Glucose ndi monosaccharide wofunikira yemwe amakhala mthupi la munthu nthawi zonse, ndipo amatenga nawo mbali zingapo zamtunduwu, umakhudza mphamvu yama cell ndi minofu yambiri. Shuga amalowa ndi chakudya kapena amapangika pogwiritsa ntchito glycogen woyikidwa mu chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina.
Mitengo ya glycemia imatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana tsiku lonse. Zimatengera zaka za munthu, malamulo ake ndi kulemera kwake kwa thupi, nthawi yakudya yomaliza, kupezeka kwa momwe zinthu zilili, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Chotsatira, ndimtundu wanji wa shuga wamagazi mukatha kudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi thanzi komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke, komanso njira zowongolera.
Chifukwa chiyani thupi likufunika shuga?
Glucose (shuga) ndi chakudya chosavuta chopatsa thupi chomwe chimapezeka panthawi ya kuphulika kwa ma polysaccharides. M'matumbo aang'ono, amalowetsedwa m'magazi, ndiye amayamba kufalitsa thupi lonse. Pambuyo pa chizindikiritso cha m'magazi mutatha kudya kusinthira kumtunda, ubongo umatumiza chizindikirocho kwa kapamba kuti insulin iyenera kutulutsidwa m'magazi.
Insulin ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito m'matumbo chomwe chimayang'anira kupatsirana kwa saccharide mthupi. Ndi chithandizo chake, tubules enieni otseguka m'maselo omwe glucose amadutsa mkati. Mmenemo umaphwera m'madzi ndi mphamvu.
Insulin - "fungulo" lenileni la monosaccharide
Mwazi wamagazi utachepa, chizindikiro chimalandiridwa chokhudza kufunika kobwezeretsanso mulingo woyenera. Mchitidwe wa glucose synthesis umayamba, momwe lipids ndi glycogen zimakhudzidwira. Chifukwa chake, thupi likuyesera kubwezeretsa glycemia kukhala yokhazikika.
Mwazi wambiri wamagazi ulinso wabwino. Mochulukitsa, monosaccharide imatha kukhala ndi poizoni, popeza motsutsana ndi maziko a hyperglycemia, njira ya mamolekyu am'magazi omwe amalumikizana ndi mapuloteni amthupi imayambitsidwa. Izi zimasintha mawonekedwe awo amatomiki ndi thupi, amachepetsa kuchira.
Momwe zimayendera zimasinthira tsiku lonse
Mwazi wamagazi mutatha kudya, pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo poti zolimbitsa thupi zisinthe manambala. M'mawa, ngati chakudya sichinalowe m'thupi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi (mmol / l):
- ochepera omwe amaloledwa kwa akazi akuluakulu ndi abambo ndi 3.3;
- Mulingo wovomerezeka mwa akulu ndi 5.5.
Manambalawa ndi achikale kuyambira azaka 6 mpaka 50. Kwa makanda ndi makanda, Zizindikiro zimasiyana kwambiri - kuyambira 2.78 mpaka 4.4. Kwa mwana wasukulu yam'mbuyo, chapamwamba kwambiri ndi 5, malo apansi ndi ofanana ndi zaka zapakati pazakale.
Pambuyo pa zaka 50, zizindikiro zimasintha pang'ono. Ndi zaka, malire ovomerezeka amasunthira mmwamba, ndipo izi zimachitika pakatha zaka khumi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magulu opitilira 70 ndi 3.6-6.9. Izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zochuluka.
Aliyense m'banjamo ali ndi zizindikiro za glycemia zomwe ndizokwanira m'badwo wake.
Mwazi wamagazi kuchokera m'mitsempha umakhala wokwera pang'ono (pafupifupi 7-10%). Mutha kuyang'ana zizindikiro zokha mu labotale. Zozizwitsa (mu mmol / l) ndi manambala mpaka 6.1.
Kutalika kwa nthawi
Chimodzi mwa matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi shuga. Onse odwala matenda ashuga amadziwa kuti glycemia iyenera kuwongoleredwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana tsiku lonse. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha mtundu woyenera wa mankhwalawo, kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwakanthawi.
Mtundu wa 1 wamatenda umadziwika kuti hyperglycemia imachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin. Mtundu 2 umachitika chifukwa cha maonekedwe a insulin kukana (kutayika kwa chidwi cham'madzi mu maselo amthupi). Pathology ikhoza kutsagana ndi kudumphadumpha mu shuga tsiku lonse, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zoyenera zovomerezeka (mmol / l):
- patatha kupuma kwa usiku kwa akuluakulu - mpaka 5.5, mwa ana osakwana zaka 5 - mpaka 5;
- chakudya chisanalowe m'thupi - mpaka 6, mwa ana - mpaka 5,5;
- atangodya - mpaka 6.2, thupi la ana - mpaka 5.7;
- mu ola limodzi - mpaka 8,8, mwa mwana - mpaka 8;
- pambuyo pa mphindi 120 - mpaka 6.8, mwana wakhanda - mpaka 6.1;
- musanagone usiku - mpaka 6.5, mwa mwana - mpaka 5.4;
- usiku - mpaka 5, thupi la ana - mpaka 4,6.
Dziwani zambiri zamiseche yovomerezeka ya magazi panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.
Mwazi wamagazi mukatha kudya
Mukatha kudya shuga wamwazi, zigawo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa:
- pamaso pa pathological thupi;
- pali wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga ndi mzere wake;
- kukhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa (uchidakwa, kusuta);
- iwo amene amakonda yokazinga, kusuta chakudya, chakudya mwachangu;
- akudwala ochepa matenda oopsa ndi cholesterol yayikulu;
- azimayi omwe adabereka ana olemera kuposa 4 kg kale.
Kukula pang'ono kwa glucose m'magazi pambuyo pakulowetsa kwachilendo kwa thupi lathanzi
Ngati glycemia isintha kangapo, muyenera kufunsira malangizo a endocrinologist. Ndikofunikira kukambirana ndi dotolo, kuchititsa maphunziro owonjezera ngati pali kufunitsitsa kwamamwa kumwa, kudya. Nthawi imodzimodzi, munthu amakonda kukodza komanso osalemera konse, m'malo mwake, kuchepa kwa thupi kumatheka.
Komanso kusamala kuyenera kukhala kumverera kwa khungu ndi kuuma khungu, mawonekedwe aming'alu m'milomo ya milomo, kupweteka m'munsi, kutsekeka kwakanthawi kachilendo komwe sikumachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuchulukitsa koperewera kwa zizindikiro za glucose kunja kwa chizolowezi kungasonyeze kukula kwa insulin kukana, komwe kumayang'anidwanso ndi njira zakufufuzira matenda (shuga katundu mayeso). Matendawa amatchedwa prediabetes. Zimadziwika ndi kudziwikiratu kumachitika kwa insulin-yodziyimira payokha ya "matenda okoma".
Chifukwa chiyani pamakhala shuga wochepa mutatha kudya?
Aliyense amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chakuti zakudya zimayambitsa kukwera kwa glucose, komanso pali "mbali yosintha ndalama." Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa reactive hypoglycemia. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri kapena mtundu 2 shuga.
Kutukwana ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za hypoglycemia.
Asayansi sanathe kukhazikika pa chifukwa chomwe matendawa aliri, chifukwa chake adazindikira malingaliro angapo a momwe adapangidwira:
Momwe mungayang'anire shuga- Chakudya chomwe munthu amasiya chakudya chamagulu amthupi kuti achepetse thupi. Ngati thupi sililandira "zomangirazo" mwa mawonekedwe a polysaccharides kwa nthawi yayitali, imayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zake zokha, kuyikhidwa mokhazikika. Koma nthawi imabwera pomwe malo osungirako katundu mulibe, chifukwa sanadzikonzenso.
- Pathology, limodzi ndi tsankho la fructose wa chibadwa.
- Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa anthu omwe anachitidwa opareshoni pamimba yamatumbo m'mbuyomu.
- Poyerekeza ndi zochitika za kupsinjika, kuphipha kwa kapamba kumachitika, komwe kumalimbikitsa kuphatikizira kwa insulin yambiri.
- Kukhalapo kwa insulinomas ndi chotupa chokhala ndi mahomoni chomwe chimatulutsa insulin mosalekeza.
- Kutsika kowopsa kwa kuchuluka kwa glucagon, komwe ndiko kutsutsana ndi insulin.
Reactive hypoglycemia imayamba msanga. Munthu amadziwa kupezeka kwa kusowa tulo, chizungulire, thukuta kwambiri. Amafuna kudya nthawi zonse, ngakhale atadya nkhomaliro. Madandaulo a kutopa, ntchito yochepa.
Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, muyenera kusintha moyo wanu: idyani pafupipafupi, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, pewani kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri, samalani mfundo za zakudya, momwe insulin imamasulidwa mokwanira. Ndikofunikira kusiya mowa ndi khofi.
Matenda a shuga atatha kudya
Matendawa amatchedwa postprandial hyperglycemia. Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi atatha kudya pamwamba pa 10 mmol / L. Mfundo zotsatirazi zikuonedwa ngati zowopsa:
- kulemera kwamatenda;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi;
- kukhalapo kwa cholesterol "yoyipa";
- kulolerana kwa shuga;
- kukonzeratu kwa chibadwa;
- jenda (nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa amuna).
Mkulu glycemia maola angapo mutatha kudya - umboni wa momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito
Hyperglycemia yamadzulo imaphatikizidwa ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pazochitika zotsatirazi:
- macroangiopathies - kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazikulu;
- retinopathy - matenda a ziwiya za fundus;
- kuchuluka kwa makulidwe a mitsempha ya carotid;
- kupsinjika kwa oxidative, kutupa, ndi endothelial kukanika;
- kutsika kwa magazi m'minyewa yamtima;
- oncological njira zoipa;
- matenda a chidziwitso ntchito okalamba kapena maziko a insulin-payokha matenda a shuga.
Zofunika! Postprandial hyperglycemia imabweretsa kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa thanzi laumunthu, imafunikira kukonzanso kwakukulu.
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda okhala ndi zitsulo imakhala ndikutsatira zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa, polimbana ndi kuthamanga kwa thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito katundu wazolimbitsa thupi. Mankhwala omwe amathandizira kuthetsa shuga pambuyo pakudya:
- ma analogi a amylin;
- DPP-4 zoletsa;
- dongo;
- zotumphukira ngati glucagon-ngati peptide-1;
- insulini.
Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi imodzi mwanjira zothandizira wodwala ndi kuchuluka kwa masana shuga
Ukadaulo wamakono umakupatsani mwayi wowongolera glycemia osati mu labotale, komanso kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito ma glucometer - zida zapadera, zomwe zimaphatikiza zingwe zolowetsa chala ndi zingwe zoyeserera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso kuyesa shuga.
Kuthandizira mulingo wabwinobwino wa glycemia m'mitsempha, osati pokhapokha, komanso mutatha kudya, imawerengedwa kuti ndi yofunika popewa kukula kwa zovuta zingapo zam'magazi.
