Choyambirira chomwe chikufunika kunenedwa m'nkhani yokhudza njira zatsopano zochizira matenda ashuga sikuti kudalira kwambiri chozizwitsa, koma sinthani magazi anu tsopano. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumaliza mtundu wa 1 wa chithandizo cha matenda ashuga kapena pulogalamu yachiwiri yothandizira matenda ashuga. Kufufuza zamankhwala atsopano a shuga kukupitirirabe, posakhalitsa, asayansi azichita bwino. Koma kufikira nthawi yosangalatsayi, inu ndi ine tikufunikabe kukhala ndi moyo. Komanso, ngati kapamba wanu amakhalabe akupanga insulini yake pang'ono, ndiye ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ikhale ndi luso lotere, osangoisiya.
Kafukufuku wazaka zatsopano za shuga adayang'ana kwambiri kupeza njira zochizira matenda ashuga za mtundu woyamba 1 kuti apulumutse odwala kuti asabayidwe insulin. Ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, lero mutha kuchita popanda insulini mu 90% ya milandu, ngati mumayang'anitsitsa mosamala ndi chakudya chamagulu pang'ono komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosangalala. Munkhani yomwe ili pansipa, muphunzira pomwe madera omwe njira zatsopano zimapangidwira kuti athane ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, komanso LADA, mellitus wa shuga.
Kumbukirani kuti insulini m'thupi la munthu imapanga ma cell a beta, omwe amapezeka muzilumba za Langerhans mu kapamba. Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakula chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga maselo ambiri a beta. Chifukwa chomwe chitetezo chamthupi chimayamba kugunda maselo a beta sichinakhazikitsidwe molondola. Amadziwika kuti mankhwalawa amayambitsa matenda enaake a virus (rubella), kumudziwitsa khanda kwambiri mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi cholowa chosakwanira. Cholinga chopanga njira zatsopano zopangira matenda ashuga ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a beta.
Pakadali pano, njira zambiri zatsopano zikupangidwa kuti athane ndi vutoli. Onsewa agawidwa m'magawo atatu:
- kufalikira kwa kapamba, ziwalo zake zina kapena maselo;
- kukonzanso ("cloning") kwamaselo a beta;
- immunomodulation - siyani kuukira kwa chitetezo chathupi pama cell a beta.
Kutumiza kwa kapamba ndi maselo a beta payekha
Asayansi ndi madokotala pakali pano ali ndi mwayi wambiri wopanga zinthu zina. Ukadaulo wapita patsogolo modabwitsa; maziko azomwe asayansi komanso othandiza pantchito yopanga akukula nawonso akukula mosalekeza. Amayesa kutumiza ma bio osiyanasiyana kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba: kuchokera ku zikondamoyo zonse mpaka tiziwalo tosiyanasiyana. Mitsinje yayikulu yotsatira yasiyanitsidwa, kutengera zomwe akufuna kupititsa odwala:
- kufalikira kwa gawo lina la kapamba;
- kupatsidwa kwa ma islets a Langerhans kapena maselo a beta;
- Kuyika kwa masinthidwewo a tsinde kuti ma cell a beta athe kupezeka kuchokera kwa iwo.
Zochitika zofunikira zapezeka pakuwonjezera impso yamagazi opereka pamodzi ndi gawo la kapamba kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 omwe adayamba kulephera kwa impso. Chiwopsezo chopulumuka cha odwala pambuyo pa kuphatikiza kosakanikirana kotereku tsopano chikuchulukitsa 90% mchaka choyamba. Chachikulu ndikusankha mankhwala oyenera pokana kukana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.
Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yotere, odwala amatha kusungirako insulin kwa zaka 1-2, koma kenako ntchito ya kondani yomwe idalowetsedwa kuti ipange insulin imatha. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kuphatikizika kwa impso ndi gawo la kapamba kumachitika pokhapokha ngati matenda a shuga 1 amavuta ndi nephropathy, i.e., kuwonongeka kwa impso. Nthawi zina odwala matenda ashuga, chithandizo chotere sichikulimbikitsidwa. Chiwopsezo cha zovuta panthawi ndi pambuyo pa opareshoni ndiochuluka kwambiri ndipo chimaposa phindu lomwe lingakhalepo. Kumwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse chitetezo chathupi kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa, ndipo ngakhale zili choncho, pali mwayi wambiri wokanidwa.
Kufufuza kuthekera kwa kusinthanitsa kwa ma islets a Langerhans kapena maselo amtundu wa beta ali pagawo loyesa nyama. Zadziwika kuti kufalitsa ma boti a Langerhans ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa ma cell a beta. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi pochiza matenda amtundu wa 1 wodwala akadali kutali kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa maselo a tsinde kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta kwakhala kofukufuku pa gawo la njira zatsopano zochizira matenda ashuga. Maselo a stem ndi maselo omwe amatha kupanga maselo "apadera" atsopano, kuphatikiza ma cell a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Mothandizidwa ndi maselo am'mimba, akuyesera kuonetsetsa kuti maselo atsopano a beta amawonekera mthupi, osati mu kapamba, komanso chiwindi ndi ndulu. Padzatenga nthawi yayitali njira iyi isanagwiritsidwe ntchito mosamala komanso moyenera kuchiza odwala matenda ashuga.
Kubalana ndi kusakanikirana kwa ma cell a beta
Ofufuzawo akuyesa kukonza njira zopangira maselo a insulin. Mwachidziwikire, ntchitoyi idakonzedwa kale; tsopano tikuyenera kupanga njirayi kukhala yayikulu komanso yokwera mtengo. Asayansi akusunthasuntha mbali iyi. Ngati maselo okwanira a beta "adakulitsidwa", ndiye kuti amatha kuikidwa m'thupi la wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, motero amuchiritsa.
Ngati chitetezo cha mthupi sichingayambenso kuwononga maselo a beta, ndiye kuti kupanga insulin yachilendo kumatha kukhalabe moyo wanu wonse. Ngati vutoli la autoimmune likupitilira, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amangofunika kulowetsa gawo lina la "cell" yake ya beta. Njirayi imatha kubwerezedwa kangapo pakufunika.
Munjira zakunyumba, mumakhala maselo omwe ali "oyatsogolera" a maselo a beta. Chithandizo china chatsopano cha matenda ashuga chomwe chingakulimbikitseni ndikuthandizira kusintha kwa "omwe ali patsogolo" m'maselo athunthu a beta. Zomwe mukusowa ndi jakisoni wa proteni wapadera. Njirayi ikuyesedwa (kale pagulu!) M'malo angapo ofufuza kuti muwone kuyeserera kwake ndi zotsatirapo zake.
Njira ina ndikuyambitsa majini omwe amachititsa kuti insulini ipange maselo a chiwindi kapena impso. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, asayansi adatha kale kuchiza matenda a shuga m'magazi a labotale, koma asanayambe kuyesa kwa anthu, zopinga zambiri zimafunikabe kugonjetsedwa.
Makampani awiri omwe akupikisana ndi ukadaulo akuyesa njira ina yatsopano ya matenda a shuga. Amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa mapuloteni ena apadera kuti alimbikitse maselo a beta kuti achulukane mkati mwa kapamba. Izi zitha kuchitika mpaka ma cell onse a beta atayika m'malo mwake. Mu nyama, njirayi imanenedwa kuti imagwira ntchito bwino. Kampani yayikulu yopanga zamankhwala Eli Lilly yalowa nawo kafukufukuyu
Ndi mankhwala onse atsopano a shuga omwe alembedwa pamwambapa, pali vuto wamba - chitetezo cha mthupi chimapitilizabe kuwononga maselo atsopano a beta. Gawo lotsatira likulongosola njira zomwe zingatheke pothana ndi vutoli.
Momwe Mungayimitsire Kulimbana ndi Matenda a Beta
Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ngakhale omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, amasunga ochepa maselo a beta omwe akupitilirabe. Tsoka ilo, chitetezo chamthupi cha anthu awa chimapanga matupi oyera amwazi omwe amawononga ma cell a beta pamlingo womwewo akamachulukana, kapenanso mwachangu.
Ngati nkotheka kupatula ma antibodies ku beta cell a kapamba, ndiye kuti asayansi amatha kupanga katemera wotsutsana nawo. Katemera wa katemera uyu amalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chiwononge chitetezo cha mthupi. Kenako maselo a beta omwe atsala adzatha kubereka popanda kusokoneza, motero matenda a shuga adzachiritsidwa. Anthu omwe kale amadwala matenda ashuga angafunike jakisoni wambiri wa katemera zaka zingapo zilizonse. Koma sivuto, poyerekeza ndi katundu amene odwala ashuga tsopano ali nawo.
Zithandizo Zatsopano za Atsopano: Zopezeka
Tsopano mukumvetsetsa chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti maselo a beta omwe mwatsala akhale amoyo? Choyamba, zimapangitsa shuga. Mukamapangira insulin yanu bwino, imakhala yosavuta kuthana ndi matendawa. Kachiwiri, odwala matenda ashuga omwe asunga maselo a beta amoyo ndiwo adzakhala oyamba kulandira chithandizo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano posachedwa. Mutha kuthandiza maselo anu a beta kukhala ndi moyo ngati mungakhalebe ndi shuga komanso magazi a insulin kuti muchepetse nkhawa zanu. Werengani zambiri zamankhwala a matenda a shuga 1.
Anthu ambiri omwe atapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuphatikiza makolo a ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, akhala akukoka kwa nthawi yayitali atayamba chithandizo cha insulin. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati mukufuna jakisoni wa insulin, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ali ndi phazi limodzi m'manda. Odwala oterowo amadalira ma charlatans, ndipo pamapeto pake, maselo a beta a kapamba amawonongedwa aliyense, chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwawo. Mukawerenga nkhaniyi, mukumvetsetsa chifukwa chake amadziyesa okha mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zochizira matenda ashuga, ngakhale zitawoneka posachedwa.
