Vuto limodzi lalikulu masiku athu ano ndi kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Chiwerengero cha odwala chotere chikuwonjezeka tsiku lililonse ndipo izi ndizowopsa. Kufotokozera izi ndizosavuta kwambiri, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndikulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kusowa zakudya m'thupi.
Nthawi zina, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, neoplasms muubongo, komanso mavuto ena akulu azaumoyo. Pachifukwa ichi, kholo lililonse limangofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wa thanzi la mwana wawo, ndipo zolakwika zilizonse zolemetsa ziyenera kudziwitsa komanso kufulumira kufunsa dokotala.
Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kunayamba kukula mudakali ana, ndiye kuti kumayambitsa zovuta zowopsa. Mwa ana onenepa kwambiri, ngozi za matenda otere zimachulukirachulukira.
- matenda a shuga;
- matenda oopsa;
- kulephera kwa chiwindi;
- mavuto a ndulu.
Pofika ukalamba, odwala oterowo amayamba kubadwa osabereka pang'ono pang'ono, kuphwanya kwa mtima, komanso matenda a mtima.
Malingaliro othandizira kunenepa kwambiri amadalira kwathunthu ndipo amaphatikizapo mfundo izi:
- zakudya zabwino;
- zolimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi;
- mankhwala kapena opaleshoni (ngati kuli kotheka).
Mokulira, mukufunikabe kudziwa kuchokera komwe mungayambe kuyankhula za kunenepa kwambiri kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kulemera kwa mwana aliyense kumadalira chibadwa chake, kutalika kwake, komanso chibadwa chake.
Zosafunikanso kwambiri kukhala mkhalidwe wathanzi ndi zikhalidwe zanu.
Mankhwala amadziwa njira zingapo zodziwira kulemera kwamphamvu kwa mwana.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana
Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya kunenepa:
- alimentary (chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi kusowa kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi za mwana);
- endocrine (amapezeka mwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi mavuto akulu a endocrine glands: gren adrenal, chithokomiro, komanso thumba losunga mazira).
Kutengera ndi zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zimayenda ndi kunenepa kwambiri, munthu atha kufotokoza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achite izi.
Ngati mwana wonenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvetsera kwa makolo ake. Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kumaonekeranso, ndiye kuti titha kulankhula za osayenera kudya.
Banja lotere limatha kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri tsiku lililonse, zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta ambiri. Ngati ndi choncho, kuti, nthawi zambiri, mwanayo amadwala kunenepa kwambiri.
Muzochitika zotere, kunenepa kwambiri kwa mwana kudzakhala kwathunthu chifukwa cha kusamvana pakati pa zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuperewera kwa mphamvu kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa chakuyenda modekha.
Ngati tikulankhula za makanda, ndiye kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi zotsatira za kuyambitsidwa kosakwanira kwa zakudya zowonjezera, zomwe zili ndi mafuta komanso mafuta ochulukirapo. Ana okalamba amatha kukhala ndi mapaundi owonjezera ngati athera nthawi yawo yonse kusewera masewera apakompyuta kapena kuonera TV. Mphamvu zonse zolandiridwa kuchokera ku chakudya zimakhalabe mu depot yamafuta.
Chofunikira chakudziwitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi moyo wosakwanira.
Nthawi zina pomwe mwana wakhala wonenepa kwambiri kuyambira pakubadwa kwake kapena pali kuchepetsedwa kwakutukuka kwake, ndizotheka kuti kunenepa kwambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zobadwa nazo ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Development lag ikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi kuchedwa:
- chidacho;
- atagwira mutu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kutupa kwa nkhope ya mwana kumawonedwa. Zonsezi pamwambapa zikuwonetsa hypothyroidism.
Muzochitika momwe kunenepa kwambiri kosiyanasiyana kumayang'aniridwa motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kubwezeretsa m'maganizo, kufooka kwa minofu ndi strabismus, ndiye mu nkhani iyi titha kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa kubadwa kwa majini obadwa nawo, mwachitsanzo, Down syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome (monga chithunzi).
Kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Zizindikiro
Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri iliyonse kumayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wokhala ndi hypothyroidism:
- kutopa;
- kufooka
- kugona
- kugwira ntchito kusukulu yapansi;
- kusadya bwino;
- khungu louma;
- kudzimbidwa
- matumba pansi pamaso.
Hypothyroidism yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi mavuto ndi kugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ayodini. Monga lamulo, matenda, ngati ali atsikana ochulukirapo, amatha kutha kusamba (amenorrhea) kapena kuphwanya kwina kulikonse.
Ngati kulemera kwambiri kumayikidwa pamimba, khosi, nkhope, ndiye kuti zingatheke kuti mwana ali ndi vuto la Itsenko-Cushing's. Amadziwikanso ndi zizindikiro zina, mwachitsanzo, mikono ndi miyendo yolakwika kwambiri, kapangidwe kake ka manja otambalala a utoto wofiirira (amatchedwanso striae).
Ndi matendawa, pali kuchuluka kwama mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal glands.
Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kwa madigiri osiyanasiyana kwa ana kumayendetsedwa ndi mutu, ndiye kuti akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa chotupa. Poyerekeza ndi zovuta zamavuto am'mimba komanso migraine, zizindikiro zina zitha kuonedwa:
- kukulitsa bere (anyamata ndi atsikana). Galactorrhea (secretion mkaka ku tiziwalo), kuphwanya kwa msambo mu atsikana, titha kuzindikira. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za prolactinoma - chotupa mumtundu wa pituitary yomwe imatulutsa prolactin (mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kupanga mkaka nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, prolactinoma ndiyothekanso mwa anyamata. Pankhaniyi, kukulitsidwa kwa mawere, kupweteka mutu, ndi kuwonetsa kwina kwakukhudzidwa kwambiri kwazinthu kumawonedwa;
- muzochitika pamene zizindikiro za hypothyroidism zilinso nawo izi, ndiye kuti, kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri mu achinyamata kumayamba chifukwa cha chotupa cha pituitary. Zotsatira zake, padzakhala kuphwanya kapangidwe ka timadzi tomwe timatulutsa chithokomiro;
- ndi kuwonjezera kwa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a Itsenko-Cushing's, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa chotupa. Neoplasm yotere imatulutsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa ACTH (adrenocorticotropic mahormoni), yomwe imayambitsa kutulutsa kwa glucocorticosteroids ndi tiziwalo tamadontho tambiri.
Pali nthawi zina pomwe mwana wamwamuna akakhala ndi vuto lochedwa kutha msinkhu ndi gynecomastia. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha njirayi chimatchedwa adiposogenital dystrophy. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa mahomoni a pituitary omwe amachititsa kuti minyewa iziyenda bwino.
Atsikana, Zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa zidzawonetsa kukhalapo kwa ovary ya polycystic.
Kodi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri ndi chiani?
Kunenepa kwambiri mu ana (chithunzi) kumatha kuyambitsa matenda oyamba kwambiri omwe si aanthu amsinkhu uno:
- matenda oopsa
- mtundu 2 matenda a shuga;
- matenda a chiwindi;
- matenda a mtima.
Matendawa amatha kudwalitsa mwana thanzi komanso kuchepetsa moyo wake.
Pali zotsatirazi zovuta za kunenepa kwambiri kosiyanasiyana:
- Kuchokera pamtima: mtima wamatenda, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulephera kwamtima, angina pectoris. Mavuto awa, omwe ndi achikulire, amachititsa mavuto ambiri kwa ana onenepa kwambiri;
- Kuchokera m'mimba: kupukusika kwa gallbladder (cholecystitis), kutupa kwa kapamba (kapamba), hemorrhoid, kudzimbidwa pafupipafupi. Kukhazikika kwamafuta m'chiwindi kumayambitsa lipid hepatosis (steatosis). Matendawa amadziwika ndi vuto losakwanira la chiwindi chifukwa chakuchotsa minofu yachilendo ya adipose. M'malo mwake, steatosis imayambitsa matenda ena;
- Kuyambira mafupa ndi mafupa, kufooka kwa mafupa, kupweteka kwammalo olumikizirana mafupa, ndi mapazi osyoka amatha kuwonedwa. Ana onenepa kwambiri adzavutika ndi kusinthasintha kwa maondo a maondo (miyendo imakhala mu mawonekedwe a chilembo X);
- Ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa mahomoni, insulini, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali shuga wambiri, imayambitsa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Zizindikiro zokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi izi: kugona, ludzu losatha, kulakalaka kwambiri, kufooka, kukodza pafupipafupi;
- Ana onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kugona monga kufooka ndi ziphuphu (kulephera kupuma pang'ono pang'ono).
Amayi onenepa kuyambira ubwana ali ndi mwayi wokhala wosabereka moyo wonse.
Kusiyanasiyana, kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri pamavuto ambiri azikhalidwe. Ana oterewa amakhalanso ndi vuto lalikulu polankhulana ndi anzawo.
Nthawi zambiri zotsutsana ndi izi, nkhawa zimayamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azinenepa kwambiri komanso azingokhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, uchidakwa komanso mavuto azakudya, mwachitsanzo, bulimia kapena anorexia (monga chithunzi).
Kodi kunenepa kumachitika bwanji?
Maluso ochotsa mapaundi owonjezera mwa mwana mwachindunji zimatengera zomwe zimachitika. Mosalephera, adokotala amalimbikitsa:
- zakudya zamankhwala;
- matenda olimbitsa thupi
- mankhwala;
- opaleshoni yolowerera (ngati kuli kotheka).
Chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri muubwana ndi unyamata ndi njira yayitali kwambiri. Gawo lililonse la magawo ake liyenera kuvomerezedwa pakati pa makolo a mwana wodwala ndi sing'anga.
Maphunziro azakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi
Cholinga chachikulu cha kadyedwe ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi sikuti kungonenepa thupi, komanso kupewa kunenepa kwambiri. Pakunenepa kwambiri, mwana adzawonetsedwa chakudya chokhacho chopangidwa kuti muchepetse kunenepa.
Kuchepetsa thupi kuyenera kukhala kosalala nthawi zonse. Kudumpha mwadzidzidzi kulemera sikuvomerezeka!
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi malingaliro a endocrinologist. Dotoloyo aziganizira zonse zomwe zimachitika m'thupi la mwana wodwalayo ndikuwerengera zomwe amafunikira tsiku lililonse monga mafuta, chakudya, mapuloteni, zinthu zina, ndi mavitamini. Izi zikhoza kukhala, mwachitsanzo, chakudya chokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.
Maphunziro akuthupi adzaphatikizapo:
- kusambira;
- aerobics
- masewera akunja;
- othamanga.
Kuti mwana achite chidwi ndi zamasewera, kholo lililonse liyenera kukhazikitsa chitsanzo chake, limulimbikitse pazabwino zilizonse zomwe akuchita.
Ngakhale kuyenda kwamasiku onse mphindi 30 kumathandizanso mwana kukhala bwino, ndikuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la kunenepa kwamankhwala osiyanasiyana.
Udindo wofunikira udzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi banja labwino. Ndikofunika kumuthandiza mwana kuthana ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri ndikuwonetsa kuti wina sayenera kukhomeredwa pamenepo.
Mankhwala
Kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amachepetsa kulakalaka. Dokotala amakulemberani mankhwala ngati njira yomaliza. Izi ndichifukwa chosowa kuchuluka kokwanira kwa kafukufuku wa sayansi pankhaniyi.
Ngati vuto la kunenepa kwambiri lagona m'kugundana kwa timadzi m'thupi, ndiye kuti, izi zitha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi zolimbitsa thupi, kudya komanso kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Milandu yomwe matenda ashuga ayamba kukulira ku achinyamata motsutsana ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri, mankhwalawa aphatikizanso mankhwala othandizira.
Mankhwala othandizira
Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zochitira opaleshoni nthawi zambiri. Izi ndizofunikira pokhapokha pazisonyezo zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, pakalibe kuchitidwa opaleshoni, pali mwayi waukulu woti ungafe.
