Zowonongeka zamaso mu shuga mellitus: zimayambitsa, njira zamankhwala zamakono ndi malingaliro a ophthalmologists

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yoopsa ya endocrine system, yomwe kwa nthawi yayitali siziwonetsa ndi chizindikiro chilichonse.

Zida ndi ma capillaries omwe ali mu ziwalo zonse zamunthu: ubongo, impso, mtima, retina, akudwala matendawa.

Mu matenda a shuga, mavuto ammaso amapezeka mwa odwala ambiri, ndipo ophthalmologist ndiye dokotala woyamba kukayikira matenda omwe akudwala omwe adandaula chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.

Chifukwa chiyani maso akudwala matenda ashuga?

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwamatenda a matenda ashuga ndikuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi ma capillaries omwe ali m'maso.

Pali lingaliro lamtsogolo la mawonekedwe a mavuto ammaso:

• matenda oopsa
• shuga wambiri;
• kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa kwambiri;
• kunenepa kwambiri;
• matenda a impso;
• mimba
• chibadwa.

Kukalamba ndi chimodzi mwamavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zovuta za maso matenda a matenda ashuga.

Matenda amaso

Popeza chitetezo cha thupi chimachepetsedwa kwambiri mu shuga, odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda otupa a chiwalo chowoneka. Ngati maso akuyang'ana ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amatha kukhala blepharitis, conjunctivitis, balere yambiri. Keratitis nthawi zambiri imayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba komanso kuwoneka kwa cornea.

Matenda ofala kwambiri amishuga:

1. retinopathy. Ndi matenda awa, khungu la maso limakhudzidwa. Kukula kwa chotupa kumatengera nthawi yayitali ya matenda, kupezeka kwa matenda ogwirizana: matenda oopsa, matenda a shuga a ziwalo zina, kunenepa kwambiri komanso atherosclerosis. Ma capillaries am'mimba amatsekedwa, pomwe ena amakula kuti abwezeretse magazi. M'makoma a ziwiya amtundu amapangidwa - ma micaneurysms, momwe gawo lamadzi limalowa mu retina. Zonsezi zimayambitsa edema ya macular zone ya retina. Edema imakanikiza maselo ochititsa chidwi, ndipo amafa. Odwala amadandaula za kutayika kwa magawo ena a fanolo, pomwe masomphenya amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Pali kusintha pang'ono pa fundus yokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo - ziwiya zimaphulika ndipo zotupa zazing'ono zimawonekera, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi odwala ngati ma flakes akuda. Magulu ang'onoang'ono amasungunuka, ndipo akuluakulu amapanga hemophthalmos. Diso lakumaso chifukwa cha njala ya okosijeni komanso kuchuluka kwa ma capillaries osinthika kumatha. Masomphenya amatha kuzimiririka;
2. yachiwiri ya neovascular glaucoma. Kukwera kwa mphamvu ya intraocular kumayendetsedwa ndi zowawa komanso kugwa kwamaso mofulumira. Matendawa amatenga matenda a shuga chifukwa chakuti mitsempha yamagazi yambiri imakulirakulira mpaka kulowa mkati mwa chipinda chamaso, potero kusokoneza kutulutsa kwa timadzi tambiri tambiri. Glaucoma ndi matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amapita limodzi. Glaucoma mu matenda a shuga amakula kangapo kuposa anthu athanzi;
3. mphira. Matendawo amadziwika ndi kuphwanya njira ya kagayidwe kachakudya mu mandala amdiso osagwirizana ndi matenda ashuga. Postcapsular cataract imakula msanga ndipo imatsogolera pakuwona kochepa. Matendawa, omwe ma ndala amakhala ndimadzimadzi poyerekeza ndi matenda a matenda ashuga, amadziwika kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zovuta zamatumbo ndizovuta kuthyola pakachotsedwa kokhazikika.

Zizindikiro

Wodwala akapezeka ndi matenda ashuga, ayenera kukayezetsa ndi akatswiri a maso kuti adziwe momwe masinthidwe azomwe angagwiritsire ntchito m'ziwalo za masomphenyawo.

Kafukufuku wokhazikika amakhala ndi kuzindikira ma acuity komanso malire a minda yake, kuyeza kuthamanga kwa ma intraocular.

Kuyendera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito nyali yoyenda ndi ophthalmoscope. Magalasi atatu a Goldman omwe ali ndi magalasi atatu amapangitsa kuti athe kusanthula osati dera lokhalo, komanso mbali zopumira za retina. Kukhazikitsa zoopsa zina nthawi zina sizimalola kuti muwone kusintha kwa fundus ndi matenda ashuga. Poterepa, kuyezetsa kwamphamvu kwa chiwalo pakufunika.

Chithandizo

Ndiye, kodi mungabwezeretse bwanji masomphenya anu? Kodi ndingathe kuchitira opaleshoni yamaso?

Chithandizo cha zovuta zamaso mu shuga zimayambira ndikukonza kagayidwe m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Endocrinologist amasankha mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, mupeze mankhwala a insulin.

Dokotala adzalembera mankhwala omwe akufuna kutsitsa cholesterol yamagazi, mankhwala kuti akhalebe athanzi lamagazi, mankhwala a vasodilator ndi mavitamini. Chofunikanso pakuyenda bwino kwa njira zochiritsira ndikusintha kwa moyo wa wodwalayo, kusintha kwa zakudya. Wodwala ayenera kulandira zolimbitsa thupi zofunikira m'thupi lake.

Madontho a nela a mtima glaucoma nthawi zambiri amatha kutulutsa mphamvu ya intraocular. Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimalembedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zowonjezera zotulutsira madzi amtundu wa intraocular. Kuphatikiza kwa laser kumachitika kuti awononge zombo zomwe zangopangidwa kumene.

Kuchotsa kwa Cataract

Makatoni amathandizidwa ndi opaleshoni yokha. Magalasi owoneka bwino amaikidwira m'malo mwa mandala amtambo.

Retinopathy poyambira gawo limachiritsidwa ndi laser coagulation ya retina. Njira ikuchitika ndi cholinga chowononga ziwiya zosinthidwa. Kuwonetsedwa kwa laser kumatha kuyimitsa kukula kwa minofu yolumikizana ndikuletsa kuchepa kwa masomphenya. Kupita patsogolo kwa matenda a shuga nthawi zina kumafuna opaleshoni.

Pogwiritsa ntchito vitibleomy, ma punctures ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa m'maso am'maso ndipo thupi lamphamvu limachotsedwa pamodzi ndi magazi, zipsera zomwe zimakoka m'maso, ndipo zotengera zimagwidwa ndi laser. Njira yothetsera vuto la retina imalowetsedwa m'maso. Pambuyo pa masabata angapo, yankho kuchokera ku chiwalo limachotsedwa, ndipo m'malo mwake, mchere wa saline kapena silicone umalowetsedwa mu patreous patreous. Chotsani madzi ngati pakufunika.

Kupewa

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa, opita patsogolo. Ngati chithandizo choyenera sichinayambike munthawi yake, zotsatira za thupi lanu sizingasinthe.

Kuti muwone matendawa kumayambiriro, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa shuga kamodzi pachaka. Ngati endocrinologist wapeza, ophthalmologist amayenera kuwunika kamodzi pachaka.

Ngati dokotala wapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga, matenda am'maso osweka mu shuga komanso kusintha kwina, kuwunika pafupipafupi kuyenera kuchitika kawiri pachaka.

Ndi akatswiri ati omwe akuyenera kuwonedwa?

Kuphatikiza pa endocrinologist ndi ophthalmologist, anthu odwala matenda a shuga adzafunika kukaonana ndi dokotala wa ENT, dokotala wa opaleshoni, mano

Q & A

Mayankho a akatswiri pamafunso odziwika bwino a odwala:

1. Kodi kuzindikira macular edema? Yankho: Kuphatikiza pazowonongeka, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi macular edema, chifunga kapena kuchepa pang'ono kumawonekera pamaso, zinthu zowoneka zimasokonekera. Vutoli limafalikira kwa onse. Pankhaniyi, kutayika kwamayiko awiri kwapakati ndikotheka;
2. Kodi matenda ashuga angakhudze minofu ya oculomotor? Yankho: Inde, matenda a shuga (makamaka kuphatikiza matenda oopsa kapena matenda a chithokomiro) amathanso kukhudza ntchito ya minofu ya maso kapena mbali zina za ubongo zomwe zimayendetsa kayendedwe ka maso;
3. Kodi pali mgwirizano wanji pakati pa retinopathy ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga? Yankho: Chiyanjano pakati pa mtundu wa matenda ashuga ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha retinopathy chilipo. Odwala omwe amadalira insulin, matendawa sapezeka pa nthawi ya matenda. Zaka 20 atapezeka matendawa, pafupifupi odwala onse adzadwala retinopathy. Mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala omwe ali ndi insulin, retinopathy imapezeka nthawi yomweyo matenda a shuga atapezeka. Magawo awiri mwa atatu a odwala atatha zaka 20 nawonso adzadwala.
4. Kodi wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kumuwona pafupipafupi motani? Yankho: Odwala amayenera kukayezetsa mayeso kamodzi pachaka. Kwa retinopathy yomwe siikukula, muyenera kukaonana ndi a ophthalmologist kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kuti mupeze mankhwala othandizira pambuyo pake kwa miyezi 4 Kupezeka kwa macular edema kumafunsidwa ndi dokotala wamaso miyezi itatu iliyonse. Odwala omwe amakhala ndi shuga wambiri komanso omwe akudwala matenda oopsa amayenera kuwona dokotala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Asanayambe chithandizo cha insulin, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutumizidwa kukakumana ndi ophthalmologist. Pambuyo pakutsimikizira kuti ali ndi pakati, azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunikira miyezi itatu iliyonse. Ana odwala matenda ashuga amatha kumayesedwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
5. Kodi chithandizo cha laser chimapweteka? Yankho: Ndi macular edema, mankhwala a laser samayambitsa kupweteka, kusapeza bwino kungayambitse kuwunika kowala panthawi yamachitidwe.
6. Kodi vuto la vitrumomy limachitika? Yankho: Mavuto omwe angakhalepo akuphatikizapo kukoka magazi pakanthawi kogwira ntchito, ndipo izi zimachedwetsa njira yobwezeretsanso masomphenya. Pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni, retina imayamba kuzimiririka.
7. Kodi pamakhala kupweteka m'maso atachitidwa opaleshoni? Yankho: Zowawa pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni ndizosowa. Kufiira kwamaso kokha ndikotheka. Chotsani vutoli ndi madontho apadera.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Kodi matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi ati ndipo ndi oopsa? Mayankho mu kanema:

Matenda a shuga amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ya ziwalo zonse, kuphatikiza khungu. Zombozi zimawonongeka, ndipo m'malo mwake amadziwika ndi kufalikira kwakuchulukirapo. Mu matenda a matenda ashuga, mandimuwo amakhala amtambo ndipo chithunzicho chimakhala chosalala. Odwala amasiya kuwona chifukwa cha zovuta zamatumbo, glaucoma ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy. Ngati maso anu apweteka ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kufunsa katswiri wa ophthalmologist. Maganizo a ophthalmologists ndi ofanana: amagwira ntchito ndi shuga wamagazi ngati chithandizo cha mankhwala sichili bwino kapena sichikupereka zotsatira. Ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake, matendawo ndiabwino kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa shuga wamagazi ndikuwunika kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ananso chakudyacho, kudya zakudya zochepa zamagalimoto ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zakudya zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni komanso mafuta athanzi.