Insulin yaifupi yaumunthu imayamba ntchito yake mphindi 30-45 pambuyo poti idalowetsedwe m'thupi. Pali mitundu yamakono ya insulin yochepa kwambiri yomwe imagwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 10. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu yapamwamba ya insulin yaumunthu: Apidra, Novo-Rapid ndi Humalog. Izi zofananira ndi insulin yachilengedwe, chifukwa cha njira yabwino kwambiri, zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pafupifupi atangolowa m'magazi a shuga.
Kodi insulin yokumba ndi chiyani?
Insulin yokumba yakonzedwa mwapadera kuti ichotse mofulumira spikes mu shuga chifukwa cha kuphwanya zakudya zolimba za munthu wovutika. Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, sizingatheke kuchita izo 100 peresenti, chifukwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoletsedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, shuga wamagazi amatha kukwera kwambiri.
Ngakhale pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shuga, zakudya zamagulu ochepa zimatha kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhudza chithunzi chonse cha matendawa.
Ultrashort insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsitsa shuga mwachangu, komanso nthawi zina musanadye. Izi ndizofunikira ngati wodwala matenda ashuga amadzuka shuga atangodya.
Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala amtundu wa 1 kapena odwala matenda ashuga a 2 omwe ayenera kudziletsa kwathunthu pamagazi a shuga. Njirayi iyenera kuchitika kwa sabata limodzi pokhapokha panthawiyi ikatha kusankha mtundu wa insulini yomwe muyenera kubaya, mlingo wake komanso nthawi yanji. Ndikosatheka kupangira chiwembu chaponseponse, chifukwa chilichonse chimakhala chosiyana ndi payekha.
Kodi mankhwala a insulin amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Ngati timalankhula za mtundu wa insulin waifupi kwambiri, ndiye kuti umagwira ntchito kale kwambiri kuposa momwe wodwalayo adayamba kusintha protein kukhala magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu omwe amatsata zakudya zamafuta ochepa mokhazikika komanso moyenera amatha kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa asanadye.
Iyenera kulowetsedwa m'thupi pafupifupi mphindi 45 chakudya chisanachitike. Nthawiyo sinafotokozedwe ndendende, chifukwa wodwala aliyense ayenera, kudzera poyeserera ndi kulakwitsa, apeze nthawi yoyenera ya jakisoni. Insulin yaumunthu imagwira ntchito kwa maola 5, chifukwa ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe chakudya chonse chimayamwa ndipo glucose amalowa m'magazi.
Ponena za insulin yosinthidwa, ndikofunikira pakukakamiza kuti muchepetse shuga mwachangu kwa wodwala. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa pamlingo wake wokwera kwambiri pamakhala zovuta zina za matenda a shuga komanso kuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro zake. Pazifukwa izi, ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito insulin wamba.
Tanthauzirani mfundo zina:
- Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndipo shuga m'magazi awo akhoza kutsika okha, palibe chifukwa chobayira insulin kuti achulukitse shuga.
- Ngakhale mutatsatira malangizo a dokotala okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, ma insulin analogue yaumunthu imatha kukhala yothandiza. Ngati shuga adalumphira mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti insulin yocheperako imachepetsa kangapo mwachangu. Izi zikuchokera apa kuti zovuta za nthawi ya matenda ashuga sizitha kuyamba kugwira ntchito kwawo.
- Nthawi zina, simungatsatire kudikira mphindi 45 musanadye chakudya, izi sizokhazo.
Muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti insulin ya ultrashort ili ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa zazifupi. Kuyankhula manambala, 1 Humalog insulin unit izitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose 2,5 mofulumira kuposa 1 unit ya insulin yokhazikika.
Mitundu ina imapereka insulin yocheperako "Apidra" ndi "Novo-Rapid" - imathamanga nthawi 1.5. Manambalawa sangatengedwe ngati amtheradi, chifukwa chiyerekezochi ndi pafupifupi. Kudziwa molondola izi zimatheka pokhapokha pochita chilichonse. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pa Mlingo wa ultrashort insulin. Itha kutsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi insulin yokhazikika.
Ngati tikufanizira Humalog, Apidra ndi Novo-Rapid, ndiye mankhwala oyamba omwe amapambana mwachangu kamodzi pa asanu.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa insulin
Kafukufuku wambiri adawonetsa kuti insulin yamtundu uliwonse imatha kukhala ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zazikulu.
Ngati tizingolankhula za insulin yayifupi yaumunthu, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kwa magazi a munthu wodwala matenda ashuga kumatha pambuyo pojambulira ndi njira ya ultrashort, koma nthawi imodzimodzi, kuchuluka kwake kwa ndende kumatsika kwambiri, ndipo insulini yotsika m'magazi singasinthe.
Chifukwa chakuti Humalog ili ndi nsonga zakuthwa, ndizovuta kwambiri kulosera zenizeni zenizeni za chakudya zomwe zimatha kudyedwa kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwalayo kumakhalabe kwabwinobwino. Mphamvu yofupikitsa ya insulin yochepa imathandizira kuyamwa kwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuchokera ku chakudya, malinga ndi kuyang'aniridwa kwathunthu kwa zakudya zapadera kuti muchepetse shuga.
Ngati tikuwona nkhani iyi mbali inayo, ndiye kuti nthawi iliyonse musanadye zimakhala zovuta kudikirira mphindi 45 kuti insulini yayifupi iyambe kuchitapo kanthu. Ngati vutoli silikumbukiridwa, ndiye kuti shuga m'magazi limakula mofulumira kuposa momwe chinthu chovulalacho chitha kugwira ntchito.
Homoni wopanga amatha kuchepetsa insulin mphindi 15 pambuyo jakisoni. Izi, ndizosavuta, makamaka ngati chakudyacho sichinatengedwe malinga ndi dongosolo linalake.
Ngati mutsatira zakudya, ndikofunikira kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito insulin yayifupi nthawi iliyonse musanadye nkhomaliro kapena chakudya chamadzulo. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizotheka kukhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya insulini yochepa kwambiri pazomwe sizingachitike, wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa komwe angabayire insulin.
M'moyo weniweni, zimapezeka kuti insulin yochepa yaumunthu imagwira ntchito molimba kwambiri kuposa ultrashort. Zotsirizira izi sizingatheke kulosera, ngakhale ngati zingagwiritsidwe ntchito Mlingo wocheperako, osanenapo za milanduyo pamene odwala amadzipaka okha ndi mulingo wambiri wa mankhwala.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti insulin yabwino kwambiri imakhala yamphamvu kangapo kuposa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, 1% ya Humaloga ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a insulin yochepa, ndipo mlingo umodzi wa Apidra ndi Novo-Rapida uli pafupi 2/3. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ziwerengerozi ndizongoyerekeza, ndipo kutsitsimutsa kwawo kumatheka pongoyesa.
Pali odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amakhala ndi insulin yochepa kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi imeneyi imatha kukhala pafupifupi mphindi 60 mpaka maola 1.5. Zikatero, zimakhala zovuta kudya chakudya mutatonthoza. Kwa odwala oterewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yofulumira kwambiri ya ultrashort Humalog, komabe, milandu yotereyi imakhala yachilendo.
