Maziko a insulin
Ndi regal basal-bolus for insulin management (zambiri za regimen zomwe zilipo zitha kupezeka m'nkhaniyi), theka la okwana tsiku lililonse la mankhwalawa limagwera insulin, ndipo theka mwachidule. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a insulin yayitali imayendetsedwa m'mawa ndi masana, kupumula nthawi yamadzulo.
- Insulin yochepa-m'mawa (7), masana (10), madzulo (7);
- Insulin yapakatikati - m'mawa (10), madzulo (6);
- Kuchita insulin nthawi yayitali madzulo (16).
Jekeseni ayenera kutumikiridwa musanadye. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachulukitsa kale asanadye, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin yocheperako kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa UNITS:
- Ndi shuga 11 - 12 mmol / l pa 2;
- Ndi shuga 13 - 15 mmol / l ndi 4;
- Ndi shuga 16 - 18 mmol / l ndi 6;
- Ndi glucose apamwamba kuposa 18 mmol / l ndi 12.
Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulowetsa kapamba ndi manja ake ndi syringe, yomwe yakhazikika, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi, amatulutsa insulini yochulukirapo monga momwe amafunikira kuchepetsa shuga. Ndi matenda otupa, munthu ayenera kuyendetsa mankhwalawo, kuganizira mozama kuchuluka kwa insulin. Pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa amawerengedwa molimbikitsa - poyesa kuchuluka kwa glucose musanadye komanso pambuyo pake. Kuphatikiza apo, pali matebulo omwe akuwonetsa zofunikira zamagulu azakudya ndi mtundu wa insulin ofunikira mukamadya izi.
- Kukula kwa mankhwalawa - jakisoni wa insulin amatumizidwa 4 mpaka 5 pa tsiku;
- Zingwe zimapangidwa tsiku lonse, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi njira yamoyo (kuwerenga, ntchito, kuyenda pamagalimoto aboma), muyenera kukhala ndi syringe nthawi zonse;
- Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuwonjezereka kwa shuga komwe kumakhudzana ndi kudya kosakwanira kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin.
Mwazi wamagazi
Mulingo wathanzi wa munthu wathanzi (mkhalidwe A):
Zikhalidwe a | mmol / l |
Pamimba yopanda kanthu | 3,3 - 5,5 |
Patatha maola awiri mutadya | 4,4 - 7,8 |
Usiku (2 - maola 4) | 3,9 - 5,5 |
Mulingo wa shuga kwa odwala matenda ashuga (mkhalidwe B):
Zochitika b | Osakwana zaka 60 | Pambuyo pa zaka 60 |
mmol / l | ||
Pamimba yopanda kanthu | 3,9 - 6,7 | mpaka 8,0 |
Patatha maola awiri mutadya | 4,4 - 7,8 | mpaka 10,0 |
Usiku (2 - maola 4) | 3,9 - 6,7 | mpaka 10,0 |
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mellitus ayenera kutsatira zigawo za shuga zomwe zimakhala ndi anthu athanzi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwakutali kokhala ndi matenda ashuga kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda osachiritsika (kuwonongeka kwa ziwongo za impso, miyendo, maso).
- Ndi matenda a shuga a mellitus omwe amapezeka muubwana kapena zaka zazing'ono, osagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, pamakhala mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi matenda osatha mkati mwa zaka 20 mpaka 30.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga atatha zaka 50 amatha kukhala ndi shuga yayikulu, chifukwa matenda osatha sangakhale ndi nthawi yokhazikika kapena yomwe ingayambitse imfa yachilengedwe ya munthu. Akuluakulu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira mtundu wa glucose 9 - 10 mmol / L. Mishuga ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali yoposa 10 mmol / L imatsogolera pakupita kwadzidzidzi kwa matenda osachiritsika.
Madzulo mlingo wa insulin. Kubaya nthawi
- Kwa odwala omwe sagwiritsa ntchito koyamba - njira yotsatsira insulini, osavomerezeka kuti aperekedwe jekeseni kumapeto kwa 10 pm, chifukwa kuwombera kwa maola 11 kumabweretsa chiwonetsero chachikulu cha ntchito ya insulin yayitali koloko m'mawa, pomwe odwala matenda ashuga adzagona ndipo sangathe kuwongolera mkhalidwe wake . Ndikwabwino ngati nsonga ya insulini isanachitike 12 koloko madzulo (jekeseni iyenera kuchitidwa 9 koloko) ndipo odwala matenda ashuga ali osagona.
- Kwa odwala omwe akuchita zozizira zamankhwala a bolus, nthawi yakudya yamadzulo sikugwira ntchito yayikulu, chifukwa mosasamala nthawi yankhomayo, mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala a insulin omwe sangayambitse kuchepa kwa shuga m'mimba usiku komanso m'mimba yopanda kanthu.
Mlingo wa glucose pamene mlingo ndi wochepa kwambiri kuti muchepetse shuga:
Nthawi (maola) | Mlingo wa glucose, mol / l |
20.00 - 22.00 | 16 |
24.00 | 10 |
2.00 | 12 |
8.00 | 13 |
Mlingo wokwera kwambiri kuti muchepetse shuga:
Nthawi (maola) | Mlingo wa glucose, mol / l |
20.00 - 22.00 | 16 |
24.00 | 10 |
2.00 | 3 |
8.00 | 4 |
Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa hypoglycemia ndi chifukwa chakuti thupi limamasula shuga m'magazi a chiwindi, ndikudzipulumutsa ku dontho lakuthwa la shuga. Malire omwe hypoglycemia imalowera ndi osiyana ndi odwala matenda ashuga, ena amakhala ndi 3 mm mm / l, ena ali ndi 6-7 mmol / l. Chilichonse ndi payekha.
Zimayambitsa High shuga
Mchere wambiri womwe umakhala wokwezeka kwambiri kuposa wabwinobwino umatha kuphatikizidwa ndi chimfine wamba, njira yotupa yomwe imachitika m'thupi mutatha kudya chakudya cholemera. Pali njira ziwiri zochepetsera:
- Zowonjezera insulin;
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
Mlingoinsul. = 18 (SahN-SahK) / (1500 / Dosetsiku) = (SahN-SahK) / (83.5 / Dosetsiku),
komwe CaxH ndi shuga asanadye;
Shuga - shuga msanga pambuyo chakudya;
Mlingotsiku - tsiku lonse la insulin ya wodwala.
Mwachitsanzo, kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa insulin yokwanira tsiku lililonse la matenda a 32 PESCES, kuchuluka kwa shuga musanadye - 14 mmol / L ndi kufunika kochepetsera kuchuluka kwa shuga mutatha kudya mpaka 8 mmol / L (SahK), timapeza:
Mlingoinsul = (14-8)/(83,5/32) = 2,
izi zikutanthauza kuti pa kuchuluka kwa insulin, yowerengedwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya, muyenera kuwonjezera ziwonetsero ziwiri. Ngati chisonyezo chonse cha zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa pa nkhomaliro ndi magawo anayi a mkate, ndiye kuti magawo 8 a insulin yochepa akutsatira. Koma ndi shuga wokwezeka kwambiri, musanadye kale kale 14 mmol / l, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera ma 2 PIECES a insulin ku 8 PIECES. Chifukwa chake, jakisoni wa magawo 10 amaperekedwa.
Ngati kwa munthu wathanzi lino ndi njira yanthawi zonse yomwe imayambira kumayambiriro kwa tsikulo, kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'mawa kumawopseza ndi hyperglycemia. Chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mawa ndichinthu chosowa komanso chosasintha. Zonse zomwe zitha kuchitidwa kuti shuga azisintha ndikukhazikitsa maola 5 - 6 m'ma m'mawa muyezo wowonjezera wa insulin "yochepa" pazigawo za 2 - 6.