MATENDA A SHUGA: MANKHWALA, MANKHWALA, ZAKUDYA, WOWERENGEKA AZITSAMBA

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Akatswiri amakonda kutcha matenda ashuga monga chidziwitso chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsutsana ndi maziko olakwika a zochita za metabolic.

Mavuto oterewa amayamba chifukwa cha insulin yokwanira kapena zovuta zake pakhungu ndi maselo. Nthawi zina, zinthu zonsezi zimatha kupezeka mwa wodwala.

Matenda oterewa ali ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe imasiyana pakapangidwe kake, koma chizindikiro chomwecho ndi hyperglycemia (shuga ya magazi imakwera). Njira yodziyimira pawokha ya insulin imadziwika kuti ndi matenda a shuga a II. Potere, zida zazikulu zomwe zimapanga inshuwaransi zimapereka kapangidwe ka kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ofunikira m'thupi, koma maselo nawonso amataya mphamvu iliyonse.

Pochiza matenda amtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azisinthanso zakudya zawo, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kusewera masewera ochepetsa thupi. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti matenda ashuga asinthe.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a 2

Mankhwala apamwamba amapatsa aliyense mankhwala othandiza omwe amathandizira kukhazikitsa insulin.

Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda a shuga, kuphatikizana ndi kudumphadumpha kosiyanasiyana m'magazi a glucose, zinthu zingapo zolimbikitsa za secretion yamafuta a pancreatic (kanthawi kochepa komanso kuchitira nthawi yayitali) amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda owopsa omwe amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ashuga.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pokhapokha ngati mukupatsa mankhwala, chifukwa mawonekedwe onse amomwe matendawa amatchulidwa komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta zomwe zingachitike kuyenera kukumbukiridwa. Ngati magulu ena a mankhwala atchulidwa, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatha kuchuluka kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amayamba kukumana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, dokotala amatha kukupatsani mankhwala awiri kapena angapo. Chifukwa cha izi, zovuta zochepa zimakhala ndi, ndipo zotsatira zabwino zimatheka.

Kukhazikitsa njira yosankhidwa ya mankhwalawa kumayamba ndi monotherapy - mankhwala amodzi amaperekedwa, ndipo mapiritsi ena amatha kuwonjezedwa kutengera zotsatira zake.

Zolinga zazikulu za mankhwala:

kukonza zamadzimadzi zigawo za m'magazi a anthu;
kukulitsa chidwi chachilengedwe cha minofu ku insulin;
kukulitsa zachilengedwe za insulin;
kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa mayamwidwe a shuga m'magazi kuchokera m'matumbo.

Magulu a mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi regimen awo

Kuti mankhwalawa apereke zomwe akufunazo, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo awiri osavuta: idyani pomwepo ndikuchezera olimbitsa thupi. Koma, ngakhale izi, si odwala onse omwe angatsatire malamulowa kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musankhe mankhwalawa.

Malinga ndi lingaliro la kuchitapo kanthu, mapiritsi a shuga a mellitus ali m'magulu osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo:

mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe kazinthu. Izi zimaphatikizapo ma clayeys ndi mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi sulfonylurea;
kuphatikiza mankhwala. Pankhaniyi, incretin mimetics imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Sulfonamides

Mndandanda wambiri wam'mapiritsi a shuga II amaphatikizapo mankhwala monga Glurenorm, Glycvidon ndi Glibenclamide. Zochita za mankhwalawa zimachitika chifukwa chakuti zigawo zomwe zimagwira zimamangira m'maselo a beta.

Chifukwa cha izi, kupanga insulin kumalimbikitsidwa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa amayamba kumwa mankhwala ochepa. Pakupita kwa sabata, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zazikulu zimayamba kuwonjezeka.

Mapiritsi a glurenorm

Zoyipa zazikulu zimakhudzana ndi izi:

totupa thupi lonse;
nthawi zina za hypoglycemia;
kumva kuwawa kwambiri;
kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba;
Zotsatira zoyipa za chiwindi.

Biguanides

Gululi la mankhwalawa limaphatikizanso mankhwalawa omwe mankhwala ake ndi metformin. Pamankhwala mutha kugula Glucofage ndi Siofor.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ndi Biguanides kumachepetsa thupi kukana insulin. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha:

kukulitsa chidwi cha minyewa pazotsatira za timadzi ta pancreatic;
kuchepa kwa kaphatikizidwe ka shuga kuchokera m'mafuta ndi mapuloteni, komanso pokonza chiwindi cha glycogen;
kutsika kwa shuga komwe kumalowa m'magazi;
kupangika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa shuga mu chiwindi (glycogen);
kuchuluka kwa shuga kulowa mkati ndi ziwalo.

Amayamwa

Gululi limaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe amatha kuwonjezera insulin. Chothandiza kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa ndi Exenatide.

Zotsatira zabwino zimatheka chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa shuga wolowa m'magazi kumawonjezeka.

Njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi kukakamiza kwa kupanga glucagon ndi mafuta acid. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yochotsa chakudya m'mimba imachepa. Chifukwa cha izi, wodwalayo akumva kuti akumva kulefuka kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha izi, mankhwalawa amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi gulu lophatikizika la mankhwalawa.

Choyipa chachikulu ndi mseru. Amatha kukhalapo kwa milungu iwiri kuyambira chiyambi cha mankhwala.

DPP-4 zoletsa

Mankhwalawa amadziwika kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri, chifukwa amagwirizana ndi m'badwo watsopano wamankhwala. Sizikhudza mwachindunji kapangidwe ka insulin.

Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikuteteza polypeptide inayake kuti isawonongeke kwambiri ndi enzyme ya DPP-4.

Zoletsa zomwezi zimayambitsa kakhansa. Chifukwa cha izi, kuphatikizika kwa insulin kumachitika.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti DPP-4 inhibitors amathandizira kuthana ndi matenda amtundu wa II, chifukwa ali ndi zabwino zambiri:

amathetsa chiopsezo cha kulemera pakugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi;
Kukula kwa hypoglycemia kumalepheretsedwa, chifukwa mankhwalawa amaleka kuchita pambuyo pakukhathamiritsa kwa glucose;
ma inhibitors amatha kumwa ndi mankhwala ena onse. Gulu lopatula limangokhala ndi insulin ndi ma injon agonists.

Kuphatikiza mankhwala

Gulu la mankhwala ophatikiza limaphatikizapo Amaryl, Glibomet ndi Yanumet. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa zimathandizira kuchepetsa kukana kwa insulin ndikuthandizira kupanga insulin.

Mapiritsi a Amaryl,

Amaryl imathandizira kuteteza kutulutsa ndi kutulutsa kwa mahomoni kuchokera ku kapamba. Ndi mankhwalawa, mutha kukulitsa chidwi cha minofu ndi mafuta pazotsatira za insulin.

Glibomet imawerengedwa kuti imagwira ntchito pomwe zakudya sizipereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Koma Yanumet imakupatsani mwayi wolamulira hypoglycemia, yomwe imalepheretsa kuchulukitsa kwadzidzidzi mu shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ochokera ku gululi amathandizira kuwongolera zovuta zamasewera.

Ndi liti pamene odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu II amamulembera mankhwala a insulin?

Njira yayikulu yoyenera kuperekera insulin imawonedwa ngati vuto lalikulu la kapamba.

Choopsa chachikulu ndikuti ndi thupi ili lomwe limayang'anira kupanga mahomoni panthawi yake, ndipo kupatuka kulikonse kungakhale kovuta ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka.

Zomwe zimapangidwira insulin zimaphatikizapo maselo apadera a beta omwe ali ndi udindo wopanga mahomoni a munthu.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kusintha kwokhudzana ndi zaka zomwe zimachitika m'chiwalo chilichonse kumabweretsa kuti chiwerengero cha maselo amachepetsedwa.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala, matenda a shuga II atapezeka, pakatha zaka 10 wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala a insulin.

Kunenepa kukonza ndi zakudya

Chithandizo chosankhidwa bwino chimachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta za matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi maziko a matenda ashuga kangapo.

Mpaka pano, akatswiri adapanga pulogalamu yothandiza yodwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga II a mellitus:

kuchepetsa kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu (zipatso zotsekemera, uchi, shuga);
osachepera kasanu patsiku kuti muzidya zakudya zazing'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, njira zachilengedwe zakusokonekera kwa minofu ya adipose ziyamba, ndipo mapaundi owonjezera ayamba kuchoka;
Zakudya ziyenera kulemezedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri ndi kufunafuna zinthu;
iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri ayenera kudya 1800 kcal patsiku (zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu);
Pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, mapuloteni ayenera kukhala osachepera 80 g / kg;
kuchuluka kumwa kwa ma coarse fiber (20 mpaka 40 g);
mafuta okhathamiritsa sayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya;
kudya kwa mchere kuyenera kuchepetsedwa (pazipita 3 g patsiku). Izi zingathandize kupewa owopsa matenda oopsa komanso nephropathy.

Mungatani kuti mupewe matenda: njira zina

Ndikofunika nthawi zonse kumvetsera malingaliro a endocrinologist. Ngati dokotala akukhulupirira kuti kumwa mankhwala ndikofunikira, ndiye kuti muyenera kutsatira malangizo onse mosamala. Njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse sizilowa mmalo mochiritsa bwino. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowonjezerapo chithandizo.

Zotsatirazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga:

maluwa a linden. Tiyi yokhazikika imayenera kusinthidwa ndi msuzi wa linden, womwe m'masiku 4 amatha kuchepetsa shuga ndi 40%. Kupanga tiyi wochiritsa, muyenera kutenga kapu ya maluwa owuma ndikuwathira ndi 1.5 malita a madzi otentha kwa mphindi 10;
burdock. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kupeza msuzi wa mbewu iyi, womwe uyenera kukumbidwa koyambilira kwamasika. Tengani 15 ml mukatha kudya, katatu patsiku;
Masamba a mphesa. Kuti mukonze msuzi, muyenera kutenga 100 g ya masamba owuma ndi 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha. Wiritsani masamba kwa mphindi 30, kenako chisa. Tengani 75 ml, katatu pa tsiku musanadye. Mankhwalawa kumatha masiku 30.