• Pambuyo pakukhathamira kwa magazi ndi lipids, zolembera zamtundu wa atherosselotic zimayamba kukula. Imawoneka pamatumba okhudzidwa, omwe amakopanso njira za thrombotic. Fibrinogen ndi mapulateleti amadziphatikanso ndi lipids, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsedwa kwa lumen ya mitsempha yamagazi.

Gawo lomaliza ndikukhazikitsa zovuta. Izi zikuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mchere wamchere ndi kuphulika kwa zolengeza. Poyambirira, kuwonongeka kwa khoma la chotengera kumayang'aniridwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chosema miyala, kapena, monga amatchedwanso, kupatsidwa ulemu. Mlandu wachiwiri, ma atherosselotic masamba amayamba kufooka ndipo magawo amtsempha amwazi amayambika mthupi lonse, kutsekeka kwa ma arterioles ndi ma capillaries.

Kutengera ndi kukula kwa ma tinthu, kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka kumatsimikiziridwa - pamiyeso ikuluikulu, maphunzirowa ndi olemerapo. Izi ndichifukwa choti ziwalo zazikulu zimatsekeka zama cell akuluakulu, zomwe zimayipitsa thupi.

Matenda otupa a mtima

Atherosulinosis ali ndi njira zingapo zachitukuko.

Zimatengera komwe kuli komanso kuthamanga kwa chitukuko.

Zilonda zapamtima kwambiri mu atherosulinosis zimaphatikizapo: mtima ndi mtima, angina pectoris, ndi vuto la mtima.

Cardiossteosis ndi nthenda yam'madzi yodziwika ndi kupezeka kwa minofu yabwinobwino yamisempha. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa mpweya wa okosijeni, womwe umatsogolera kuimfa ya minofu ya minofu. Zotsatira zake, hypertrophy imayamba - uku ndikutukuka kwambiri kwa zimakhala ndi maselo athanzi. Komabe, boma silingakhale kwakanthawi, zipinda za mtima zimakulira, ndipo sizingathenso kupopa magazi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulephera kwa valavu, komwe kumayambitsa kulephera kwa mtima ndi kufa.

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka m'mitsempha yama coronary, mitundu iwiri yamtima imasiyanitsidwa - yoyang'ana ndikuyipitsa. Diffuse amadziwika kuti ndi wolemetsa ndi mayendedwe, chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri myocardium, yogawidwa chimodzimodzi. Focal cardiosulinosis imadziwika ndi kupangidwa kwa zilonda zazing'ono mtima wonse. Pa atherossteosis, kuphatikiza mtundu wamtima ndi chikhalidwe. Odwala, amadziwonetsera ndi zizindikiro zotere - mtima ululu, mawonekedwe a kupuma movutikira pakupuma komanso panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kukula kwa miyendo. Mavuto amatengedwa kuti ndi exudative endocarditis, myocarditis ndi ascites, chifukwa chodzikundikira kwambiri kwamadzimadzi m'thupi ndi kulephera kuwuchotsa m'thupi.

Kuwonongeka kwa zida zamagetsi zimadziwika ndi kukula kwa zolakwika za mtima. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhazikika kwa aortic kapena mitral valve kusakwanira. Chifukwa cha izi, ntchito yamakina ndi atria ya mtima imangokulira ndipo kulephera kwa mtima kumayamba. Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mpweya m'matumbo a mtima, zolakwika m'makina amitima ya mtima zimapangika - ndiko kuti, zida zomwe zimayendetsa ndikuwongolera kwa kukhudzidwa kwa mitsempha kwa mtima kumakhudzidwa. Izi zimabweretsa ku arrhythmias - uku ndi kulephera kwa kayendedwe ka mtima, komanso kwa extrasystoles - kuwonjezera kwa kugunda kwamtima kwa mtima.

Zizindikiro zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera pakadutsa ululu wamtima mpaka kukulira kwa fibrillation. Zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yama coronary ndi nthawi ya chithandizo.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa atherosulinosis ndi othandiza kwambiri m'magawo oyamba. Pambuyo pa chitukuko cha zolembera, chithandizo chimakhala mchikhazikitso cha mkhalidwe.

Kodi angina pectoris ndi chiyani?

Angina pectoris ndi zovuta kuzizindikiro zomwe zimawonekera chifukwa cha kufupika kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha yamaumboni osiyanasiyana.

Amadziwika kuti "angina pectoris," chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakumbuyo kwa sternum.

Zowawa nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mwadzidzidzi, popanda nthawi yowonjezera, sizimadalira kuzungulira kwa kugona. Itha kupatsa madera oyandikana nawo - nthambi ya kumtunda, scapula kapena khosi.

Kupweteka kumayimitsidwa ndikumwa mankhwala kuchokera ku gulu la nitrate, zomwe zimapangitsa zinthu izi:

1. Kupumula kwa coronary mothandizidwa ndi guanylate cyclase. Izi zimathandizira kukulira kwa Reflex kwamitsempha yama coronary, chifukwa chomwe magazi amayenda obwezeretsedwa, pambuyo pake njala ya oksijeni imatha ndipo ululuwo ukazimiririka.
2. Kuchepetsa katundu pa myocardium, yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa kufunika kwa mpweya;
3. Zotsatira pamvekedwe mwacifundo amitsempha yamagazi ndikutulutsa mpumulo.
4. Kuthandizanso pakugawa magazi, omwe amadzaza ndi mpweya pakati pamagawo osiyanasiyana a minofu, omwe amalepheretsa kukula kwa necrosis kapena myocardial infarction.

Ngakhale kuti njira yopangira angina ndi yofanana, pali mitundu ingapo ya angina pectoris malinga ndi ICD (gulu lonse la matenda). Amasiyana pakati pawo pamlingo wamtolo, zomwe zimatsogolera kuukira. Kudziwa izi kumathandiza dokotala kuti akupatseni mankhwala othandiza kwambiri:

• Khola la angina pectoris ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Amayamba pambuyo poyeserera thupi. Fomuyi imadziwika ndi kuukira komwe sipitilira mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndipo imayimitsidwa ndikumwa mankhwala a nitrate;
• Angina pectoris wosakhazikika - mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe akale, amapezeka pokhapokha. Izi ndizowopsa za matenda. Zowawa zakupweteka zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali, sizimayimitsidwa ndi piritsi limodzi la nitroglycerin, ndikumabweretsa wodwala.

Chithandizo cha angina pectoris ndikuchiza matenda omwe amakhudza mtsempha wamagazi. Mwa izi, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amasungunuka ma atherosulinotic plaque, kutsitsa magazi, kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi, komanso kutsika magazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala akuwonetsedwa kusintha kwa moyo wawo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chakudya chokhacho kupatula zakudya zamafuta azakudya, kudya thupi ndi kukana zizolowezi zoipa, monga kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa. Woopsa matendawa, kukokomeza kwa mitsempha yam'mimba kumachitika, ndikulowetsa minyewa yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi maulalo athanzi.

Pachimake myocardial necrosis

Myocardial infarction ndi zovuta zovuta za atherosulinosis. Mdziko lapansi ,imfa yodwala matendawa imakhala pafupifupi 40%, nthawi zambiri mwa amuna. Ndizovuta za matenda amtima komanso amakhala ovuta.

Kukula kwa necrosis ya mtima minofu kumabweretsa chinthu monga kusuta. Imalimbikitsa kudzikundikira kwa poizoni wokhala m'makoma a chotengera, momwe ma lipids ndi fibrin zimamangiriridwa mosavuta, ndikupangitsa kuti chotchinga.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti munthu mwina sangadziwe kuti ali ndi matenda a mtima komanso vuto la mtima ndi chizindikiro chake choyamba, chomwe chidzafunika chithandizo chachikulu.

Vuto la mtima limayamba pa liwiro la mphezi, chifukwa myocardium imatha kukhala opanda oxygen m'masekondi khumi ndi asanu.

Pasanathe mphindi, zizindikiro zoyambirira za necrosis zimawonekera, chifukwa maselo amtima amamva kwambiri hypoxia.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za vuto la mtima

1. Zowawa pachifuwa. Amayamba kumveketsa chifukwa chakuti necrosis imayambitsa kulowa kwa zinthu zakupha m'magazi. Komanso, kupweteka kumalumikizidwa ndi kuphipha kwamitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadutsa thrombosis ndi ischemia. Chikhalidwe cha ululu ukuyaka, osapilira, odwala amadziwa kuti sanamve kupweteka kwamphamvu;
2. Chizungulire imayamba chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa okosijeni ku minyewa yaubongo, yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mtima, kuchepa kwa mtima, komanso kuchepa kwa mitsempha ya brachiocephalic. Chipilala cha brachiocephalic (BCC) chimakonda kwambiri kukanikizika. Kutulutsa kwamtima ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amapopera mpweya wamanzere mu chinthu chimodzi. Ngati palibe magazi okwanira, ndiye kuti samapanga kukana koyenera ndipo kukakamiza kumatsika;
3. Kusungunula ndi mseru chifukwa chakukwiyitsa malo osanza muubongo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwatiwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amazimiririka;

Khungu lakhungu limawonekera chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa magazi kuchokera pakatikati kupita kumalo, kuti pakhale hem hemnamics ya ziwalo zofunika kwambiri zamkati - ubongo ndi mtima.

General chithandizo cha matenda

Njira zonse zochizira atherosulinosis ziyenera kuyamba pomwe.

Mu magawo oyambilira, amatha kusinthidwa.

Pa siteji yotsika cholesterol plaque, mankhwala okha sangathe.

M'mavuto azachipatala, mwachitsanzo, ndi multifocal atherosulinosis, wodwalayo amatha kuchiritsidwa mwachangu.

Malangizo pa moyo wanu:

• Zakudya ndi predominance wa zakudya zamasamba. Pali mavitamini ambiri, ma fiber ndi ma pectins mu masamba ndi zipatso, omwe ali ndi phindu pa boma la mitsempha ya m'magazi, amachepetsa kupuma kwa lipid ndikuchotsa ma lipoprotein okwera kwambiri mthupi;
• Kuphatikizidwa kwa nyama yamafuta ndimalo awo ndi nkhuku ndi nsomba, kuchepetsa kudya mafuta m'thupi;
• Kutsatira ndi regimen yakumwa - imwani lita ndi theka lamadzi tsiku lililonse. Izi zimasunga madzi osungira magetsi, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti bedi lamitsempha likhale lolimba ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kosinthasintha;
• Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi - kwa munthu aliyense, katunduyo amayenera kusankhidwa payekha ndi dokotala wopezeka pamlingo wolimbitsa thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mtima. Pachigawo choyamba, anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino azigwiritsa ntchito masewera ovuta komanso amphamvu - kuthamanga, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndewu, komanso makalasi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kwa anthu omwe sanakonzekere bwino, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyenda mu mpweya watsopano, kusambira ndi zina ndizoyenera.

Ngati, mutatha izi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol sikungagwere, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe. Amatha kukhala othandiza pamayambiriro a matendawa. Pakati pa maphikidwe ambiri mungapeze nthawi yoyenera:

1. Sakanizani magawo ofanana ndi ma rhizomes wamba a dandelion ndi masamba a nettle, ndikuwaumiriza kwa maola awiri m'madzi otentha. Imwani ochepa tsiku lonse. Kusintha kukomako, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito uchi wa linden;
2. Sakanizani duwa la m'chiuno ndi sitiroberi zamtchire mu 1: 2, kutsanulira madzi otentha. Lolani kuyima m'malo amdima pafupifupi maola atatu. Imwani m'mawa, theka kapu musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, pafupifupi theka la ola musanadye;
3. Phatikizani madzi a anyezi ndi uchi wofanana, tengani theka la supuni ya m'mawa;

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a anyezi osenda ndi madzi, kuwerengera ngati madontho atatu pa mamililita 100 amadzi. Imwani m'mawa, makamaka ndi zakudya, kuti msuzi wa m'mimba usakwiyitse nembanemba ya mucous.

Chinsinsi ichi chimaphatikizidwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'mimbazi ndipo amayamba kupweteka kapena pachimake hyperacid gastritis.

Chithandizo Chapadera: Kuthira Thupi kapena Opaleshoni

Chithandizo cha coronary stenosis imachitika mothandizidwa ndi maopareshoni.

Mfundo zoyambirira zamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndizovuta komanso zothandiza.

Mankhwala ayenera kukhala ndi phindu pamitsempha yamagazi ndikukhala ndi zoyipa zochepa.

Pochizira matendawa, othandizira a magulu osiyanasiyana a mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Magulu ogulitsidwa amaimiridwa ndi mankhwalawa:

• Kutsitsa cholesterol - izi zimaphatikizapo ma statins ndi ma fiber. Zimakhudza biosynthesis ya cholesterol, kumusokoneza poyambira. Amayimiridwa ndi mankhwala monga atorvastatin ndi hemifibrozil. Amakhala okwera mtengo ndipo atsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa atha kugwira ntchito mosavuta m'thupi;
• Kupanikizika-Kupanikizika - apa ndikofunikira kulingalira zomwe zimayambitsa kukakamizidwa. Izi zitha kukhala mayankho a Refenosis, kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya impso kapena aortic chilema. Dokotala amayenera kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa maphunziro a labotale ndi othandizira kuti apereke mankhwala okwanira;
• Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mankhwala amaikidwa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi biguanides, mwachitsanzo Metformin Teva, Glucophage, Metformin Sandoz. Amamangirira owonjezera a shuga osavuta ndikuwachotsa m'thupi, omwe amaletsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima;

Kuphatikiza apo, mavitamini othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amaperekedwa kuti alimbikitse chitetezo chamthupi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti athane ndi zinthu zoyipa zomwe zingawononge chotengera.

Ndi kusakhazikika kwa njira zonse zochizira atherosclerosis, kungopanganso opaleshoni kumayikidwa mkati mwa mtima. Itha kukhala pazitseko zotseguka kapena endoscopic. Pakadali pano, njira yotsirizirayi imakondedwa chifukwa chakuchepa thupi komanso kufa pang'ono atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya opaleshoni ya endoscopic - mankhwala a balloon ndi stenting. Poyambirira, baluni yapadera imalowetsedwa m'mitsempha, yomwe imayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndikukulitsa kulowererako. Pachiwiri, stent imagwiritsidwa ntchito - chubu chaching'ono chomwe chimakhala ndi mauna. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka hypoallergenic, imatha kusiyidwa mkati mwake kuti isungidwe bwino. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, njira zonse za chithandizo ziyenera kukambidwa ndi dokotala kuti apewe zovuta.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis chiziwuza chiyani katswiri mu kanemayu.