Odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awo, chifukwa chilichonse cholakwika chitha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu, kuphatikizapo retinopathy. Mkhalidwe uwu umadziwika ndi kutayika pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwamaso, kuwonekera kwa chithunzicho chowoneka kapena mawonekedwe a chophimba pamaso pa maso. Komabe, ndi funso la zoyenera kuchita ngati masomphenya agwera ndi matenda ashuga, anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga sathamangira kukaonana ndi dotolo ndikuyesera okha kuti athetse vuto lawo. Koma kuchita izi m'magulu sikungatheke, chifukwa kuchita zamasewera pamenepa kungapangitse kuti masomphenyawo awoneke kwambiri.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamaone
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ochitika mwadongosolo momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse kumakhala kwakukulu. Izi zimasokoneza dongosolo lamatumbo - makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi ma capillaries amakhala oonda, amatayika komanso amakhala owonongeka. Potengera maziko awa, kufalikira kwa magazi kumasokonezeka, chifukwa chake michere imalowa m'maselo ndi minyewa ya thupi.
Mwa zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda asaonekere m'matenda a shuga, matenda otsatirawa amatha kusiyanitsidwa:
- glaucoma
- mphira.
Matenda a maso awa amapezekanso nthawi zambiri m'mayendedwe a matenda ashuga, komanso amatengera kuvutika kwa magazi. Koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti kuchepa pang'ono m'maso kumatha kuwonedwa mwa wodwala nthawi ndi nthawi pakakhala kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Potere, pofuna kusintha momwe alili, pamafunika kuchita zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zizindikiro zoyambira ndi chizindikiro
Kusintha ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo za ocular mu shuga mellitus kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake, pamagawo oyambira opanga njirazi, wodwalayo samazindikira kusintha kwakanthawi. Kwa zaka zingapo, masomphenya amatha kukhala abwino, kupweteka komanso zizindikiro zina zakusokonekera kungakhale kusapezeka kwathunthu.
Ndikofunika kulabadira zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwonongeka kwakanthawi munthawi yake, popeza iyi ndi njira yokhayo yopewetserani zina
Ndipo pamene matenda a pathological afika kale pagawo lina lakukhula kwawo, wodwalayo amatha kuwona zotsatirazi:
- chophimba pamaso pa maso;
- "mawanga" akuda kapena "tsekwe" pamaso pa maso;
- zovuta zowerengera zomwe sizinawonedwe kale.
Izi ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti matenda am'mimba adayamba kale kupita patsogolo ndipo ndi nthawi yoti athane nawo. Koma nthawi zambiri, anthu ambiri omwe amadwala matenda ashuga sawonetsa kufunika kwa kusintha kumeneku pakuwona ndipo samachita chilichonse.
Komabe, kupitirira apo zimakulirakulira. Kuwona kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira minyewa ya m'maso, kumutu kumawonekera, pamakhala kupweteka m'maso ndikumva kuwuma. Ndipo padakali pano ndi pomwe odwala nthawi zambiri amapita kwa dokotala kukayezetsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azindikire kukula kwa retinopathy.
Njira zakuzindikiritsa zomwe zimachitika kuti zizindikire za matenda m'maso zitha kuphatikizira:
- kuyang'ana maonekedwe ndi kuzindikira malire ake;
- kuyesa kwa ophthalmic kwa fundus pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera;
- muyeso wa intraocular anzawo;
- fundus ultrasound.
Ndi dokotala yekha yemwe angadziwe chomwe chimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa masomphenya komanso ubale wake ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri mavuto amawonedwe amapezeka mwa anthu omwe akhala akudwala matenda a shuga kwa zaka zambiri (zaka 20 kapena kuposerapo). Koma muzochitika zachipatala mwakhala mukuchitika mobwereza bwereza pomwe kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga kumachitika kale motsutsana ndi maziko akhungu.
Matenda a shuga a retinopathy
Diso lakumaso ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana za maselo apadera omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ndi omwe amasinthitsa kuwala kudutsa mandala kukhala chithunzi. Kenako, mitsempha ya maso imalumikizidwa ndi ntchitoyi, yomwe imasinthira zidziwitso kuubongo.
Momwe magazi amayenderera m'magazi am'maso zimasokonekera, amayamba kulandira michere yochepa, chifukwa chomwe kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito za retina ndi mitsempha ya maso kumawonedwa, chifukwa chomwe matenda a shuga amayamba.
Njira mu ziwalo za mashuga retinopathy
Pankhaniyi, kuchepa kwa maonedwe achuity kumachitika chifukwa cha kukakamira kwazowonjezera zamkati, kuwonongeka kwa capillaries ndi mapeto amitsempha. Mkhalidwe uwu wamankhwala umatchedwa microangiopathy, womwe umapezekanso ndi matenda a impso. Pankhaniyo matendawa akakhudza ziwiya zazikulu, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za macroangiopathy, yomwe imaphatikizaponso zochitika monga kupindika kwa myocardial ndi stroke.
Ndipo kafukufuku wambiri watsimikizira kulumikizana komwe kumachitika pakati pa matenda ashuga komanso kukula kwa microangiopathy, kotero yankho lokhalo pakuchizira matendawa ndi kuchepetsa matenda omwe ali ndi shuga. Ngati izi sizichitika, retinopathy imangopita patsogolo.
Pofotokoza za matendawa, ziyenera kudziwika:
Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi zizindikiro zake- ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga, retinopathy angayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mitsempha ya maso ndi kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa mawonekedwe;
- Kutalika kwa nthawi ya matenda ashuga, kumawonjezera vuto lakumawona;
- ngati mulibe chidwi ndi chitukuko cha retinopathy munthawi yake ndipo simutenga njira zochizira, ndiye kuti ndizosatheka kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwathunthu;
- Nthawi zambiri, retinopathy imapezeka mwa okalamba, mwa ana aang'ono ndi anthu azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 48 zimayamba kamodzikamodzi.
Odwala ambiri nthawi zambiri amadzifunsa kuti: momwe angatetezere maso awo ku matenda ashuga? Ndipo kuchita izi ndikosavuta. Ndikokwanira kuchezerako pafupipafupi ndi ophthalmologist ndikutsatira malingaliro ake onse, komanso pafupipafupi kuchitapo kanthu kuti muthane ndi shuga.
Kafukufuku wachipatala adatsimikizira mobwerezabwereza kuti ngati wodwala akhala ndi njira yolondola, alibe zizolowezi zoyipa, amatenga mankhwala pafupipafupi ndikuyendera ophthalmologist, ndiye kuti matenda amaso omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatsitsidwa ndi 70%.
Magawo a retinopathy
Pazonse, magawo anayi a retinopathy amasiyanitsidwa:
- kumbuyo retinopathy;
- maculopathy;
- kuchuluka retinopathy;
- mphira.
Magawo a chitukuko cha matenda ashuga retinopathy
Backin retinopathy
Vutoli limadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa capillaries yaying'ono ya fundus komanso kusintha kwa dzanja. Chachilendo chake ndikuti samadziwonetsa mwanjira iliyonse. Ndipo popewa kusintha kwa retinopathy yam'mbuyo ku mitundu ina ya matendawa, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Maculopathy
Pakadali pano chitukuko cha matendawa, wodwalayo amapezeka ndi zotupa za macula, zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakuwona munthu padziko lonse lapansi kudzera pa chithunzichi. Ndi nthawi iyi ya retinopathy kuti, monga lamulo, pamakhala kuchepa kowoneka bwino m'mashuga.
Proliferative retinopathy
Izi zimadziwika ndi kuperewera kwa okosijeni ku ziwiya zomwe zimapatsa ziwalo za ocular, chifukwa chomwe zombo zatsopano zimayamba kupanga pamphumi kumbuyo kwa fundus yomwe imatsogolera ku kuwonongeka kwake.
Mphaka
Zotsatira zamachitidwe onse omwe ali pamwambapa, cataract imayamba kukulira, yomwe imadziwika ndi khungu la mandala, ikakhala yabwinobwino imawoneka bwino. Magalasi akayamba kuzimiririka, kuthekera kwakumayang'ana chithunzicho ndi kusiyanitsa pakati pazinthu kumachepa, chifukwa chomwe munthuyo amalephera kuwona.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga, matenda amkati amadziwika kawirikawiri kuposa anthu athanzi, ndipo amadziwonetsa ndi zizindikiro monga zithunzi zosasangalatsa komanso kuwona kopanda chiyembekezo. Chithandizo cha mankhwala chamatumbo sichimachitika, chifukwa sichimapereka zotsatira. Kubwezeretsa masomphenya, kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni kumafunikira, pomwe ma ndolo osauka amadzalanso ndi kulowetsa. Koma zitatha izi, wodwalayo amayenera kuvala magalasi nthawi zonse kapena magalasi.
Chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe khungu lamaso limawonera
Nthawi zambiri ndi zovuta zovuta za retinopathy mu odwala matenda ashuga, kupezeka kwa magazi kukha mwazi. Chipinda chamkati chamaso chimadzaza ndi magazi, omwe amafunika kuwonjezeka kwa katundu ziwalo zam'maso ndikuchepa kowonekera m'masiku angapo. Ngati magazi amatupa ndipo chipinda chonse chakunja kwa diso chimadzaza ndi magazi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala, popeza pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha kutayika kwathunthu kwa mawonekedwe.
Chithandizo
Ndi kukula kwa retinopathy mu matenda ashuga, njira zonse zochizira zimayamba ndikusintha zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikuwonjezera kagayidwe. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala apadera amatha kutumikiridwa omwe amayenera kumwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi chiwembu chomwe adokotala adapereka.
Kuphatikiza apo, odwala amafunikira kuyang'anira shuga wawo wamagazi, kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, ndi kuperekanso jakisoni wa insulin. Koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti njira zonsezi zimagwira ntchito pokhapokha magawo oyambirira a retinopathy. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi zowonongeka zowoneka bwino, ndiye kuti njira zakugwirira ntchito sizogwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa sizimapereka zotsatira.
Pankhaniyi, laser kukokoloka kwa retina, komwe kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tulo, kumapereka zotsatira zabwino zochizira. Njira iyi imakhala yopweteka kwambiri kwa wodwalayo ndipo simumapitilira mphindi 5. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira kwa magazi ndi kusokonekera kwa mitsempha, kufunikira kwa kupangika kwa laser kumatha kuchitika mobwerezabwereza.
Ngati wodwalayo apezeka ndi matenda a diabetesic glaucoma, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amachitika motere:
- zamankhwala - mavitamini apadera okhala ndi mavitamini ndi madontho amaso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa maso ndikuwonjezera mamvekedwe a mtima;
- opaleshoni - pamenepa, mankhwala a laser kapena vitlimomy amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Opaleshoni ndiye chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri matenda a maso ndi matenda ashuga
Vitrectomy ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni yoyeserera yomwe imagwira pamatumbo mu galasi la vitreous, kufinya kwa retina, kapena kuvulala kwa visualzer. Kuphatikiza apo, vitrectomy imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pomwe sikutheka kubwezeretsanso magwiridwe antchito am'maso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zamankhwala. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ululu.
Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati njira ya shuga ikuwonekera ndi kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kukoka nthawi. Zokha, izi sizingathe, mtsogolomo, masomphenya akuchulukira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala munthawi yake ndikuwunika ndalama. Kusankha koyenera pamenepa ndikutsatira malingaliro onse a adokotala, kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino ndikuwunikira nthawi zonse chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.
