Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Mankhwala aliwonse amatha kukhala ovulaza ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma pathologies omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chakufa.
Izi zikuphatikiza mankhwala opangidwa ndi insulin. Pakati pawo pali insulin yotchedwa Aspart. Muyenera kudziwa mawonekedwe a mahomoni kuti chithandizo nawo azitha kukhala othandiza kwambiri.
Zambiri
Dzina lamalonda la mankhwalawa ndi NovoRapid. Ndiwachiwerengero cha ma insulin omwe ali ndi kanthawi kochepa, amathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Madokotala amamulembera odwala omwe amadwala matenda a shuga. Yogwira ntchito ya mankhwala ndi insulin Aspart. Vutoli limafanana kwambiri ndi momwe limakhalira ndi mahomoni amunthu, ngakhale limapangidwa ndimapangidwe.
Aspart imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a yankho lomwe limayendetsedwa mosagwirizana kapena kudzera m'mitsetse. Ili ndi yankho la magawo awiri (soluble insulin Aspart ndi ma protein a protamine).
Kuphatikiza pazinthu zazikulu, pakati pazigawo zake zimatha kutchedwa:
- madzi
- phenol;
- sodium kolorayidi;
- glycerol;
- hydrochloric acid;
- sodium hydroxide;
- zinc;
- metacresol;
- sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate.
Insulin Aspart imagawidwa mu mbale 10 ml. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumaloledwa pokhapokha ngati wodwala akupita komanso mogwirizana ndi malangizo.
Mankhwala
Asparta ili ndi vuto la hypoglycemic. Zimachitika pamene gawo logwira ntchito limalumikizana ndi insulin receptors mumaselo a adipose minofu ndi minofu.
Izi zimathandizira kuthamanga kwa shuga pakati pama cell, omwe amachepetsa kuyika kwake m'magazi. Chifukwa cha mankhwalawa, minofu ya mthupi imagwiritsa ntchito glucose mwachangu kwambiri. Chitsogozo china chokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa ndikuchepetsa njira yopanga shuga m'magazi.
Mankhwala amathandizira glycogenogeneis ndi lipogeneis. Komanso, zikagwiritsidwa, mapuloteni amapangidwa mwachangu.
Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kufulumira. Jakisoni atapangidwa, ziwalo zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimatengedwa ndi maselo amisempha minofu. Njirayi imayamba mphindi 10-20 pambuyo pa kubayidwa. Mphamvu kwambiri imatha kuchitika pambuyo maola 1.5-2. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa nthawi yayitali pafupifupi maora 5.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito
Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtundu 1 komanso matenda a shuga a 2. Koma izi zikuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati akuwongolera dokotala. Katswiri ayenera kuphunzira chithunzithunzi cha matendawa, kudziwa momwe thupi la wodwalayo alimbikitsira njira zina zochizira.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yayikulu yothandizira. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, amadziwikiridwa kuti palibe zotsatira zamankhwala omwe amakamwa am'magazi a hypoglycemic.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa, otsimikiza ndi dokotala. Amawerengetsanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo, makamaka ndi 0.5-1 UNITS pa 1 kg yolemera. Kuwerengera kumakhazikitsidwa pakuwunika kwa magazi pazomwe zili ndi shuga. Wodwala amayenera kupenda mkhalidwe wake ndikufotokozera zovuta zilizonse kwa dotolo kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa munthawi yake.
Mankhwalawa adapangira subcutaneous makonda. Nthawi zina jekeseni wamkati amatha kuperekedwa, koma izi zimachitika kokha mothandizidwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala.
Kukhazikitsa mankhwala nthawi zambiri kumachitika kamodzi patsiku, musanadye kapena mutangomaliza kudya. Zingwe zimayikidwa paphewa, khoma lakunja lam'mimba kapena matako. Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa lipodystrophy, nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufuna kusankha malo atsopano.
Maphunziro a kanema wa syringe-cholembera insulin
Contraindators ndi malire
Pokhudzana ndi mankhwala aliwonse, zotsutsana ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zisawononge thanzi la munthu. Ndi kusankhidwa kwa Aspart, izi ndizofunikanso. Mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsutsana zochepa.
Chachikulu kwambiri ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Cholepheretsa china ndicho zaka zochepa za wodwalayo. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi zaka zosakwana 6, muyenera kupewa kumwa mankhwalawa, chifukwa sizikudziwika kuti zingakhudze bwanji thupi la ana.
Palinso zolephera zina. Ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemia, ayenera kusamala. Mlingo wake pakufunika kutsitsa ndikuwongolera njira ya mankhwalawa. Ngati zizindikiro zoyipa zikapezeka, ndibwino kukana kumwa mankhwalawo.
Mlingo umafunikanso kusinthidwa popereka mankhwala kwa achikulire. Kusintha kokhudzana ndi ukalamba m'thupi lawo kumatha kubweretsa kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zamkati, chifukwa chake zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimasintha.
Zomwezi zitha kunenedwa za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, chifukwa omwe insulin imayamwa kwambiri, yomwe ingayambitse hypoglycemia. Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa anthu otere, koma mlingo wake uyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga kuyenera kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi.
Zotsatira zamankhwala zomwe zimafunsidwa pamimba sizinaphunzire. Mu maphunziro a nyama, zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimachokera ku chinthuchi zimangoyambika pokhazikitsa Mlingo waukulu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi yapakati kumaloledwa. Koma izi zimayenera kuchitika pokhapokha poyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito pachipatala ndikuwongolera nthawi zonse.
Pakudyetsa mwana mkaka wa m'mawere, Aspart amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zina - ngati phindu kwa mayi limaposa chiwopsezo cha mwana.
Palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chomwe chapezeka mu kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi momwe kapangidwe kake kamankhwala amakhudzira mtundu wa mkaka wa m'mawere.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mosamala muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Zotsatira zoyipa
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwathunthu kungatchedwa kotetezeka kwa odwala. Koma ngati sizikugwirizana ndi malangizo azachipatala, komanso chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika m'thupi la wodwalayo, zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Hypoglycemia. Zimayambitsa insulini yambiri mthupi, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika kwambiri. Kupatuka uku ndi kowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa pakalibe chithandizo chamankhwala chapanthawi yake, wodwalayo amayang'anizana ndi imfa.
- Zokhudza kwanuko. Amawoneka ngati okwiyitsa kapena chifuwa pamasamba a jakisoni. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale kuyabwa, kutupa ndi kufiyanso.
- Zosokoneza. Amatha kukhala osakhalitsa, koma nthawi zina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin, kuwona kwa wodwalayo kumatha kuwonongeka kwambiri, komwe sikungasinthe.
- Lipodystrophy. Kupezeka kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi kuphwanya kwamtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa. Kuti mupewe izi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti kubayidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana.
- Ziwengo. Mawonekedwe ake ali osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta komanso zowopsa kwa wodwala.
Muzochitika zonsezi, ndikofunikira kuti adokotala amuunikire ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo kapena kusiya zonse.
Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, bongo, analogi
Mukamamwa mankhwala aliwonse, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa adokotala za iwo, chifukwa mankhwala ena sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi.
Nthawi zina, kusamala kungafunike - kuwunikira ndi kuwunika pafupipafupi. Pangakhalebe kufunika kosintha kwa mlingo.
Mlingo wa Aspart insulin uyenera kuchepetsedwa panthawi ya mankhwala ndi mankhwala monga:
- mankhwala a hypoglycemic;
- mankhwala okhala ndi mowa;
- anabolic steroids;
- ACE zoletsa;
- tetracyclines;
- sulfonamides;
- Fenfluramine;
- Pyridoxine;
- Theofylline.
Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa ntchito ya mankhwala omwe amafunsidwa, chifukwa chake njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga imakulitsidwa m'thupi la munthu. Ngati mlingo sunachepe, hypoglycemia imatha kuchitika.
Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mankhwalawa kumawonedwa ndikuphatikizidwa ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- ma thiuretics;
- sympathomimetics;
- mitundu ina ya mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa;
- njira zakulera za mahomoni;
- glucocorticosteroids.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, kusintha kwa mlingo kumafunika pamwamba.
Palinso mankhwala omwe amatha kuwonjezeka ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwalawa. Izi zimaphatikizapo salicylates, beta-blockers, reserpine, mankhwala okhala ndi lifiyamu.
Nthawi zambiri, ndalama izi zimayesetsa kuti zisaphatikize ndi Aspart insulin. Ngati kuphatikiza kotereku sikungapewedwe, onse dokotala ndi wodwala ayenera kusamala makamaka ndi zomwe zimachitika mthupi.
Ngati mankhwalawa agwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe dokotala angagwiritsire, ndiye kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayamba kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri zochitika zosasangalatsa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusasamala kwa wodwalayo, ngakhale nthawi zina vutoli limatha kukhala machitidwe a thupi.
Ngati bongo wambiri, hypoglycemia ya zovuta zosiyanasiyana zimachitika. Nthawi zina, maswiti okoma kapena supuni ya shuga amatha kuchepetsa zovuta zake.
Kufunika m'malo mwa Aspart kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana: kusalolera, mavuto, kutsutsana kapena kuvuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Dokotala amatha kusintha mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsatirawa:
- Protafan. Maziko ake ndi insulin Isofan. Mankhwala ndi kuyimitsidwa komwe kuyenera kuperekedwa mwachangu.
- Novomiks. Mankhwalawa amachokera ku insulin Aspart. Imakhazikitsidwa ngati kuyimitsidwa kwa makonzedwe pansi pa khungu.
- Apidra. Mankhwala ndi yankho la jakisoni. Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito ndi insulin glulisin.
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala omwe angathe kubayidwa, adokotala amatha kupatsa mankhwala osokoneza. Koma kusankha kuyenera kukhala kwa katswiri kuti pasakhale mavuto ena azaumoyo.
