Ngati wodwala wodwala kwambiri ndi wapamwamba mtundu wa atherosulinosis ya m'munsi malekezedwe apezeka, nthawi zina palibe njira ina poperekera chithandizo monga kudulidwa kwam'munsi.
Kuwonongeka kwa atherosmithosis ya m'munsi malekezero ndi matenda osakhazikika kwamitsempha yama sing'anga yayikulu komanso yayikulu, imayamba chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa dyslipidemia ndi kuwonongeka kwa khoma lakale, pakakhala chithandizo choyenera kumabweretsa zovuta ndi kulumala.
Zifukwa zakukula kwa atherosulinosis NK
Pali zifukwa zambiri zoyambitsa kusintha kwa ma atherosselotic m'matumbo a miyendo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri.
Magulu amtunduwu amomwe amayambitsa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha cholesterol chokwanira komanso tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta magazi a m'magazi ndi zinthu zomwe zochita zake zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwina.
Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo:
- Zomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yochulukirapo sikutsatira zakudya zamagulu - kudya nyama zambiri komanso zakudya zamafuta ambiri, komanso zakudya zomwe zimaphikidwa mu mafuta ambiri, kusuta, zakudya zamchere, komanso chakudya chofulumira. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuchepetsa kwa zakudya zomwe zimapezeka muzakudya - masamba obiriwira, zipatso, chimanga ndi nyemba, osagwirizana ndi boma lakumwa, kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa keke, keke, tiyi.
- Kuchuluka kwa mabanja ndikofunikanso - matenda a mtima, kunenepa kwambiri, kagayidwe kachakudya ka matenda a metabolic, ma endocrine pathologies ena, komanso ku dyslipidemia, Homocysteinemia, ndi matenda ena a matenda a metabolic.
Zomwe zimapangitsa gulu lachiwirili kukhala ndi:
- zizolowezi - kumwa kwambiri ndi kusuta fodya kumakhudza gawo lamkati la khoma la chotengera, kuwononga kapangidwe kake ndikupanga magawo omwe angagwirizanidwe ndi ma misa atheromatous komanso kuwundana magazi;
- kusowa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi - wocheperako kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo wamtundu, kumakonda kukokomeza magazi m'mitsempha yam'munsi, kumawonjezera kukakamiza kwa iwo komanso kuvulaza endothelium;
- kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso, kugwira ntchito molimbika - kumayambitsa microtrauma a minofu ya miyendo ndipo, motero, zotengera zawo, ndikupanga zochitika zakukonzekera cholesterol plaques;
- kuvulala ndi hypothermia ya malekezero - kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa magazi m'malo owonongeka a miyendo, ischemia;
- kupezeka kwa atherosulinosis kumakhudzidwa ndi concomitant pathologies - thrombotic kapena matenda a thromboembolic, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena - ophatikizira pakamwa, glucocorticosteroids.
Zina zomwe zimaphatikizapo zaka (zotupa za mtima zimachepetsedwa mwa anthu achikulire) komanso jenda (nthawi zambiri matendawa amakula mwa amuna, chifukwa mahomoni ogonana achikazi amatha kuteteza endothelium).
Mitundu ya zotupa ndi zizindikiro
Nthawi zambiri, mitundu iyi ya zotupa zam'mimba imapezeka - pang'ono kapena stenosis - m'mimba mwake wamitsempha simatsekedwa kwathunthu. Nthawi yomweyo, kutuluka kwa magazi sikungovuta, sikumayambitsa zovuta komanso zizindikiro zazikulu, ndikosavuta kupeza njira zochizira.
Mtundu wachiwiri - ma occlusion - lumel ndi yotsekedwa ndi theka, kutuluka kwa magazi kumakhala kosavomerezeka kapena kulibe, kuyambitsa zizindikiro ndi zovuta zingapo, kumafunikira opaleshoni, ndipo kungayambitse kulumala.
Zizindikiro zakuwonongeka kwa atherosulinosis ya m'munsi yam'munsi ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira kuchuluka kwa matenda.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
- Kulemera ndi kusasangalala m'miyendo, mpaka kupweteka, pambuyo pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyenda kwakutali.
- Kuphwanya mphamvu zamatenthedwe - kupezeka kokhazikika kwa kutentha kwa mapazi.
- Kuphwanya kwamaso ndi zopweteka m'dera lowonongeka.
- Kuyenda kovuta, pamene zolembedwa za atherosulinotic zili pamalo aortic bifurcation pamitsempha ya iliac - makonzedwe apakati.
- Ululu syndrome - kuchokera kuwoneka ngati ululu mu ng'ombe kapena minofu yachikazi pambuyo poyesetsa kwambiri kapena kuyenda motalika, kuthamangira kupweteka kosalekeza, ngakhale pakupuma kapena usiku. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha kupweteka kwa atherosulinosis, nthawi zambiri chosasinthika, osati kwambiri, imatha kuwonjezera pakulimbitsa thupi.
- Kuphulika kwa trophism ya khungu ndi zophatikizika, minofu - kuwonda ndi kuwuma kwa khungu, kusintha kwa mtundu wake (kuyambira pakalembedwe koyambirira kwa matendawa kukhala wofiirira ndi wakuda ndi mapangidwe a gangrene ndi minofu necrosis), kusowa kwa tsitsi m'malo omwe akukhudzidwa, kukulira, misomali yovunda, Imachedwa kuchiritsa mabala pakhungu la mapazi, mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba, necrosis ya pakhungu ndi minofu yofewa.
Chizindikiro cha kufooka kwamiyendo ndikuti kusakoka kwamkati mu mitsempha yam'mimba - popliteal, mitsempha yam'mbuyo, ndi ntchafu. Chizindikiro ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsa koyambirira ndikuzindikira kwa atherosclerosis.
Magawo a Atherosulinosis NK
Matendawa amawerengedwa mogwirizana ndi magawo omwe njira zina zochiritsira zimadalira - kusankha kwa dokotala kapena njira zosasamala, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira opaleshoni.
Gawo loyamba limadziwika ngati ululu umachitika pokhapokha ngati mukuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kuyenda mtunda wopitilira kilomita imodzi sikupweteka. Pakadali pano, wodwala amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala - chosinthika cha moyo, ndi zisonyezo - mankhwala.
Gawo lachiwiri limadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kulolera kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kupezeka kwa zowawa m'misempha m'miyendo mukamayenda mtunda wa 250 kuchokera pa kilomita. Kwa odwala oterewa, njira yothandizira mankhwalawa imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala komanso mankhwala.
Gawo lachitatu ndi mtunda woyenda wopanda ululu kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 250 metres, zizindikiro zina zilipo - trophic, sensityivity sensity, ululu ndizotheka usiku komanso pakupuma. Kwa odwala oterowo, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza njira zamankhwala zochiritsira komanso zosafunikira.
Gawo lachinayi liri ndi mawonekedwe onse a lachitatu, koma limathandizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa zovuta za ischemic - zilonda zam'mimba, gangrene. Monga lamulo, njira zamankhwala othandizira opaleshoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala oterowo, popeza pakadali pano mwayi wolumala wa wodwala mosayenera ndi chithandizo chosayenera.
Kuzindikira atherosulinosis ya m'munsi malekezero
Gawo loyamba lazidziwitso ndi mbiri yakale ya moyo (matenda akale ndi osachiritsika, ma opaleshoni, kuvulala, malingaliro am'banja, moyo, zakudya, zizolowezi zoipa).
Mbiri ya matendawa ndiyofunikanso (kuyambika, zoyambitsa, zifukwa zoyambirira, kutalika kwa matendawa, chitukuko, chithandizo cham'mbuyomu, zotsatira zake).
Njira zotsatirazi ndizosankha, zofunikira kuti zitsimikizireni matendawa.
Izi zikuphatikiza mayeso a labotale:
- Kuwerengera kwamwazi konse, kuchepa kwamkodzo.
- Magazi a m'magazi (kuzindikira matenda a shuga komanso kuphatikizidwa kwa matenda a shuga).
- Kuyesa kwa magazi a biochemical - kudziwa mtundu wa lipid wodziwika (mulingo wa cholesterol yokwanira, kuchuluka komanso kutsika kwa lipoproteins), chiwindi (AlAT, AcAT, phosphatase ya alkal ndiyofunikanso - ma statins adatsutsana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magawo awa) komanso mayeso a renal (creatinine, urea).
Kuzindikira komaliza kumatsimikizika pambuyo poti njira zowonjezera zowonjezera zikuchitika, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka, kutalika kwa patency ya chotengera ngakhale kuona m'magazi.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- angiography ndi njira imodzi yosavuta kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo yodziwira, pokhazikitsidwa ndi X-ray yothandizira m'matumba ndi zithunzi za X-ray zamiyendo;
- multispiral compute tomography ndi maginito a resonance ndi njira zophunzitsira zothandiza zomwe zimathandizira kuwona mulingo wa kutsekeka kwa mtima;
- kusanthula kwa duplex ndi mtundu wa golide wothandiza kuzindikira kufalikira kwa ma atherosclerosis, umapangitsa kuti azitha kutsata magazi kudzera m'dera lowonongeka, kuwona m'mitsempha yamagalimoto.
Kuphatikizanso kwa kupenda njira zodziwira matendawa kumaphatikizapo kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi kumiyendo ndi miyendo, kuwerengera kalozera wamchiuno.
Muli mankhwala a atherosulinosis a m'munsi malekezero
Chithandizo chimatengera zizindikiro za nthendayo, magawo ake, ndipo zimaphatikizaponso kusintha kwa moyo wa wodwalayo, mankhwala ndi njira zopangira opaleshoni.
Chithandizo cha magawo oyamba amatha kuchitika mosamala, wodwalayo amalimbikitsidwa pazakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, komanso chisamaliro cha phazi.
Zakudya zochizira matenda a atherosulinosis ziyenera kukhala zokwanira, kuphatikizapo kuphatikizidwa kwa zakudya zamasamba ndi zipatso, chimanga, mitundu yochepa yamafuta ndi nsomba, mndandanda woyenera wa kumwa.
Monga gwero la mapuloteni, nyama yankhuku, nsomba zamafuta ochepa, nyemba, soya, mapuloteni a dzira ndi oyenera.
Zakudya zamafuta kwambiri sizimaphatikizidwa kwathunthu - soseji, pastes, yolks, chakudya chofulumira, zakudya zopatsa chidwi.
Kusamalidwa koyenera kwamapazi ndikofunikanso - kupewa hypothermia, kuvala momasuka, osati pafupi, kapena nsapato zamatumbo ngati nkotheka, kuchita bwino maulendo, kuchitira zilonda zazing'ono pakhungu ndi antiseptics.
Amatinso kugwiritsa ntchito kusamba kosiyanitsa phazi ndi decoctions azitsamba kapena mchere, kutikita minofu.
Pa intaneti mungapezeko ndemanga zabwino za mankhwala azikhalidwe, monga mafuta opaka khungu ndi mafuta a maolivi kapena nyanja. Koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe osakanikirana ndi chithandizo china komanso pakakhala kuti pali contraindication.
Chithandizo cha mankhwala a atherosulinosis:
- Othandizira a Hypolipidemic - Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin, fibrate, nicotinic acid.
- Antispasmodics - No-shpa, Drotaverin, Papaverin.
- Mankhwala othandizira - Vazoprostan, Trental, Curantil, Cilostazol.
- Ma antiplatelet othandizira ndi anticoagulants - Aspirin, Cardiomagnyl, Magnikor, Fraksiparin, Heparin, Enoksiparin, Clopidogrel.
Kuphatikiza apo, mavitamini ndi physiotherapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza.
Mankhwala othandizira atherosclerosis
Kubwezeretsa magazi mu magawo oyamba ndi achiwiri, ntchito zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - stenting, opaleshoni yodutsa, balloon angioplasty, thrombendarteriectomy, angioplasty ndi alloprosthetics kapena autoprosthetics.
Zochizira za magawo achitatu ndi chinayi a atherosulinosis, chithandizo chovuta kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chimaphatikizapo malangizo onse a njira ya moyo ndi zakudya, mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso opaleshoni.
Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi ischemia yovuta, sikutheka kuchita opaleshoni yovulaza pang'ono, chifukwa magazi amatuluka kwambiri, komanso kusintha kosasintha kwa ischemic ndi necrotic kumachitika.
Nthawi zina njira yokhayo yotulukamo, mwa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya necrotic, kuwonongeka osati kokha kofewa komanso minofu ya mafupa, ndikudula kwa gawo lomwe lakhudzidwalo.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazochita zakale zakuchita opareshoni, tanthauzo lake ndikuchotsa gawo limodzi ndi fupa.
Kutengera mulingo wa kusintha kwa mitsempha ndi kusintha kwa malo oyandikana nawo, kudula kwapamwamba komanso kotsika kumasiyanitsidwa.
Kuduladula kwapamwamba kumatchedwa pomwe nthambi imadulidwa pamwamba pa bondo, yotsika - ndi mawonekedwe a zala, phazi, mwendo wotsika.
Zomaliza zimagawikidwanso kukhala pulayimale ndi sekondale.
Zisonyezero zogwiritsira ntchito - mtima wathunthu wamatsenga, limodzi ndi ululu wambiri, kusowa kwa mphamvu yochizira, kusintha kwa khungu ndi minofu.
Opaleshoni yayikulu imalepheretsa kuchitika kwa zovuta - sepsis, matenda ena a ziwalo zina.
Kumbukirani kuti pambuyo podzicheka, chithandizo pakadali pano sichitha, popeza atherosulinosis imakhala ikuchitika pafupipafupi, ndipo posakhalitsa vutoli limayambiranso.
Pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni yayikulu, njira zobwezeretsa ndizofunikira - opaleshoni yodutsa kapena yowuma, ma prosthetics a olowa.
Kupewa kwa atherosulinosis obliterans kumakhala ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kutsatira zakudya zabwino, kusiya kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, nthawi zina kuyang'anira cholesterol ndi zigawo zina za lipid, kuthamanga kwa magazi, chithandizo cha panthawi yake.
Momwe ma atherosclerosis amathandizira akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
