Zilumba za Langerhans zomwe zimapezeka mu kapamba ndizodzikongoletsa za maselo amtundu wa endocrine wopanga mahomoni. Mkati mwa zaka za XIX, wasayansi Paul Langerhansk adapeza magulu onse a maselo, kotero masango adatchulidwa pambuyo pake.
Masana, zisumbu zimatulutsa 2 mg ya insulin.
Maselo a Islet amakhala kwambiri ndi ma kapamba a caudal. Unyinji wawo ndi 2% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa chiwalo. Chiwerengero chonse cha ma chilumba omwe ali parenchyma ndi pafupifupi 1,000,000.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mwa ana akhanda, zisumbu zochuluka zimakhala 6% ya kulemera kwa kapamba.
Pazaka zambiri, kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zamthupi zomwe zimakhala ndi endocrine ntchito ya kapamba kumachepa. Pazaka 50 za kukhalapo kwaumunthu, zilumba zochepa zokha mwa 1-2% zomwe zilipo
Kodi maselo ndimtundu wanji?
Malo ochezera a Langerhans ali ndi maselo okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana ndi morphology.
Matenda a 'endocrine pancreas' ali ndi:
- glucagon wopanga ma cell a alpha. Homoniyo ndi wotsutsana ndi insulin ndipo amalimbikitsa shuga. Ma cell a Alpha amakhala 20% ya kulemera kwa maselo otsala;
- maselo a beta ndi omwe amachititsa kuti maselo azisakanizo ndi insulin, azikhala ndi 80% ya kulemera kwa islet;
- kupanga somatostatin, komwe kungalepheretse chinsinsi cha ziwalo zina, amaperekedwa ndi maselo a delta. Kuchuluka kwawo ndikuchokera 3 mpaka 10%;
- Maselo a PP ndi ofunika kuti apange pancreatic polypeptide. Mahomoni amalimbikitsa ntchito zachinsinsi zam'mimba ndipo amachepetsa kubisalira kwa parenchyma;
- ghrelin, yomwe imayambitsa kugona mwa anthu, imapangidwa ndi maselo a epsilon.
Kodi zisumbu zimapangidwa bwanji?
Ntchito yayikulu yomwe ma islets a Langerhans amachita ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'thupi ndikuwongolera ziwalo zina za endocrine. Zilumbazi zimakhala ndi chisoni komanso mitsempha ya vagus ndipo zimaperekedwa mokwanira ndi magazi.
Zilumba za pancreatic za Langerhans zili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta. M'malo mwake, aliyense wa iwo ndi maphunziro ogwira ntchito mokwanira. Kapangidwe ka chilumbachi kamapereka kusinthana pakati pa zinthu zotheka pa parenchyma ndi zisa zina. Izi ndizofunikira kuti khungu likhale ndi insulin.
Ma cell a ma islets amalumikizana, ndiye kuti, amapezeka mwa mawonekedwe a mosaic. Kalovu okhwima mu kapamba ali ndi gulu loyenera. Kachilomboka kamakhala ndi maubongo omwe amazungulira minofu yolumikizana, ma capillaries amwazi amapita mkati mwa maselo.
Maselo a Beta ali pakatikati pa lobules, pomwe ma alpha ndi ma delta amapezeka m'chigawo chakutali. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka zisumbu za Langerhans ndikudalira kwathunthu kukula kwawo.
Chifukwa chiyani ma antibodies amapangidwa motsutsana ndi ma islets? Kodi ntchito yawo ya endocrine ndi yotani? Likukhalira kuti kulumikizana kwa zisumbu kumapanga njira yotsatsira, kenako maselo amakhudza maselo ena omwe amakhala pafupi.
- Insulin imayendetsa ntchito ya maselo a beta ndikuletsa ma cell a alpha.
- Ma cell a Alpha amathandizira glucagon, ndipo amathandizira pama cell a delta.
- Somatostatin amalepheretsa ntchito yama cell a alpha ndi beta.
Zofunika! Pakapanda kulephera kwa chitetezo chamthupi, matupi a chitetezo mthupi omwe amayang'aniridwa motsutsana ndi maselo a beta amapangidwa. Maselo amawonongeka ndikuwatsogolera ku matenda oyipa omwe amatchedwa shuga mellitus.
Kuika ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani kofunikira
Njira ina yoyenera yonyamulira chithokomiro cha tiziyeto tambiri ndikuika chiwiya chaching'ono. Poterepa, kukhazikitsa chiwiya chongopangira sikofunikira. Kuika kumapereka mwayi kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuti abwezeretse kapangidwe ka maselo a beta komanso kupatsirana kwa kapamba sikufunika kwathunthu.
Pamaziko a maphunziro azachipatala, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, omwe amapereka maselo a islet, malamulo a kuchuluka kwa carbohydrate amabwezeretsedwa bwino. Pofuna kupewa kukanidwa ndi minofu yaopereka, odwala oterewa adalandira chithandizo champhamvu cha immunosuppressive.
Kubwezeretsa zisumbu, pali chinthu chinanso - masentimita a tsinde. Popeza malo osungirako aopereka samakhala opanda malire, njira ina ndiyofunika kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti thupi libwezeretse chitetezo cha mthupi, apo ayi maselo omwe angogulitsidwe kumene amawakanidwa kapena kuwonongedwa pakapita nthawi.
Masiku ano mankhwala obwezeretsa akukhala mwachangu, amapereka njira zatsopano m'malo onse. Xenotransplantation ikulonjezanso - kupatsirana kwa munthu kwa nkhumba kapamba.
Zowonjezera za nkhumba parenchyma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga ngakhale insulin isanapezeke. Zinafika kuti tiziwalo ta anthu ndi nkhumba zimasiyana mu amino acid m'modzi.
Popeza matenda ashuga amakula chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zilumba za Langerhans, kuphunzira kwawo kuli ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chothandizira matendawa.
