Apidra SoloStar ndi njira yothetsera kupangira majakisoni onunkhira. Omwe amapangira mankhwalawa ndi Glulisin, amene amakhala ngati chiwongola dzanja cha anthu.
Hormone iyi imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira ma genetic. Mphamvu ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito kofanana ndi mphamvu ya zochita za insulin ya anthu, chifukwa chake Apidra imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kutulutsa matenda a glycemia mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.
Zambiri
Apidra, ngakhale imawerengedwa ngati njira yowonjezera ya mahomoni amunthu, imadziwika ndi zotsatira zachangu komanso zosatenga nthawi yayitali poyerekeza ndi izo. Mankhwala a pharmacological amaperekedwa mu radar system (registry ya mankhwala) ngati insulin yochepa.
Apidra ndi yankho logwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa subcutaneous.
Kuphatikiza pazomwe zimagwira (glulisin), mankhwalawa ali ndi zina monga:
- polysorbate 20 (monolaurate);
- sodium hydroxide;
- trometamol (ovomereza proton);
- sodium kolorayidi;
- kresol;
- asidi (wozama) hydrochloric.
Njira yothetsera mankhwalawa imayikidwa m'makalata okhala ndi 3 ml, omwe amaikidwa mu cholembera ndipo sangathe kusintha. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusunga mankhwalawo mufiriji popanda kuwuwonetsa kuzizira ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa. Ripeni wa syringe 2 maola jekeseni woyamba asanakhale m'chipinda ndi kutentha kwa chipinda.
Mtengo wa zolembera 5 zamankhwala ndi pafupifupi rubles 2000. Mtengo womwe umalimbikitsa wopanga ukhoza kusiyana ndi mitengo yeniyeni.
Makhalidwe a pharmacological
Apidra adalembedwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azisintha glycemia. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa gawo la mahomoni mu kapangidwe kake, kufunika kwa chidziwitso cha glucose m'magazi kumatsika.
Kutsika kwa shuga kumayamba mkati mwa ola limodzi pambuyo povulala. Jakisoni wambiri wa insulin yakuchokera kwa anthu ndi yankho la Apidra ali ndi zotsatira zofanana pazikhalidwe za glycemia.
Pambuyo jekeseni, njira zotsatirazi zimakhazikitsidwa m'thupi:
- kupanga shuga kumalepheretsa chiwindi;
- lipolysis imapanikizika m'maselo omwe amapanga minofu ya adipose;
- pali kukhathamiritsa kwa kaphatikizidwe wa mapuloteni;
- kukoka kwa glucose mu zotumphukira zimakhala.
- kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni kumaponderezedwa.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wochitidwa pakati pa anthu athanzi komanso odwala matenda ashuga, jakisoni wofikira wa mahomoni Apidra samangochepetsa nthawi yodikirira zotsatira, komanso amafupikitsa nthawi yotsatirayo. Ichi chimasiyanitsa timadzi tambiri ndi insulin yaumunthu.
Ntchito ya hypoglycemic ndiyofanana onse mu hormone Apidra komanso insulin ya anthu. Mayesero osiyanasiyana azachipatala adachitidwa kuti awonetsetse momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira. Amakhudzanso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba. Zotsatira zomwe tidapeza zidatilola kuganiza kuti yankho la Glulisin mu 0,15 U / kg, yolumikizidwa mphindi ziwiri asanadye chakudya, zimapangitsa kuwunika kwa glucose pambuyo pa maola awiri ndendende ndi monga momwe jakisoni wa insulin wa munthu amachitikira theka la ola.
Apidra imasungiranso zomwe zimachitika mwachangu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
Zoyesa zamankhwala zomwe zimachitika pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda zimadalira poyerekeza katundu wa Glulisin ndi Lizpro. Kwa milungu 26, mahomoni okhala ndi zinthuzi amaperekedwa kwa odwala. Glargin adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko oyambira. Nthawi yomaliza ikamaliza, kusintha kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated kunayesedwa.
Odwala omwe ali ndi masabata a 26 amawonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa glycemia wogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Kuwunikira kunawonetsa kuti mankhwala a insulini ndi Glulisin poyerekeza ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi Lizpro sanafune kuwonjezeka pa mulingo wa mahomoni akuluakulu.
Gawo lachitatu loyesa lidatenga milungu 12. Zimakhudza odzipereka ochokera kwa anthu odwala matenda a shuga omwe adabayira Glargin.
Zotsatira zake zinawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito yankho ndi gawo la Glulisin mutamaliza kudya kunali kothandiza monga momwe munabayirira musanadye.
Momwemonso, mwanzeru kugwiritsa ntchito Apidra (ndi mahomoni ofanana) adatsimikiziridwa poyerekeza ndi insulin yaumunthu, yoyendetsedwa theka la ola lisanakhazikitsidwe.
Odwala omwe adatenga nawo mayesowo adagawika m'magulu awiri:
- omwe akutsogolera Apidra;
- odwala matenda ashuga, kuchititsa insulin mankhwala kudzera jakisoni wa munthu mahomoni.
Zotsatira za mayeso azachipatala zinabweretsa kuti zotsatira zakuchepetsa glycated hemoglobin zinali zokulirapo pagulu loyamba la omwe anali nawo.
Type 2 shuga
Kafukufuku wachitatu 3 akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa glycemia mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 adachitika kwa milungu 26. Atamaliza, mayesero ena azachipatala adatsata, omwe adatenga nthawi imodzimodzi nthawi yawo yayitali.
Ntchito yawo inali kudziwa chitetezo kuchokera kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa Apidra, yoyendetsedwa pakadutsa mphindi 15 asanadye, komanso insulin yaumunthu, yoperekedwa kwa odwala mphindi 30 kapena 45.
Insulin yayikulu mwa onse omwe anali nawo anali Isofan. Mlozera wapakati wa otenga nawo mbali anali 34,55 kg / m². Odwala ena adamwa mankhwala ena pakamwa, kwinaku akupitiliza kuperekera timadzi mu mankhwala osinthika.
Hormid Apidra idafanana ndi insulin yakuwonekera kwa munthu pakuwunika mphamvu ya hemoglobin ya glycated kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi miyezi 12 yofanana ndi mtengo woyambira.
Chizindikirocho chasintha m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira motere:
- Odwala kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ya anthu - 0,30%;
- Odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulini yokhala ndi Glulizin - 0,46%.
Sinthani chizindikiro pakatha chaka choyesera:
- Odwala kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ya anthu - 0,13%;
- Odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulini yokhala ndi Glulisin - 0,23%.
Kuchita bwino, komanso chitetezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa zochokera ku Glulisin, sizinasinthe mwa anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso osiyana amuna.
Magulu Opatsa Odwala
Zochita za Apidra zimatha kusintha ngati odwala ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga:
- Kulephera kwina. Muzochitika zotere, pali kuchepa kwa kufunika kwa mahomoni.
- Matenda a chiwindi. Zotsatira za othandizira okhala ndi Glulisin okhala ndi odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zotere sizinaphunzire.
Palibe deta pakusintha kwa pharmacokinetic mwa okalamba odwala. Mu ana ndi achinyamata a zaka 7 mpaka 16, akuvutika ndi matenda amtundu 1, mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa msanga pambuyo povomerezeka.
Kupanga jakisoni wa Apidra musanadye kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi glycemia wabwinobwino mukatha kudya poyerekeza ndi insulin.
Zizindikiro ndi mlingo
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya mankhwala ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulin. Gulu la odwala omwe amapatsidwa mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo ana opitirira zaka 6.
Njira yokhala ndi Glulisin iyenera kutumikiridwa mukangodya chakudya kapena itangotsala pang'ono kale. Apidra amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin mankhwala kapena othandizira nthawi yayitali, komanso ma analogu. Kuphatikiza apo, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena a hypoglycemic pamodzi ndi jakisoni a mahomoni. Mlingo wa jekeseni wa Apidra uyenera kutumizidwa ndi adokotala okha.
Chithandizo cha matendawa chikuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri. Sizoletsedwa popanda kusintha kwa mankhwala aliwonse, makamaka jakisoni wa insulin, komanso kuletsa mankhwalawo kapena kusinthira ku mitundu ina ya mahomoni popanda kuvomerezedwa ndi endocrinologist.
Komabe, pali zitsanzo za insulini zochotsera mwachitsanzo zamahomoni osakhalitsa. Zimatanthawuza kuwerengera kwofunikira kwa kuchuluka kwa mikate yomwe amadya patsiku (1 XE yofanana ndi 12 g yamafuta).
Chofunikira cha mahormoni:
- kuphimba 1 XE pakudya cham'mawa, zigawo ziwiri ziyenera kudulidwa .;
- pa nkhomaliro muyenera mayunitsi 1.5 .;
- madzulo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi XE kumawerengedwa kuti ndiofanana, ndiye 1: 1, motsatana.
Kusunga shuga m'magawo olipidwa, komanso glycemia wabwinobwino ndikubwinobwino, ngati mumayang'anira shuga nthawi zonse. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa kutenga miyezo pa mita ndikuwerengera kuti pakufunika kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuti apange jakisoni molingana ndi kuchuluka kwakukonzekera kwa XE yomwe ingatenge.
Njira Zoyang'anira
Apidra solution yothetsera jakisoni imalowetsedwa pakhungu ngati cholembera chagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muzochitika zomwe odwala amagwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin, wothandizirayo amalowa kudzera mwa kulowetsedwa kosatha m'deralo ndi mafuta osunthika.
Mfundo zofunika kuzidziwa musanabaye:
- Njira yothetsera vutoli imalowetsedwa m'dera la ntchafu, phewa, koma nthawi zambiri m'malo ozungulira navel pamimba.
- Mukakhazikitsa pampu, mankhwalawa amayenera kulowa m'matumbo am'mimba.
- Masamba obayira ayenera kusintha.
- Kuthamanga ndi kutalika kwa mayamwidwe, kuyambika kwake kumadalira gawo la jakisoni wa yankho, komanso katundu amene wachitika.
- Osamayesa gawo lomwe yankho lake idalowetsedwa kuti isalowe m'matumba.
- Zingwe zopangidwa m'mimba zimatsimikizira kuyambika msanga kwa jakisoni kuposa jakisoni wamagawo ena.
- Apidra ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi hormone Isofan.
Yankho la Apidra lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pump pump sayenera kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala ena ofanana. Malangizo a chipangizochi ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira pakugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi.
Zambiri pazakanema zamapampu a insulin:
Zotsatira zoyipa
Pa chithandizo cha insulin, matenda opatsirana amatha kuchitika. Kukhazikika kwa zizindikiro za neuropsychiatric nthawi zambiri kumayambitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magazi. M'malo mwake, mawonetseredwe oterewa ndi chikhalidwe cha hypoglycemia.
Vutoli limachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mlingo wosankhidwa mosayenera kapena chakudya cholakwika chomwe chimadyedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi.
Ngati hypoglycemia imachitika, wodwalayo sasintha ngati njira zoyenera sizitengedwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta angapo.
Wodwala akamavutikanso kuluma, amakhala ndi mwayi wolimba kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zadzikoli. Kupanda kutero, chikomokere chikhoza kuchitika, ndizosatheka kuti mutuluke popanda thandizo la kuchipatala. Odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli ayenera kuyamwa jakisoni.
Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe ndi khungu
M'madera a jakisoni, zimachitika monga:
- kuyabwa
- hyperemia;
- kutupa.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimafotokozedwazo nthawi zambiri zimangokhala zokha ndipo sizikufuna kusiya kumwa mankhwala.
Mavuto okhudzana ndi metabolism akufotokozedwa pakupanga hypoglycemia, yomwe imayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kutopa
- kufooka ndi kumva wotopa
; - zosokoneza zowoneka;
- kugona
- tachycardia;
- kulumikizana;
- kumverera kwa mutu;
- thukuta lozizira;
- maonekedwe osazindikirika, komanso kuwonongeka kwathunthu.
;Kukhazikitsidwa kwa yankho popanda kusintha madera omwe amapangika kumatha kubweretsa lipodystrophy. Ndikukhudzidwa kwa minyewa yomwe imakumana ndi zoopsa ndipo zimafotokozedwera zotupa za atrophic.
Mavuto ambiri
Zovuta zamachitidwe munthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndizosowa.
Kupezeka kwawo kumayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- mphumu
; - urticaria;
- kumverera kwa kuyabwa;
- dermatitis chifukwa cha ziwengo.
;Nthawi zina, zovuta zina zomwe zimayikidwa m'mavuto zimatha kuyika moyo wa wodwala pangozi.
Odwala apadera
Jekeseni yothetsera vutoli liyenera kuperekedwa kwa amayi mosamala kwambiri. Kuwongolera kwa glycemia mu chimango cha chithandizo chotere kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi.
Malangizo ofunikira a insulin kwa amayi oyembekezera:
- Mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a matendawa, umafunika kusungabe glycemia pamlingo woyenera panthawi yonse yovomerezeka.
- Mlingo wa magawo omwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa amachepetsa mu trimester yoyamba ndikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira miyezi 4 yamayi.
- Pambuyo pobereka, kufunikira kwa mahomoni, kuphatikizapo Apidra, kumachepetsedwa. Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amafunikira kusiya mankhwala a insulin atabereka.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kulowa kwa mahomoni ndi gawo la Glulisin mkaka wa m'mawere sanachitike. Kutengera ndi zomwe zalembedwa mu ndemanga za amayi oyamwitsa omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, nthawi yonse yovomerezeka, muyenera kuyimilira kapena mothandizidwa ndi madokotala kuti musinthe mlingo wa insulin ndi zakudya.
Apidra sinafotokozeredwe ana osakwana zaka 6. Palibe chidziwitso chachipatala pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pagulu la odwala.
