Matenda a shuga amatanthauza matenda a endocrine chikhalidwe. Matendawa amadziwika ndi vuto la kagayidwe kachakudya, chifukwa chake mafuta omwe amalowa mthupi samaphwanyidwa mwanjira zonse.
Chifukwa chake pali kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumatha kufika pazowopsa.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga:
- 1st - insulin amadalira;
- 2nd - osadalira insulini.
Ndi chithandizo chiti chomwe chikufunika pa matenda a shuga a 2?
Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 chili ndi magawo angapo:
- bungwe la zakudya zoyenera;
- kukonza zolimbitsa thupi;
- kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga;
- kupewa kapena kuchiritsira koyambirira kwa zovuta zamatenda oyamba ndi matenda a shuga;
- kudziyesa wekha glycemia.
Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo chikuwongolera kuti ayesetse matenda ashuga a 2. Pa gawo loyamba la chithandizo, wodwalayo ayenera kusintha moyo wake, malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito metformin.
Ngati wodwala ali ndi zotsutsana ndi mankhwalawa, zotumphukira za sulfonylurea zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi kuwonongeka kowala, poyamba amakulimbikitsidwa kuti apereke insulin, kenako ndikusamutsira pakamwa pochepetsa shuga ndikotheka.
Ndi monotherapy yosagwira ntchito ya shuga, gawo lachiwiri la chithandizo ndiloyenera, momwe kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala kumayikidwa. Kuphatikiza mankhwalawa amaphatikiza mankhwala, omwe amapangira njira zosiyanasiyana za hypoglycemic.
Ndi mankhwalawa, kugwiritsa ntchito basulin insulin ndikoyenera. Mankhwala amaperekedwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka kukhazikika kwa glucose komwe kumakhazikitsidwa.
Kuthekera kwa chithandizo cha insulin cha matenda a shuga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo izi:
- kusowa kwamphamvu pazakudya zochizira komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa shuga;
- ketoacidosis;
- tsankho kapena contraindication poika mankhwala ochepetsa shuga;
- kuchuluka kwa matenda aakulu ndi pachimake;
- opaleshoni kuchitapo kanthu;
- Mimba, momwe insulin imayikidwa kwakanthawi ndipo kenako n`kotheka kubwerera ku chithandizo cha mankhwala a pakamwa a hypoglycemic;
- kusamukira kwakanthawi insulin mankhwala.
Mlingo wa insulin umayikidwa palokha. Kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa Mlingo ndizotheka mpaka zolinga za glycemic zitheke.
Monga ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, apa mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imayesedwa, m'malo mwake, ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe odwala amatha kudziwa okha kunyumba.
Matenda ogwirizana
- Matenda a shuga. Ndi matenda awa, zowonongeka zimachitika m'mitundu yonse yamitsempha yama mitsempha (autonomic, motor, sensory), yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa metabolic.
- Matenda a ma virus (nkhuku, mumps, chikuku, rubella) pamaso pamakonzedwe obadwa nawo amayimilidwa ndi chinthu choyambitsa matenda a metabolic.
- Matenda a diabetes a nephropathy ndiofala kwambiri pamitsempha yamagazi, ma glomeruli, arterioles, ndi aimpso tubules.
- Matenda a shuga a retinopathy, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha nthendayi. Izi matenda am'mlengalenga zimayambitsa kutsika kwamawonedwe owoneka.
- Ketoacidotic chikomaso ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, limodzi ndi zovuta za homeostasis ndi kusowa kwa ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe.
Momwe mungachotsere matenda ashuga a 2 kunyumba
Mellitus wosadalira shuga yemwe amadalira kwambiri amathandizidwa kunyumba. Koma choyamba, wodwalayo amayikidwa kuchipatala kuti am'pimidwe mozama komanso kuti adziwe njira yochiritsira.
Komabe, endocrinologist amayenera kuwona wodwalayo mukudwala. Pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakakamize dokotala kuti ayike wodwala kuchipatala:
- kwambiri mawonekedwe a ketoacidosis kapena chikomokere (hypoglycemic, hyperosmolar, ketoacidotic);
- kutulutsa kuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, kufunika kusintha kwa insulin mankhwala;
- chitukuko cha mtima mavuto;
- maphunziro a odwala ku sukulu ya matenda ashuga, omwe amachitika mu chipatala cha tsiku limodzi.
Zofunika! Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo sichingabweretse zotsatirapo ngati wodwala matenda ashuga satsatira zakudya zokhwima. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, zakudya zake ziyenera kuchotsedwa mapaundi owonjezera komanso kupewa kupewa glycemia ya postprandial, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga pambuyo chakudya.
Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi zothandiza zimakhala ndi phindu pakulimbitsa thupi kuti mumve insulin, yomwe imakhudza kuphatikiza kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.
Lemberani mankhwala a shuga atatu
Mibadwo ya mankhwala oyamba a antiidiabetesic:
- Chlorpropamide.
- Tolazamide (Tolinase).
- Tolbutamide (butamide).
Mibadwo yachiwiri ya mankhwala opatsirana a antiidiabetes:
- Glipizide.
- Nateglinide (glibenclamide).
Analogi
Metformin
Anatumiza kwa 500-850 mg / tsiku mu 2-3 waukulu. Mankhwala ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kukana kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu ya insulin. Metformin imatsutsana mu:
- mkulu Mwina kukhala aimpso kulephera kapena lactic acidosis;
- myocardial infarction;
- opareshoni;
- kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiopaque othandizira;
- hypoxia;
- kapamba.
Ndi chisamaliro chachikulu, metformin imalembedwa:
- ndi kulephera kwa mtima;
- odwala okalamba;
- ndi zidakwa;
- kuphatikiza ndi ma tetracyclines.
Acarbose
Mu 3 pakamwa, 25-100 mg patsiku musanadye. Izi ndizofunikira popewa kukhala ndi postprandial hyperglycemia.
Acarbose amatsutsana mu:
- zilonda zam'mimba;
- kulephera kwaimpso;
- matumbo ochepa
- matenda amatumbo.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kulikonse kwa wowerengeka azitsamba kuyenera kuvomerezana ndi adokotala. Palibe chifukwa choti muyenera kudzisamalira nokha.
Njira yayikulu yothandizira ndi kupewa matendawa imawonedwa kuti ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, ndipo njira zina zitha kungofanana nazo.
Zomwezi zimaphatikizidwa pakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndizosatheka kuthetsa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, wowerengeka azitsamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti matenda a shuga achulukane.
Bay kulowetsedwa
- Masamba 10 Bay amathira madzi otentha mu 250 ml.
- Kuumirira kwa maola 2-3.
- Vutitsani kulowetsedwa mwa cheesecloth ndikugawa magawo atatu ofanana.
Imwani chakumwa ichi mphindi 30 musanadye.
Mkaka wa Horseradish
- Choyamba muyenera kuphika wowonda wowonda (mkaka umaphikidwa kutentha firiji).
- Grate horseradish pa chabwino grater ndi kuwonjezera 1 tbsp. supuni chifukwa chakumwa.
- Sakanizani bwino komanso firiji kwa maola 6-8 kulowetsedwa.
Tengani mphindi 30 musanadye katatu pa tsiku 1 tbsp. supuni.
Currant
- Muyenera kutenga 1 tbsp. spoonful ya wowuma currant masamba (kukoma, mutha kuwonjezera pang'ono zipatso).
- Thirani kapu yamadzi otentha ndikusiya kwa mphindi 30.
- Vutitsani kulowetsedwa.
Msuzi uyenera kumwedwa kangapo 4-5 patsiku kwa chikho ½, ngakhale chakudya.
Type 2 shuga ndi pakati
Ndi matenda a shuga, kutenga pakati, ndizotheka, koma mkazi ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala pafupipafupi. Izi ndichifukwa choti mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kubereka komanso kubereka.
Nazi mavuto omwe nthawi zambiri amaberekera mwana mwa mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2:
- Late toxicosis.
- Kuopseza kusokonezeka.
- Zovuta za impso.
Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amabadwa 25% ya milandu (ngati kholo limodzi lokha lili ndi matendawa). Chifukwa chakuti glucose amawoloka msanga placenta, azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amabadwa ndi kulemera kwambiri, koma amatha kusakhwima.
Zofunika! Mayi yemwe akudwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupita kuchipatala kukayezetsa katatu pa nthawi yoyembekezera.
Kugonekedwa kwa chipatala ndikofunikanso koyambirira kuti athane ndi vuto la kuteteza kukhala ndi pakati, popeza mu shuga pali zotsutsana zingapo pobala mwana wosabadwayo:
- kukana insulin mankhwala;
- mtima mavuto;
- kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga mwa mwamunayo.
Pakati pachipatala choyamba, chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi zakudya zimakonzedwa. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, simungatenge mankhwala opatsirana kuti muchepetse shuga m'mapiritsi. Amatha kuyambitsa kubadwa kwa mwana osabadwa.
Kugonekedwa kuchipatala masabata 24 kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa matendawa, komwe nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa ndi zovuta kuchokera m'matumbo am'munsi, retina. Wodwala akapanda kulandira chithandizo chokwanira, amakhala pachiwopsezo chodwala matenda ashuga.
Pa milungu 36-37 ya mimba, mwayi waukulu wobadwa masiku asanakwane. Ichi ndichifukwa chake azimayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo samakonda kukhwima. Mwana akangobadwa kumene asanadutse milungu 37 chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndiosafunikira, koma sabata iliyonse ikubwera chiwopsezo cha amayi chimakulanso.
