Mabwenzi owopsa, ali ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zovuta za matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la endocrine.

Matendawa amasintha kwambiri moyo wa munthu, amatenga zovuta zingapo.

Kodi zovuta za matenda ashuga, chifukwa chiyani amapanga, momwe angachiritsire, nkhaniyo ikunena.

Pathophysiology ya matenda ashuga

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito matenda a shuga imayambira ndikuti kusowa kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo ku mahomoni awa ndi hyperglycemia.

Kuzungulira kwa shuga wamkulu kumawonedwa mutatha kudya. Pa mulingo wa shuga pamwamba pa 10 mmol / L, glucosuria imachitika, ndipo kuthinana kwa osmotic kwamkodzo kumatsika.

Impso zimachepetsa kubwezeretsanso kwa madzi ndi ma elekitirodi. Voliyumu ya tsiku ndi tsiku imafikira malita 3-7. Zotsatira zake, kusowa kwamadzi kumachitika. Popanda insulini, kuwonongedwa kwamafuta ndi mapuloteni ambiri, komwe kumathandizira maselo.

Thupi limataya amino acid ndi asafe, limadziunjikira ma ketones. Zinthu zomalizazi zimagwira gawo lalikulu mu pathological physiology ya shuga mellitus: kuchotsedwa kwa acetoacetic ndi p-hydroxybutyric acids kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa buffer cations, ketoacidosis, ndi kutha kwa malo amchere.

Gulu la zovuta za shuga

Mavuto onse a shuga amapezeka pachimake komanso matenda osachiritsika.

Zoyambirira (pachimake) zovuta za matendawa

Kupezeka kwa zovuta kwambiri kumabweretsa chiopsezo pamoyo. Izi zimaphatikizapo hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, chikomokere, ketoacidosis. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amakumana ndi zochitika ziwiri zoyambirira.

Ketoacidosis

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakati pa matenda ashuga 1.

Njira yotukutsira ili motere: chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin, maselo amataya mphamvu zawo pakupanga glucose kuchokera ku chakudya kukhala mphamvu. Thupi limayamba kulandira mphamvu kuchokera kuma deposits amafuta, likasweka, matupi a ketone amapangidwa.

Impso sizingagwire ma ketoni ambiri. Kenako acidity yamagazi imachulukanso.

Hypoglycemia

Amadziwika ndi kugwa pamlingo wa glycemia pansipa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika odwala osadalira insulin.

Ndiwopepuka, momwe ndikokwanira kumwa madzi otsekemera, komanso olemera, omwe amafunikira mkati mwa glucose.

Cholinga chachikulu cha hypoglycemia ndi kuchuluka kwa plasma insulin poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya cholandiridwa ndi chakudya.

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia ndi vuto lomwe limadziwika ndi plasma glucose ambiri kuposa momwe amapezekera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia ndi:

• kukhalapo kwa kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa bakiteriya kamene kamapangidwa;
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi;
• kuvutitsidwa kwa zakudya zamafuta apamwamba komanso mafuta;
• jekeseni wosakonzekera wa insulin kapena kumwa mochedwa mapiritsi ochepetsera shuga;
• kupsinjika
• Matenda a ziwalo zamanja.

Matenda a shuga

Ichi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga momwe zosokoneza za metabolic zimasokonekera. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa ndende ya glucose. Amadziwika ndi odwala omwe ali amtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri wamatenda.

Matenda a matenda ashuga amachitika:

• hypersmolar. Amakula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa madzi a m'magazi m'magazi;
• ketoacidotic. Amadziwika ndi kudziunjikira kwa ma ketoni m'thupi;
• hypoglycemic. Zimabwera chifukwa chakuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi;
• lactic acidemia. Amayenda motsutsana ndi maziko a zovuta mu chiwindi, mtima ndi mapapu.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mochedwa (aakulu)?

Mavuto azovuta za matenda ashuga amapezeka patatha zaka 10 atazindikira kusokonezeka kwa endocrine. Amaimiridwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, impso, chiwindi, maso, ubongo. Zotulukazo zimatha kuchitika limodzi kapena kuphatikiza.

Retinopathy komanso matenda amtundu (kuphatikiza zigawo)

Retinopathy imamveka ngati kuwonongeka kwa retina.

Chifukwa chosowa bwino magazi, wandiweyani amalowetsa mawonekedwe mu chiwalo chowoneka.

Muzochitika zapamwamba, pamakhala zotupa mu thupi la vitreous, retinal detachment.

Cataract ndikochulukitsa kwa matenda a hyperglycemia syndrome. Amadziwika ndi kufalikira ndi kuyeza kuzungulira kwa mandala. Mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chithaphwi chamtundu wina, pomwe pamasunthika zigawo zingapo zapakati.

Macro ndi microvascular angiopathy

Angiopathy imamveka ngati chotupa cha mitsempha yozungulira.. Amawonedwa mu anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi zaka 10-15. Kuphwanya kumagawidwa m'magulu akulu komanso ochepa. Mu nkhani yoyamba, zombo zapakati komanso zazikulu zimakhudzidwa, chachiwiri - capillaries, venule ndi arterioles.

Angiopathy a ziwiya zokhala m'munsi

Polyneuropathy yam'munsi yotsika

Polyneuropathy ndimavuto omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mitsempha yachikazi, yamafupa atatu, nkhope, sayansi ndi oculomotor.

Zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa magazi ku mafupa amitsempha. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kutaya mtima, kupweteka kwambiri, ndikuwotcha m'malo omwe akhudzidwa. Zilonda, zoyang'ana necrosis zimatha kupanga pamiyendo.

Matenda a shuga

Phazi la matenda ashuga ndi vuto lomwe limadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa khungu, mitsempha yaying'ono komanso yayikulu, mafupa, mafupa, minofu ndi mitsempha ya miyendo.

Odwala, zala zimasokonekera, chidwi chimatayika, zilonda zam'mimba zimakhazikika pakhungu. Popita patsogolo, gangrene imachitika.

Nephropathy

Nephropathy ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso kumayambitsa kulumala. Mapuloteni ndi zinthu za m'magazi zimapezeka mkodzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi sikumapita. Zotsatira zake, kulephera kwa auria ndi aimpso kumayamba. Vutoli ndi lowopsa ndipo likufunika hemodialysis.

Matenda amitsempha

Uwu ndiye woyamba komanso pafupipafupi matenda osokonekera omwe amapezeka mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Magawo onse amanjenje amakhudzidwa: autonomic andipheral, ubongo ndi msana.

Encephalopathy imawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa ndende, mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kusinthasintha kwa pafupipafupi ndi kufooka kwa minofu.

Pakhoza kukhala paroxysms yodziyimira payokha, kukomoka. Ndi kupita patsogolo, kuperewera kwa piramidi, vuto la vestibular, kuyerekezera zinthu m'magazi, ziwindi zimawonjezeredwa.

Ziwerengero zamilandu

Masiku ano, matenda a zam'madzi amadziwika ndi anthu 60 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.

6-10% imawonjezeredwa pachaka ku chiwerengero chonse cha odwala. Mavuto osagwirizana ndi kusokonekera kwa endocrine kumabweretsa kulumala koyambirira komanso kufa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, ma pathologies amtima amapezeka katatu, kuwonongeka kwa malekezero - 20, khungu - kakhumi kangapo kuposa anthu athanzi.

Mayeso oyambira ndi njira zodziwira matenda

Kuti muzindikire zovuta za matenda a shuga, njira zamankhwala zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zothandizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mosalephera, munthu amalephera kuwunika mkodzo ndi magazi, kuchuluka kwa plasma glycemia ndi kutsimikiza.

Kupatula retinopathy ndi ma cataracts, fundus ndi cornea zimayesedwa. Pofuna kupewa mtima ischemia, electrocardiogram amapangidwa. Zovuta zamkati zimapezeka ndikuwunika mkodzo mwatsatanetsatane.

Chithandizo

Kuthana ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga, mankhwala a hypoglycemic amagwiritsidwa ntchito, insulin therapy imachitika. Kuti muchiritse mofulumira, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira zakudya. Nthawi zina, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimasonyezedwa.

Mankhwala a insulin komanso mankhwala a hypoglycemic

Pochotsa zovuta, ntchito yayikulu ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Kenako zamatsenga zimayamba kubwereranso, mawonekedwe ake amakhala osanenedwa. Kuzunzidwa kwa shuga kumadalira zakudya, milingo ya lipid, kulemera.

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amathandizidwa pokhapokha pobayira jakisoni. Mankhwalawa amachotsa machitidwe kupangira mahomoni ndi kapamba. Ndi matenda a mtundu wachiwiri, mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina jakisoni wa insulin amawonjezeredwa mumiyeso yaying'ono.

Chithandizo cha zakudya

Zakudya za wodwala aliyense zimasankhidwa payekha. Ganizirani zolimbitsa thupi, zaka, kulemera.

Cholinga cha mankhwala othandizira zakudya ndikusunga shuga, cholesterol ndi mafuta munthawi yochepa.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana komanso zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, mchere wamchere, fiber ndi mapuloteni.

Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zimafunikira opaleshoni?

Ntchito zimachitika pa:

• kukhalapo kwa zilonda zam'miyendo ndi gangrene, zomwe zimatha kupha magazi ndi kufa;
• matenda a impso (makasitomala akuluakulu opanga maopaleshoni ochita kupakidwa impso ndi mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga);
• mavuto amaso
• zosokoneza mu ntchito ya mtima.

Chitetezo cha matenda a shuga

Njira yokhayo yopewera izi ndikulipira metabolism ya glucose bwino. Mukamayandikira shuga m'magazi, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta za matenda a endocrine.

Zakudya zama carb ochepera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsedwa kwa insulini komanso thanzi..

Wodwala azisunga zolemera moyenera. Pazifukwa zodzitetezera, amafunikanso kukayezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo pafupipafupi, komanso kukayezetsa ndi endocrinologist.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Zotheka kukhala zovuta komanso zovuta zovuta za matenda a shuga:

Matenda a shuga amayambitsa zovuta zambiri. Pofuna kupewa kutukuka, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo a endocrinologist. Zovuta zomwe zilipo zikuyenera kuthandizidwa munthawi yake.