Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a endocrine system, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kwa insulin (pancreatic hormone). Zotsatira zake ndimasinthidwe pamigawo yonse ya kagayidwe kachakudya, makamaka pamagawo a chakudya, ndikusokoneza kwina kwa mtima ndi mtsempha wamagazi, kugaya kwam'mimba, dongosolo lamanjenje ndi kwamikodzo.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda: kudalira-insulin komanso osadalira insulin. Awa ndi mikhalidwe iwiri yosiyana yomwe ili ndi makina otukuka mosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zopsetsa mtima, koma zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizindikiro chachikulu - hyperglycemia (shuga yayikulu magazi).
Kuzindikira matendawa si kovuta. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudutsa mayeso angapo ndikuyesa mayeso a shuga kuti mutsutse kapena mutsimikizire kuti wapezeka.
Chifukwa chiyani pamafunika mayeso?
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti matendawa ndi olondola, endocrinologist imatumiza wodwala kukayezetsa ndi kukakumana ndi njira zina zodziwira, chifukwa popanda izi ndizosatheka kupereka chithandizo. Dotolo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti akunena zoona ndikupeza chitsimikizo cha 100%.
Mayeso a matenda a shuga a mtundu 1 kapena 2 amaperekedwa kuti azichita izi:
- kupanga kuzindikira koyenera;
- Mphamvu yolamulira munthawi ya chithandizo;
- kutsimikiza kwa kusintha kwamasiku opumira ndi kuwonongeka;
- kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a impso ndi kapamba;
- kudziyang'anira pawekha shuga;
- kusankha koyenera mlingo wa mahomoni othandizira (insulin);
- kuwunika mphamvu munthawi ya kulumikizana pamaso pa odwala matenda amiseche kapena kukayikira kwa chitukuko chake;
- Kulongosola za kupezeka kwa zovuta ndi msambo wa chitukuko.
Mayeso a mkodzo
Madzimadzi ndiye michere ya m'thupi yomwe mankhwala oopsa, mchere, ma cell ndi ma organic ovomerezeka amachotsedwako. Kuwerengera kwa zochulukirapo komanso zowonetsa bwino zimatilola kudziwa momwe ziwalo zamkati ndi kachitidwe ka thupi zimakhalira.
Urinalysis ndi chofunikira chofufuzira.
Kusanthula kachipatala kokwanira
Ndiye maziko ozindikira matenda aliwonse. Kutengera ndi zotsatira zake, akatswiri amapereka njira zowonjezera pakufufuzira. Nthawi zambiri, mulibe shuga mumkodzo kapena pang'ono. Mfundo zovomerezeka ndizofika pa 0.8 mol / l. Ndi zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kuganizira za matenda. Kukhalapo kwa shuga pamwazonse kumatchedwa kuti "glucosuria."
Mukodzo wam'mawa umasonkhanitsidwa chimbudzi chokwanira. Kuchulukitsidwa ndikuchimbira kuchimbudzi, pakati mpaka kumatanki osanthula, ndi mbali yotsalazo kupita kuchimbudzi. Mtsuko wowunikira uyenera kukhala woyera komanso wouma. Gawani mkati mwa maola 1.5 mutatha kusonkhanitsa kuti mupewe kupotoza zotsatira.
Kusanthula tsiku ndi tsiku
Limakupatsani mwayi wodziwa zovuta za glucosuria, ndiko kuti, kuopsa kwa matenda. Gawo loyamba la mkodzo mutagona silikumbukiridwa, ndipo kuyambira lachiwiri, limasonkhanitsidwa mchidebe chachikulu, chomwe chimasungidwa nthawi yonse yosonkhanitsa (tsiku) mufiriji. M'mawa wa tsiku lotsatira, mkodzo umaphwanyidwa kotero kuti kuchuluka konse kumakhala ndi magwiridwe ofanana. Payokha, 200 ml amaponyedwa ndipo, limodzi ndi mayendedwe, amaperekedwa ku labotale.
Kudziwitsa kukhalapo kwa matupi a ketone
Matupi a Ketone (acetone mwa anthu wamba) ndi zinthu za kagayidwe kachakudya, mawonekedwe ake omwe mumkodzo amawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda kuchokera kumbali ya chakudya ndi mafuta metabolism. Pakufufuza kwazachipatala, ndizosatheka kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matupi a acetone, motero amalemba kuti sichoncho.
Kafukufuku woyenera amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ena, ngati dokotala amafotokozera kutsimikiza kwa matupi a ketone:
- Njira ya Natelson - sulfuric acid yowonjezera imawonjezeredwa mumkodzo, womwe umathamangitsa acetone. Zimakhudzidwa ndi salicylic aldehyde. Ngati matupi a ketone alipo pamtundu wachilendo, yankho limakhala lofiira.
- Mayeso a Nitroprusside - akuphatikiza mayeso angapo ogwiritsa ntchito sodium nitroprusside. Munjira iriyonse mulipo zosakanizika zina zomwe zimasiyana mosiyana ndi mitundu ina pakupanga mankhwala. Zitsanzo zabwino zimayeretsa mayeso mumithunzi kuchokera kufiira mpaka utoto.
- Kuyesedwa kwa Gerhardt - kuchuluka kwa chloride ochulukirapo kumawonjezeredwa mumkodzo, womwe umatembenuza njira yokhala utoto wa vutoli ndi zotsatira zabwino.
- Kuyesedwa mwachangu kumakhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchito makapisozi okonzedwa kale ndi zingwe zoyesa, zomwe zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala.
Kudziwitsa kwa acetone mu mkodzo ndi mafinya akuwonekera kudzazindikira matenda
Kutsimikiza kwa Microalbumin
Chimodzi mwazomwe amayesa matenda a shuga, omwe amachititsa kupezeka kwa matenda a impso motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda apakhungu. Matenda a diabetes a nephropathy amakula motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, ndipo mu mtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga, kupezeka kwa mapuloteni mumkodzo kungakhale umboni wa mtima wamitsempha yamagazi.
Pozindikira, mkodzo wam'mawa umasonkhanitsidwa. Ngati pali zisonyezo zina, ndiye kuti dokotala amatha kukupatsani zosowa zamasana, m'mawa maola 4 kapena maola 8 usiku. Panthawi yosonkhanitsa, simungathe kumwa mankhwala, pakapita msambo, mkodzo sudzisonkhanitsa.
Kuyesa kwa magazi
Kuwerengera magazi kokwanira kumawonetsa zosintha izi:
- kuchuluka hemoglobin - chizindikiro cha kuchepa kwamadzi;
- Kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha maselo othandiza magazi kuundana chifukwa cha thrombocytopenia kapena thrombocytosis kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa ma concomitant pathologies;
- leukocytosis - chisonyezo cha njira yotupa m'mthupi;
- kusintha kwa hematocrit.
Kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zofufuzira zodalirika, musadye chakudya, muzimwa madzi 8 okha maola musanawunikidwe. Osamamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa tsiku lonse. Musanadzipende nokha, musasambe mano, musagwiritse ntchito chingamu. Ngati mukufunika kumwa mankhwala aliwonse, funsani dokotala wanu kuti amuchotse kwakanthawi.
Kuphatikiza kwamwazi
Limakupatsani mwayi wofufuza momwe shuga amathandizira m'magazi a venous. Pamaso pa matenda a shuga, kuwonjezereka kumawonedwa pamwamba pa 7 mmol / L. Kusanthula kumachitika kamodzi pachaka, mosasamala kanthu kuti wodwalayo amadzilamulira yekha tsiku lililonse.
Pa mankhwalawa, adokotala amakhala ndi chidwi ndi zotsatirazi zamankhwala am'kati mwa matenda ashuga:
- cholesterol - nthawi zambiri imakwezedwa ngati munthu wadwala;
- C-peptide - mtundu wa 1 utachepetsedwa kapena wofanana 0;
- fructosamine - kwambiri;
- triglycides - kwambiri;
- kagayidwe kazakudya mapuloteni - pansi pazotheka;
- insulin - ndi mtundu 1 amachepetsa, ndi 2 - yodziwika kapena yowonjezereka.
Kulekerera kwa glucose
Njira yofufuzira ikuwonetsa kusintha kotani kumene shuga atakula. Masiku angapo isanachitike njirayi, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zochepa zamafuta. Maola 8 asanafike phunziroli, kanizani chakudya.
Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala, atangowunikira, wodwalayo amamwa yankho la glucose kukhala ndi zina zake. Patatha ola limodzi, kuyezetsa magazi kumabwerezedwa. Mu gawo lililonse la mayeso, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsimikizika.
Zotsatira zoyeserera za glucose
Zofunika! Pambuyo pa njirayi, wodwalayo ayenera kudya bwino, onetsetsani kuti akuphatikiza chakudya chamagulu m'zakudya.
Glycated hemoglobin
Njira imodzi yophunzitsira yomwe imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi gawo lomaliza. Amaipereka nthawi yomweyo m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Zomwe odwala ayenera kudziwa
Mnzanu wokhazikika wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 ayenera kukhala glucometer. Ndi thandizo lake kuti mutha kudziwa msanga msanga popanda kulumikizana ndi akatswiri azachipatala.
Kuyesedwa kumachitika kunyumba tsiku lililonse. M'mawa musanadye, 2 maola mukatha kudya komanso pogona. Zizindikiro zonse ziyenera kulembedwa mu diary yapadera kuti katswiri wolandila azitha kuwunikira ndikuwona momwe mankhwalawo alili.
Kuyeza kwa shuga m'magazi otumphukira kuyenera kuchitidwa modabwitsa
Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo nthawi ndi nthawi amafotokozera njira zowonjezera zowunika kuti azitsimikizira momwe matendawa alili komanso momwe ziwalo zakezo ziriri:
- kuponderezedwa kosalekeza;
- electrocardiography ndi echocardiography;
- kukonzanso;
- kuyang'ana kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mtima ndi ma angiografia a m'munsi malekezero;
- kufunsira kwa ophthalmologist ndi kufufuza kwa fundus;
- njinga ergometry;
- mayeso aubongo (pakagwa zovuta kwambiri).
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amayesedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi a nephrologist, a mtima, ma optometrist, neuro- ndi angiosurgeon, neuropathologist.
Pambuyo pa endocrinologist atazindikira mozama, muyenera kuyesetsa kutsatira malangizo ndi akatswiri. Izi zikuthandizira kukhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino, kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso kuletsa kukula kwa zovuta za matendawa.
