Atherosclerosis ya mtima ndi matenda omwe ubongo umagwirira. Izi zimadzetsa kusagwira bwino ntchito m'magazi kupita ku myocardium.
Atherosulinosis ndi omwe amafa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakayamba matenda a shuga, monga zovuta za matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia.
Chithandizo cha matendawa chizikhala chapanthawi yake, chokwanira komanso chokwanira. Koma musanayambe chithandizo, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa.
Zifukwa
Kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake atherosclerosis imachitika, muyenera kudziwa mapangidwe ake. Poyamba, ming'alu yaying'ono imakhazikika pamakoma amitsempha, pomwe cholesterol yoyipa imalowa m'magazi. Makulidwe otsika a lipoproteins amathandizira kuti matendawa athe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minyewa yolumikizana.
Kuphatikizika kwa triglycerides pamitsempha yamagalasi kumathandizidwa ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana mthupi. Uku ndikulakwitsa kwa lipid metabolism kapena magazi osayenda bwino.
Popita nthawi, kudzikundikira kwamafuta m'matengera kumabweretsa mapangidwe a atherosranceotic malo. Chifukwa chake ma lumen omwe amakhala m'mitsempha amachepa, omwe amamaliza ndi kuchepa kwawo pang'ono kapena kwathunthu.
Izi zimabweretsa kufa ndi njala komanso kusowa kwa michere. Ndipo ngati matenda oopsa a hypoxia amapezeka m'matumbo okufika kumtima, ndiye kuti ischemic syndrome imayamba.
Chifukwa chake, choyambitsa chachikulu cha atherosulinosis ya mtima ndi hypercholesterolemia. Koma pali zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa:
- matenda oopsa;
- shuga mellitus ndi endocrine pathologies ena;
- kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni;
- matenda
- kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi;
- matenda a chiwindi
- kubadwa mwabadwa;
- kunenepa
- kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
- kusuta
Komanso, matenda a mtima opatsirana mosalekeza atha kukhala motsutsana ndi maziko okhala opanda moyo komanso kupsinjika kosalekeza. Zomwe zimatulutsa zomwe zimakweza chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndizophatikizira zaka. Gerontologists akukhulupirira kuti zizindikiro za atherosulinosis ndizowonetsera mwachindunji kuti dementia yachitika.
Ma genetics awona kuti sikuti kukhala munthu wamkulu kokha, komanso jenda, kumawonjezera mwayi wa matenda a mtima wolimbana ndi matenda. Kafukufuku wambiri watsimikizira kuti matenda a pathology nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa amuna.
Ndipo mwa azimayi, chiopsezo chotenga matendawa chimangokulira pambuyo pa kusintha kwa thupi, pomwe kupanga mahomoni ogonana kumachepera kwambiri.
Magawo otukula ndi zizindikiro
Matenda a mtima ndi chotupa cha m'magazi amayamba m'magawo. Pali magawo atatu a matenda.
Pa gawo loyamba, lipid banga limapangidwa, mawonekedwe ake omwe amathandizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka magazi ndi kupezeka kwa ma microcracks pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi. Nthawi zambiri mapangidwe a atherosulinotic amapezeka m'malo a ziwengo.
Pa gawo loyambirira la matendawa, makoma owonongeka a mitsempha amamasuka ndikutupa. Kutalika kwa siteji kumatengera mawonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo. Zindikirani atherosulinosis mu gawo loyamba ndizotheka pokhapokha pothandizidwa ndi mayeso a microscopic.
Gawo lachiwiri la chitukuko cha matendawa limatchedwa liposulinosis. Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa minyewa yolumikizana m'dera la LDL mu msambo wama coronary artery.
Mapangidwe a atheromatous amapezekanso, omwe amaphatikizapo minofu ya lipid komanso yolumikizana. Kutha kwa mayendedwe kumabweretsa kutseka kwa mtima lumen ndi pafupipafupi thrombrosis.
Gawo lachitatu la atherosulinosis ya mtima limaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa kwa mchere wa calcium ku zolengeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kupangika kokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chomaliza ndi chovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amachitidwa opareshoni.
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha atherosulinosis ndi kupweteka pachifuwa, chofanana ndi kuukira kwa angina pectoris. Zovuta zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi kapena nthawi ndi nthawi zimamveka m'malo a phewa, khosi ndi manja.
Odwala ena amazindikira kuti chizindikiro chowawa chimatha kukhala mwadzidzidzi, chikuyaka. Nthawi zambiri imadziwika padera kumanzere theka la thupi ndipo imachitika pambuyo pamavuto kapena zolimbitsa thupi.
Zizindikiro zina za atherosulinosis ya mtima:
- kukumbukira kusokonezeka ndi chidwi;
- miyendo imayamba kuzizira ndipo imakhala yoyera;
- kufooka ndi kukwiya;
- Chizungulire
- kusokonezeka kwa mtima;
- hyperhidrosis;
- kupuma movutikira
- nseru
- kumeza movutikira;
- kuchuluka kwa minofu ya nkhope.
Ndi atherosulinotic matenda a mtima, odwala ena amadandaula zoletsa zogonana, nthawi ndi mutu. Nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta kunena, chromate, kutupa kwa malekezero otsika.
Komanso, odwala ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mantha obwera chifukwa choopa kufa.
Zotsatira zake
Matenda a mtima a atherosselotic angayambitse zovuta zambiri. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, zimaphatikizidwa ndi matenda oopsa, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Wotsirizira nthawi zambiri umatha ndi myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, stroke ndi encephalopathy (necrosis ya ubongo neurons).
Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, motsutsana ndi maziko a atherosulinosis a mtima, matenda a mtima a ischemic kapena coronary sclerosis amachitika. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kusinthanitsa pang'ono ndi myocardium ndi minofu yolumikizidwa.
Aortic atherosclerosis ndi matenda oopsa zimathandizira aneurysm. Nthawi zambiri izi zimatha ndikutulutsa kwa msempha.
Pamene ABS ikupita patsogolo, imachepetsa minofu ya mtima, yomwe imatsogolera kukukula kwa:
- myocardiosulinosis (kupangika kwa mitsempha ya mtima)
- arrhythmias (kusokonezeka kwa mapikidwe a mtima);
- angina pectoris (angina pectoris);
- kulephera kwa mtima (kuvunda kwamatenda amisala).
Ndizachilendo kuti pambuyo-infarction mtima ndi mtima zingayambitse kulumala. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a atherosclerotic amakhudza osati mtima wokha, komanso ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe ena. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zotengera muubongo ndi m'munsi.
Chifukwa chake, zotupa za ma femor-popliteal ndi iliac m'mitsempha yamiyendo, kufalikira kwa atherosulinosis kumayamba. Ndipo ngati mapangidwe amapezeka m'mitsempha ya carotid, brachiocephalic atherosulinosis imachitika, nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kukhumudwa muubongo. Koma zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za atherosulinosis ndi kufa mwadzidzidzi kwamtima.
Zotsatira zakupha zimachitika chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwamtima komwe kumachitika chifukwa chofikira kwathunthu kwa mtsempha wamagazi.
Zizindikiro
Choyamba, adokotala amatenga mbiri yachipatala. Izi ndizofunikira kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa, zizindikiro za matenda.
Cardiologist amathandizanso wodwalayo. Kupezeka kwa matenda a mtima a atherosulin Dokotala wina amatha kuwona madandaulo a systolic mu kuchuluka kwa msempha, kuchuluka kwa mtima ndi matenda oopsa.
Kuti muwone atherosulinosis yamitsempha yama mtima, ma diagnostics a labotale amachitidwa. Makamaka, ndikofunikira kupanga mbiri ya lipid yomwe imazindikira kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins ndi kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'magazi.
Njira zothandiza kwambiri zofufuzira matenda a mtima ndi matenda othandiza kuzindikira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:
- Kuyesa kwa kupsinjika - kumawonetsa momwe mtima umachita pochita zolimbitsa thupi.
- Electrocardiography - imalemba zochitika zamagetsi, zimawulula zovuta zamagazi.
- Angiografia - pakafukufukuyu, wogwirizira amaphatikizidwa m'mitsempha yama coronary, yomwe imakulolani kuti mupeze madera omwe kupindika ndi kufalikira.
- Computer tomography - imapanga X-ray ya mtima, kuwonetsa momwe mawonekedwe a mitsempha ya m'mimba imagwirira ntchito.
- Echocardiography - imakupatsani mwayi wopanga chithunzi cha mtima kudzera mu ultrasound, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kuyesa mgwirizano wa ziwalozo.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso opaleshoni
Mu atherosclerotic matenda amtima chifukwa cha hypercholesterolemia, maziko a Conservative mankhwala ndi ma statins. Mankhwalawa amalepheretsa kubisalira kwa michere ya hepatic yomwe imayambitsa kupanga mafuta m'thupi. Zithandizo zodziwika bwino kuchokera pagululi ndi Rosuvastatin ndi Atorvastatin.
Zochokera ku Nicotinic acid zimayendetsedwa kuti zimalimbikitsa metabolid ya lipid. Komanso, ndi ma atherosselotic plaque m'mitsempha yama coronary, ndikofunikira kuti mutenge mafupa omwe amawononga mafuta pama protein.
Ngakhale atherosulinosis, ACE Inhibitors (Perindopril, Ramipril) kapena beta-blockers (Losartan, Valsartan) akuwonetsedwa. Mankhwalawa amachotsa mawonetseredwe a matenda oopsa, arrhythmias ndikuletsa kupitilira kwa ABS.
Mankhwala ena opangidwa ndi matenda a mtima:
- Othandizira a antiplatelet (Aspirin, Ticagrelor) - pewani thrombosis.
- Nitroglycerin - limachepetsa mphamvu ya mitsempha ya m'magazi, yomwe imapangitsa magazi kupita kwa minofu ya mtima.
- Diuretics (Torasemide, Furosemide) - chotsani madzi owonjezera mthupi.
- Vitamini ovuta - kulimbitsa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
Ngati palibe zotsatira zoyenera zamankhwala othandizira, muzochitika zotsogola pamene chiopsezo cha kufa chikuwonjezeka, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimachitika. Ndi ma atherosclerotic plaque mu coronary artery, mitundu ingapo ya ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yoyamba ndiyo kugwirizanitsa kwa mitsempha yodutsa, komwe kumakupatsani njira inanso yowongolera kuyenda kwa magazi. Njira yachiwiri - intravascular stenting, imaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa m'malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi stent, kukulitsa mtima wa lumen.
Komanso, matenda a atherosulinotic, kuchepetsedwa kwa baluni kumatha kuchitidwa. Chofunika cha njirayi ndikuti catheter amailowetsa mumtsinje ndi baluni wophatikizidwa ndi iyo, yomwe imatsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Ngati kuyatsa kwa balloon sikungatheke, laser angioplasty imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nthawi ya opaleshoni, dokotalayo amabwezeretsa mawonekedwe ndi momwe magwiridwe antchito a ziwiya zomwe akhudzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito laser.
Mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi mankhwala wowerengeka
Zomwe zimatsogolera pakukula kwa matenda a atherosulinotic ndi cholesterol yayikulu yamagazi. Nthawi zambiri kudzikundikira kwa LDL m'matombo kumayambitsa vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya, lomwe limakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zowononga komanso zamafuta. Chifukwa chake, kukumbukiridwa kwa zakudya zapadera kumawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri kuti munthu abwezeretsedwe.
Choyamba, muyenera kusiya nyama yamafuta (nkhumba, bakha, mwanawankhosa) ndi offal (bongo, chiwindi). Muyeneranso kuchepetsa mchere, maswiti, mafuta aliwonse achinyama. Chiletsocho chimaphatikizapo masoseji, nyama zosuta, zipatso, kudya mwachangu, zakumwa za shuga.
Ndi atherosulinosis, akatswiri azakudya zanyumba amalimbikitsa kubweretsa zakudya zochepa za cholesterol muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku:
- masamba (nkhaka, tomato, broccoli, zukini, beets, radishes, kaloti);
- bowa (bowa wa oyisitara);
- nyemba;
- zipatso (avocado, zipatso za zipatso);
- nyama yazakudya (nkhuku, nkhuku, kalulu, nyama yamwana);
- mtedza (ma almond);
- mafuta osasamba osasamba;
- nsomba (hering'i yopanda mafuta, nsomba, hake);
- njere zonse
- mafuta mkaka otsika.
Monga chithandizo chothandizira kwa ABS, maphikidwe ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pakulimbitsa kwamtima kwamtima, zinthu zamtchire, zipatso zouma ndi mtedza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphamvu yokhazikika ili ndi valerian, mamawort ndi timbewu.
Calendula, mahatchi, eleutherococcus, blackcurrant ingathandize kuchotsa arrhythmia. Lingonberry, clover, parsley, ndi hawthorn ali ndi diuretic.
Kuvuta kwa atherosulinosis ndi tincture wa adyo, rose m'chiuno kapena masamba a plantain. Zosathandiza kwenikweni ndi decoction wa masamba a sitiroberi komanso kuphatikiza uchi ndi mandimu.
Momwe mungayeretsere ziwiya za cholesterol zolembera zikufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.
