Chithokomiro - zambiri
Gland ya chithokomiro ili kutsogolo kwa khosi (pang'ono pansi pa apulo ya Adamu). Chitsulo chimalemera pafupifupi 18 g ndipo chimafanana ndi gulugufe. M'mbuyo mwa chithokomiro chotere pali trachea, yomwe chithokomiro chake chimakhala, ndikuchiphimba pang'ono. Pamwambapo ndi chithokomiro.
Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndi chiwalo chofewa komanso chofewa chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kuwona palpation, komabe, ngakhale kutuphuka pang'ono kumachitika palokha ndikuwoneka ndi maso amaliseche. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kumatengera zinthu zambiri - makamaka, pa kuchuluka kwa ayodini yemwe amalowa mthupi.
- Pathologies omwe amagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa mahomoni (hypothyroidism);
- Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mahomoni (hyperthyroidism, thyrotooticosis).
Kuperewera kwa ayodini kumadera ena kumatha kubweretsa kukula kwa goster - chotupa cha chithokomiro.
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa chithokomiro chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayodini m'madzi ndi chakudya.
Magwiridwe antchito a chithokomiro amayesedwa ndi njira yolembera pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa magazi. Pali mayeso omwe amawunika molondola kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.
Ntchito ya chithokomiro
Ntchito yayikulu ya gland ndikupanga mahomoni thyroxine (T4) ndi triiodothyronine (T3)
Ma hormone awa amalamulira kagayidwe m'thupi - amathandizira, amathandizira (ndipo ngati pakufunika, amachepetsa) kuwonongeka ndikupatsanso mafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Mlingo wa mahomoni a chithokomiro amawongolera zodabwisa womwe umapezeka pansi paubongo. Thupi limayika chithokomiro cholimbikitsa chithokomiro, chomwe chimalimbikitsa chithokomiro, ndikupangitsa kuti ichulukitse kupanga kwa thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine. Dongosolo ili limagwira pamaziko a mayankho. Ngati mahomoni a chithokomiro ndi ochepa, tinthu tambiri timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timene timagwira ndi chithokomiro. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi mahomoni ofanana amakhazikika m'thupi.
- Kutetemera kwa mafuta ndi chakudya;
- Ntchito ya mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi;
- Zochitika m'mimba thirakiti;
- Zochita zamisala ndi zamanjenje;
- Njira yakulera.
Mtundu wapadera wa khungu la chithokomiro limapanga ndipo limayambitsa mahomoni ena kulowa m'magazi - calcitonin. Izi zikuthandizira mulingo wa calcium m'thupi la munthu. Chifukwa chake, mkhalidwe wamkono ndi mafupa amkati mwa minyewa minofu amazilamulira.
Zokhudza matenda ashuga m'magazi a chithokomiro
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Autoimmune (ndiye kuti, amayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zamkati) ma pathologies a chithokomiro amapezeka mwa wodwala aliyense wachitatu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba.
- Ponena za anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu II, mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la chithokomiro ulinso wokwera, makamaka ngati osachitapo kanthu.
Hypothyroidism mosakhudza zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi; ndi hyperthyroidism, zotsatira zake kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndiowopsa kwambiri.
Kukhalapo kwa hyperthyroidism kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Shuga wokhazikika nthawi zonse amatha kubweretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga apamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, kulemera kwambiri komwe kumakhalapo chifukwa chosowa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumachulukitsa matenda a metabolism ndipo amatha kuchita zinthu zina zowonjezera shuga.
- Kuwonongeka kwa lipid metabolism ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi lipids zovulaza m'magazi komanso kutsika kwa triglycerides ndi "opindulitsa" mafuta acids;
- Atherosclerosis ya zombo, chizolowezi cha kupindika (mitsempha) ya mitsempha, yomwe imawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwidwa ndi mtima ndi stroko.
Hyperthyroidism (zowonjezera mahomoni a chithokomiro) amalimbitsa zizindikiritso ndi mawonekedwe a shuga, popeza zimathandizira kagayidwe. Ndipo ngati michere ya metabolic imathandizira panthawi yaubweya wawo, izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa zomwe akudwala tsopano. M'malo mwake, matenda a shuga m'mikhalidwe iyi amapita patsogolo kangapo mwachangu.
- Acidosis (kusintha kwachilengedwe mu acid-based balance of the body, lead to the diabetesic coma);
- Kuzindikira kwa minofu ya mtima, nkhawa ya mtima (arrhythmia);
- Mafupa a minofu ya pathologies (mafupa komanso kuchepa kwa mafupa).
Thanzi lathanzi lathunthu limavutikanso - kufooka ndi mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuwonetsera kwa hyperthyroidism kapena chithokomiro chokwanira.
Njira zowongolera
Popewa, kuwunika mosalekeza mahomoni a chithokomiro m'magazi kuyenera kuchitika. Ngati pali chizolowezi chokweza kapena kuchepetsa chizindikiro ichi, njira zoteteza ziyenera kuchitidwa. Pali mankhwala omwe amakonzekera iodine ya organic ku thupi kuti athetse kufooka kwa chinthuchi mthupi. Kukonzanso zakudya m'thupi kumathandizanso.
